透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb和腈水解酶基因bxn在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

为获得高效表达外源蛋白的Pichia pastoris菌株而设计了重组质粒pPIC9K—vgbbxn,其中透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb胞内表达以提高菌体的发酵密度,腈水解酶基因bxn分泌表达。转化GS115菌株后,通过PCR、SDS-PAGE检测证实两基因已经整合进酵母基因组且能高效表达,以及用准确的蛋白活性测定方法成功地检测到二所表达的产物均具有正常的活性。摇瓶发酵实验证明,血红蛋白在贫氧条件下可明显促进酵母菌体生长和bxn基因分泌表达。     

重组人肝素酶在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:建立肝素酶表达系统,大量制备人肝素酶,用于肝素酶的深入研究,及其抑制剂筛选模型的建立。方法:采用RT-PCR方法从肝癌细胞HepG2中克隆肝素酶全长cDNA,转入毕赤酵母表达体系,经甲醇诱导表达。结果:四唑蓝活性检测结果表明,表达产物具有肝素酶活性;Western印迹证实表达产物可被肝素酶抗体识别。结论:表达产物中含具有肝素酶活性的重组人肝素酶。     

外源基因在巴氏毕赤酵母中的表达

近年来,巴氏毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)已经发展成为一种优良的外源基因表达系统得到越来越广泛的应用。     

栓菌漆酶在毕赤酵母中高效表达及重组酶的性质

栓菌420（Trametes sp. 420）漆酶基因lacD以两种方式在巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）进行异源表达,产生两种重组漆酶：rLacDx（具有天然N-末端）和rLacDe（N-末端带有8个额外的氨基酸残基）。摇瓶发酵18d,rLacDx和rLacDe的产量分别为1.21×10⁵u/L、7.38×10⁴u/L ［以2,2′-连氮-3-乙苯-二噻唑-6磺酸（ABTS）为底物］。在高密度发酵条件下,rLacDx的产量增加到2.39×10⁵u/L,同时其生产周期降至7.5 d。两种重组酶对愈创木酚底物的氧化特性相似,且在50℃和pH3～10的范围内均稳定。然而,rLacDx对底物ABTS的比活力（1761u/mg）高于rLacDe （1122u/mg）,其表观K_m值(427μmol/L)低于rLacDe (604μmol/L)。     

栓菌漆酶在毕赤酵母中高效表达及重组酶的性质

栓菌420(Trametes sp.420)漆酶基因lacD以两种方式在巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)进行异源表达,产生两种重组漆酶:rLacDx(具有天然N-末端)和rLacDe(N-末端带有8个额外的氨基酸残基)。摇瓶发酵18d,rLacDx和rLacDe的产量分别为1.21×105u/L、7.38×104u/L[以2,2′-连氮-3-乙苯-二噻唑-6磺酸(ABTS)为底物]。在高密度发酵条件下,rLacDx的产量增加到2.39×105u/L,同时其生产周期降至7.5d。两种重组酶对愈创木酚底物的氧化特性相似,且在50℃和pH3~10的范围内均稳定。然而,rLacDx对底物ABTS的比活力(1761u/mg)高于rLacDe(1122u/mg),其表观Km值(427μmol/L)低于rLacDe(604μmol/L)。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb和腈水解酶基因bxn在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

为获得高效表达外源蛋白的Pichiapastoris菌株而设计了重组质粒pPIC9K-vgbbxn ,其中透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb胞内表达以提高菌体的发酵密度 ,腈水解酶基因bxn分泌表达。转化GS115菌株后 ,通过PCR、SDS-PAGE检测证实两基因已经整合进酵母基因组且能高效表达 ,以及用准确的蛋白活性测定方法成功地检测到二者所表达的产物均具有正常的活性。摇瓶发酵实验证明 ,血红蛋白在贫氧条件下可明显促进酵母菌体生长和bxn基因分泌表达.     

牛凝乳酶基因在毕赤酵母中的重组表达

通过PCR技术从克隆载体pMD18T-Prochy上扩增牛凝乳酶原基因,双酶切后定向插入到酵母表达载体pPICZaA中,构建表达质粒pPICZaA-Prochy,线性化后电转化毕赤酵母GS115,经PCR和测序鉴定凝乳酶原基因成功插入到毕赤酵母的基因组中。在甲醇诱导下进行凝乳酶的表达,SDS-PAGE分析证明重组凝乳酶的分子量约为37 kD,培养基上清液中凝乳酶的活性为12.2 SU/mL。本研究首次应用毕赤酵母表达牛凝乳酶,在培养基中获得分泌表达的重组凝乳酶,为干酪工业提供了新型及优良的凝乳酶来源。     

