虫草属一新纪录种－－拟细虫草

A Cordyceps specimen collected on a coleopteran from National Natural Conservation of Guniujiang, Shitai County, Anhui Province in September 2000, was identified as Cordyceps gracilioides Kobayasi, which is a new record to China. 　　Cordyceps gracilioides Kob. Science Reports of Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, 140~143, 1941. Plate Ⅰ 　　Single stroma, 31.4mm long, germinates from the head of host. Stipes cylindrical, 26.9mm long and 2.1mm in diameter, pale yellowish brown to pale reddish brown. Fertile part globose, with a depressed top, 5.7mm in diameter and 4.5mm in height with the color as the stipes. Perithecia immersed, elongate-ampullaceous, 840～920×210～260mm. Asci cylindrical, 510～580×5～6mm, with cap 6～7mm in diameter and 4 mm in height. Secondary ascospores cylindrical, 5.5～9×1.4～1.8mm.     

A New Species of the Genus Protobothrops(Squamata: Viperidae) from Southern Tibet,China and Sikkim,India

A new species of the genus Protobothrops Hoge Romano-Hoge, 1983, was described from Jilong County, southern Tibet, China, and Chungthang, northern Sikkim, India. It differs from congeners by the following characters: 1) relatively large body size(total length up to 1510 mm); 2) dorsal scale rows 25–25–19; 3) except for the smooth outermost row, dorsal scales are weakly keeled; 4) relatively high number of ventral(198–216) and subcaudal(65–76 pairs) scales; 5) 7–8 supralabials; 6) 11 to 13 infralabials; 7) dorsal head uniform dark brown, laterally a reddish-brown obscure postocular streak; 8) dorsum of trunk and tail olive, with distinct black edged red brown transverse bands across the body and tail; and 9) eye from bright brown and reddish brown to mildly brown. The new species was also observed from the Haa Valley in western Bhutan.     

Introduction of the Plant Front Cover:Musella lasiocarpa

Musella lasiocarpa(Fr.)C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li,also known as“Thousand Petal Lotus”“Thousand leaf Lotus”,is a large perennial herb of Musa.Pseudostem formed by overlapping leaf sheaths in imbricate arrangement is 30-80 cm in height.Leaves are ovoid to oblong,50-110 cm in length and 30-50 cm in width.Rosette inflorescence grows erectly on pseudostem with flowering time from March to October.Bracts are yellow to orange-red,petal-like,layers from bottom to top,30-50 cm in diameter,bracts oval-shaped to oblong,13-20 cm in length,7-13 cm in width.Flowers grow at the base of the bracts,arranged in 1-2 rows with 2-4 flowers per row.Berry is triangulate ovate,3-5 cm long and about 3 cm in diameter.Each fruit contains 30-80 seeds with 6-7 mm wide,dark brown or brown,smooth,with a large white hilum on the ventral surface.Musella lasiocarpa is endemic to China,and its wild populations are rare.It mainly distributes in cliff habitats ranging from 1600 to 2200 m in Yunnan and Sichuan.Plants and flowers have high ornamental value,and as one of the“Five Trees and Six Flowers”in Buddhism has been endowed with profound cultural connotation.Pseudostem is rich in starch and can be eaten and used as fodder.Flowers are nectar rich.Flowers and Leaves can be used as medicine which has the effect of astringent hemostasis,treating leucorrhea,red collapse and bleeding under the large intestine;The stem juice is used to alleviate the alcohol intoxication and to avoid kusnezoff monkshood poisoning.     

A New Species of Odorrana Inhabiting Complete Darkness in a Karst Cave in Guangxi,China

A new species of the genus Odorrana is described from a completely dark karst cave of northeastern Guangxi, southern China. The new species, Odorrana lipuensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: medium size(SVL: 40.7–47.7 mm in males, 51.1–55.4 mm in females); tips of all but first finger expanded with circummarginal grooves; smooth, grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling; pineal body invisible; throat to upper abdomen with gray mottling; dorsal surfaces of limbs with brown bands; dorsolateral fold absent; tiny spinules on lateral body, temporal region, and anterior and posterior edge of tympanum; white nuptial pad present on finger I; males lacking vocal sacs; females having creamy yellow eggs, without black poles. Uncorrected sequence divergences between O. lipuensis sp. nov. and all homologous 16 S rRNA sequences of Odorrana available on Gen Bank is equal to or greater than 4.9%. Currently, the new species is only known from the type locality.     

Spatial phylogenetics of the Chinese angiosperm flora provides insights into endemism and conservation

The flora of China is well known for its high diversity and endemism. Identifying centers of endemism and designating conservation priorities are essential goals for biodiversity studies.However, there is no comprehensive study from a rigorous phylogenetic perspective to understand patterns of diversity and endemism and to guide biodiversity conservation in China. We conducted a spatial phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese angiosperm flora at the generic level to identify centers of neo-and pale...     