腈水合酶NHaseK在大肠杆菌中的功能表达

腈水合酶由α亚基和β亚基组成,活化元件对其功能表达至关重要,研究腈水合酶基因簇中各元件的表达比例对酶重组表达的影响具有重要意义。以来源于Klebsiella oxytoca KCTC 1686的腈水合酶（NHaseK）为研究对象,构建了多种表达策略,以期实现α亚基、β亚基和活化元件17k差异表达。利用pETDuet-1质粒具有双T7启动子的特点,将上述基因以八种不同的组合方式分别插入于两个启动子之后。当将三段基因同时插入于第一个启动子之后时,亚基表达量均衡,比活力为0.78 U/mg蛋白,是亚基表达量比例为5：3时的124%。在此基础上,在第二个启动子之后插入活化元件基因,活化元件表达水平提升2倍,比活提升5%,为0.82 U/mg蛋白。当将α亚基和β亚基插入于不同启动子之后时,酶活仅为对照组的10%,说明NHaseK的亚基必须同时转录才可形成成熟蛋白。进一步考察质粒拷贝数对大肠杆菌表达NHaseK的影响,确定15~20的质粒拷贝数足够实现NHaseK的功能表达。结果表明,亚基的均衡表达以及活化元件的充分表达对NHaseK的重组表达具有积极作用。     

诺卡氏菌属中的两个新种

由土壤中分离的两株诺卡氏菌形放线菌A-100菌株和186菌株．经鉴定,其形态和细胞壁化学组分均属诺卡氏菌属,但培养特征和生理生化特性与该属中的已知种不同。因此认为这两株菌是诺卡氏菌属中的两个新种,并分别命名为鲜黄诺卡氏菌Nocardia galba n.sp和绛红色诺卡氏菌Nocardia purpurea n. sp.。     

腈水合酶产生菌的培养及其酶活性的比较

从腈污染的土样中筛选获得,株腈水合酶活性较高的细菌,分属于棒状杆菌(Cerynebactertum sp.)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)和克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.)其中具有腈水合酶活性的克氏杆菌属菌为首次分离到。对这些菌株适宜培养条件及酶形成诱导特性的研究表明,棒状杆菌和节杆菌的腈水合酶为诱导酶,而克氏杆菌的酶为组成酶。前二个属的细菌完整细胞腈水合酶活性相近,均较后一属细菌高约10倍。     

Chaperone-assisted maturation of the recombinant Fe-type nitrile hydratase is insufficient for fully active expression in Escherichia coli

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) has attracted substantial attention for industrial applications to produce large-scale amides. Several NHases have been investigated for functional expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli). A Fe-type NHase was obtained from an acetamiprid-degrading bacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. AAP-7 and functionally expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). No significant NHase activity was detected from the E. coli expressing either the NHase gene alone or NHase and P46K genes transcribed as one unit. Purified recombinant NHase, co-expressed with P46K on two separate plasmids, exhibited the maximal enzyme activity. Furthermore, a GST tag attached to the N-terminus of α subunit resulted in a slight increase in the solubility and stability of NHase compared with a His tag at the C-terminus of β subunit. When co-expressed with the chaperones GroEL-GroES, the yield of the soluble recombinant NHase was improved substantially, while a small decrease in NHase activity was observed. The putative activator P46K was strictly required for production of the recombinant NHase for full enzyme activity, although the chaperones GroEL-GroES appeared to assist NHase to fold properly. This study of the expression of a fully active Fe-type NHase would provide another example to enhance our understanding of NHase biosynthesis.     

毕赤酵母高效表达策略概述

毕赤酵母表达系统是外源蛋白表达的较为理想的系统,但是并不是所有蛋白都能利用此系统获得高效表达,不同来源的蛋白,其表达水平、生物活性和稳定性均存有明显差别。概述了影响毕赤酵母高效表达的主要因素以及外源蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达策略。     

重组毕赤酵母甲醇利用表型与基因拷贝数对外源基因表达的影响

毕赤酵母是目前最优秀的外源蛋白表达系统之一。本文着重对重组毕赤酵母甲醇利用表型（Mut+型、MutS型和Mut-型）、基因剂量对外源蛋白高效表达的影响机理进行综述。MutS型的比生长速率和蛋白产率比Mut+型低、发酵周期长、副产物（如乙醇、乙酸等）形成速率不同。外源基因拷贝数对外源蛋白的影响主要有三种情况：（1）高基因拷贝数对外源蛋白表达水平有明显的正效应作用;（2）基因拷贝数增加反而降低了表达水平,即负效应作用;（3）重组蛋白表达与基因剂正相关,之后则表现负相关关系,这可能与外源蛋白翻译后加工有关（如二硫键形成、折叠等）,而与分子伴侣共表达可促进外源蛋白的高表达。     