(Zingiberaceae) used as cobra-bite antidotes

Two new species of Curcuma, C. sattayasaii A. Chaveerach &; R. Sudmoon and C. zedoaroides A. Chaveerach &; T. Tanee with rhizomes traditionally used for many decades as cobra-bite antidotes are described and illustrated. Curcuma sattayasaii is similar to C. longa L., but differs in rhizome horizontally branching on ground; coma bracts pinkish-white or pinkish-pale green; corolla pale yellow with orange tip; labellum pale orange with an orange central band; anther crest very short, broadly ovate, wider than long. Curcuma zedoaroides is similar to C. zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, but differs in rhizome branching pattern; the protruding secondary rhizomes curved down; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate; peduncle glabrous; fertile and coma bracts glabrous; corolla lobes pale yellow to white, lateral lobe ovate, dorsal lobe broadly ovate. The new taxa have been found in a village of Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand.     

Two new species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) used as cobra-bite antidotes

Two new species of Curcuma, C. sattayasaii A. Chaveerach ＆ R. Sudmoon and C. zedoaroides A. Chaveerach ＆ T. Tanee with rhizomes traditionally used for many decades as cobra-bite antidotes are described and illustrated. Curcuma sattayasaii is similar to C. longa L., but differs in rhizome horizontally branching on ground; coma bracts pinkish-white or pinkish-pale green; corolla pale yellow with orange tip; labellum pale orange with an orange central band; anther crest very short, broadly ovate, wider than long. Curcuma zedoaroides is similar to C. zedoaria （Christm.） Roscoe, but differs in rhizome branching pattern; the protruding secondary rhizomes curved down; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate; peduncle glabrous; fertile and coma bracts glabrous; corolla lobes pale yellow to white, lateral lobe ovate, dorsal lobe broadly ovate. The new taxa have been found in a village of Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand.     

Humidity and seasonality drives body size patterns in males of the bush cricket Isophya rizeensis Sevgili, 2003 （Orthoptera： Tettigoniidae： Phaneropterinae）

Two primary patterns of body size variation have been recorded in ectotherms in relation to latitudinal/altitudinal shifts. In some, body size increases with increasing latitude/altitude whereas, in others, body size decreases with increasing latitude/altitude. This clinal variation is generally assumed to be caused by local adaptation to environmental conditions however the selective variable（s） （temperature, humidity, diet quality, etc.） is still heavily debated. Here we investigate geographic variation in body size of dark and pale color morphs of males of the bush-cricket lsophya rizeensis collected from 15 locations along an elevation gradient ranging from 350 to 2 500 m. Using an information theoretical approach we evaluate the relative support of four different hypotheses （the temperature size rule, the moisture gradient hypothesis, the seasonal constraint hypothesis, and the primary productivity hypothesis） explaining body size variation along the altitudinal gradient. Body size variation in pale color morphs showed a curvilinear relationship with altitude while dark color morphs showed no variation in body size. Body size variation in pale color morphs was highly correlated with precipitation and temperature seasonality values thus giving strong support for the moisture gradient and seasonal constraint hypothesis. Our results reinforce the importance of gradients in humidity and seasonality over temperature in the creation of altitudinal body size clines and the role of selection for resistance to stress factors in the establishment of these clines. Whether a body size cline is observed or not might also depend on the phenotypic properties of the individuals, like coloration.     

Physical characteristics of Chinese Hakka

Using standard and internationally validated methods,86 anthropologic characteristics were determined in 650 male(305 from urban areas and 345 from rural areas) and 704 female(331 from urban areas,373 from rural areas) Chinese Hakka adults living in Guangdong and Jiangxi.The data were used to calculate 24 anthropologic indices,which were analyzed statistically.The physical characteristics of Hakka subjects were analyzed and compared with reference ethnic data.There were four main findings of this study.First,a small proportion of Hakka adults had an eye fold on the upper eyelid,but a large proportion had a mongoloid fold.The eye slits were narrow in most adults,had a medium nasal root height and straight bridges,and most of the external angles were prominent.The nasal base was upturned in most men.The distributions of the three types of nasal base in women were similar.The proportions of subjects with middle and high alae nasi heights were high and similar.Males with a maximum nostril diameter were mostly classified as transverse and oblique,while many women were classified as transverse and had relatively wide alae nasi.The round lobe type was the most common.Upper lip skin height was mostly classified as medium.Lips were classified as thin.The hair was black,eyes were brown,and the skin was yellowish.Second,the head length was long in male Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Meanwhile,head breadth,morphological facial height,nose breadth,mouth breadth,and nose height were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Head length was long in female Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Head breadth,nose breadth,and mouth breadth were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Third,the stature of male and female Hakka in urban and rural areas was classified as medium.The proportions of male and female Hakka classified as mesocephaly(length-breadth index of the head),hypsicephalic type,metriocephalic type(breadth-height index of the head) mesorrhiny,long trunk,subbrachyskelic type,broad shoulder breadth,and narrow distance between iliac crests were higher than those of other types.Finally,principal component analyses showed that the physical characteristics of Hakka were between those of South-Asian and North-Asian ethnic populations,but were generally closer to those of North-Asian populations in China.     

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MIMELA KIRBY (SCARABAEIDAE, RUTELlNAE)

The present paper deals with 9 species of the genus Mimela collected from variousparts of China. They are new to science and their specific diagnosis are summarized asfollows. Mimela bidentata, sp. nov. ?, length: 20 mm, width: 12 mm. Brilliant metallic black-green above, with a brown lustre; pygidium and other parts     

石蕊属一中国新记录种*

During a field expedition to Zhaosu County of Xinjiang Province in 2000, several lichen species have been collected. Among them, Cladonia libifera is recorded as new to China. Cladonia libifera Savicz, Novosti Sist. Nizs. Rast. : 167 (1965). Primary squamules persistent and soon disappearing, small to middle-sized,2-5mm long , 2~4mm broad, crenate or incised, sinuate, flat or involuting, ascending, esorediating. Podetia whitish gray, 2~5 cm long (only from living part to top), cup bearing…     

NEW SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDAE FROM YUNNAN, CHINA

17 new species of Coccinellidae collected from Yunnan of China are described.All the type specimens are kept in the Forestry Department of Yunnan Province.1.Vibidia luliangensis,sp.nov.(fig.1) Upperside yellowish brown,with 6 milky spots.The apex of sipho with a shortthreadike process,curved upward and with membranous enclosure.Median lobe oftegmen with a transverse ridge being situated at 2/3 from the base to apex of dorsalsurface,the parameres shorter than the median lobe. Length:4.5 mm.Width:3.5mm. Holotype ♂,Luliang(Daboshu,1840m)Yunnan,16.Ⅳ.1979,by Feng Shiming(No.83001) This species is related to Vibidia duodecimguttata(Poda)and Vibidia nagayamai M.Araki,but its diagnostic characters are the different structures of male genitalia.     

五裂红柱兰) ) ) 云南兰科一新种

Cymbidium quinquelobum, a new orchid from Yunnan, is described and illustrated. It is akin to Cymbidium wenshanense Y. S. Wu et F. Y. Liu, from which it differs by having a 5- lobed lip that is fused at base to the basal margins of the column forming a tube 8- 10 mm long .     

EARLY MIOCENE MAMMALIAN FOSSILS OF XINING BASIN,QINGHAI

<正> Remains of Early Miocene mammals were practically unknown in China.In autumnof 1978,however,a collection of mammalian fossil assemblage was collected by theauthors at Xiejia,a small village about 20 km SE of Xining(Sining).The fauna,mainly made up of micromammals consists.at least of 14 species belonging to 10 genera,dated as Early Miocene in age,approximately equivalent to Aquitanian or Aquitanian-Burdigalian in Europe.Sediments attributed to the Xiejia Formation are composed of yellow brown mud-stone with intercalated yellowish green,grey mudstone,sanstone and conglomerateslens,containing fish and mammalian remains(vide infra.).All the fossils were col-lected from a quarry(IVPP loc.no.78027).     

ON SOME MARINE CRUSTACEANS FROM THE COASTAL WATER OF FENGHSIEN, KIANGSU PROVINCE

Mr. T. H. Wang (1950), engaged in the study of the chemical composition of some marine zooplankton, which has long been used as a source of our accessory food, has kindly put some of the material at my disposal for identification in order to ascertain its contents. The material was collected by him from the coastal water of Fenghsien, about 14 miles from Shanghai, in the spring of 1950. It con-     

Four new species of the genus Hymenoscyphus (fungi) based on morphology and molecular data

Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristics: small apothecia (<3mm in diameter); hymenium whitish, pale yellow, to yellow in color; ectal excipulum of textura prismatica; asci arising from simple septa; ascospores scutuloid and guttulate; saprophytic nutrition; and leaf habitats, except for H. subsymmetricus, which grows on herbaceous stems. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the universal DNA barcode for fungi, for 16 species in the genus indicated that these taxa were closely related to H. microserotinus, in accordance with their morphological features, but represented independent species. The distinguishing features of each new species from its relatives are discussed, and their phylogenetic relationships explored.