影响外源基因在巴氏毕赤酵母中表达的因素

要在一种宿主表达系统中成功表达外源蛋白并获得较高产量,必须要较为全面地了解影响其表达的许多因素。影响外源基因在巴氏毕赤酵母中表达的因素主要包括：外源基因的特性、表达框的染色体整合位点和方式、宿主菌的甲醇利用表型、基因剂量、分泌信号、产物稳定性和翻译后修饰等。本文就这些因素进行分析,并提出一定的对策和建议。     

Efficient inducible expression of nitrile hydratase in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Nitrile hydratases are important industrial catalysts to produce valuable amides. In this study, we describe a comprehensive and systematic approach to the development of an inducible expression system for enhanced nitrile hydratase expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Through promoter engineering, codon optimization and design of ribosome binding site sequences, the nitrile hydratase activity toward 3-cyanopyridine was improved from 0.33 U/mg DCW to 12.03 U/mg DCW in shake-flask culture. By introduction of the novel inducible mmp expression system, the nitrile hydratase activity was further elevated to 14.97 U/mg DCW. Finally, a high nitrile hydratase yield of 1432 U/mL was achieved in a fed-batch fermentation process and used for nicotinamide production. These results provide new insights for the development of heterologous protein expression systems in C. glutamicum.     

重组人kallistatin蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及生物活性分析

为了研究kallistatin(Kal)的生物活性,本实验构建了可分泌表达Kal的毕赤酵母菌株。首先通过PCR方法从pAAV-Kal中扩增出KalcDNA,并克隆至酵母表达载体pPIC9,得到甲醇酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9-Kal,然后将载体线性化并电击转化毕赤酵母GS115(his4),通过MD平板筛选出阳性表达菌株。阳性表达菌株在BMMY培养基(pH7.0)中29℃培养,经2%甲醇诱导表达96h,摇瓶表达量可达14mg/L。表达上清经PhenylSuperose、Heparin SepharoseFF分离纯化,目的蛋白纯度达到98%,分子量为58kDa。生物活性实验显示,所得到的Kal蛋白具有较好的抗氧化活性,过氧化物酶活性达到(163±4)U/(mg·min),可有效降低H2O2对LX-2细胞的氧化损伤。另外,重组产生的Kal还能抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖。本研究首次成功地利用毕赤酵母表达系统分泌表达了有生物活性的Kal,为继续开展其抗肿瘤活性奠定了基础。     

Expression of nitrile hydratase gene of mutant 4D strain of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA 34 in Pichia pastoris

The nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34 mutant 4D has been amplified by PCR, cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris KM-71 using pHIL-D2 expression vector. The recombinant P. pastoris KM-71 exhibited active expression of the nitrile hydratase gene of the mutant 4D and has shown very good potential for the transformation of 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinamide. The recombinant P. pastoris KM-71 exhibited maximum NHase activity when cultivated in YPD medium was supplemented with 0.4?mM cobalt ions. The recombinant P. pastoris KM-71 showed maximum nitrile hydratase enzyme production, when incubated at 30?°C for 15?h.     

Purification and characterization of the enantioselective nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp. AJ270

Nitrile hydratase (NHase, EC 4.2.1.84) from Rhodococcus sp. AJ270 was purified with 23.96% yield after sonication, ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange, hydrophobic and gel-filtration column chromatography. The enzyme showed intriguing characteristics: it hydrated not only aliphatic and heterocyclic nitriles but also aromatic ones. Some substrates were also hydrated enantioselectively to the corresponding amides. The enantiomeric excess (ee) value of the enzyme hydrating trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylcyclopropanecarbonitrile was 84.7. The enzyme is composed of two subunits: an alpha subunit and beta subunit of 22 975 Da and 23 493 Da, respectively. The optimal temperature and pH for the catalytic reaction of the enzyme was 25 degrees C and pH 7.6. The enzyme activity of the purified NHase was strongly inhibited by some oxidizing agents and heavy metals.     

极端耐热木聚糖酶基因在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中的高效表达

以海栖热袍菌 (Thermotoga maritima) MSB8菌株基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增出木聚糖酶（XylanaseB）基因, 将此基因克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pET_28a（+）和毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,并分别转化大肠杆菌 BL21和毕赤酵母GS115。该木聚糖酶在大肠杆菌细胞中表达量高, 但不能分泌; 而在毕赤酵母细胞的表达产物可分泌至胞外。酶学性质分析表明,此酶分子量约为40kD,其最适反应温度为90℃, 最适反应pH值为6.65,且在碱性条件下稳定,具有重要的工业应用前景。     

产腈水合酶菌Nocardia sp.HD9611的发酵条件优化的研究

探讨了种龄、接种量、搅拌转速、pH及补料等因素对Nocardia sp.HD9611产腈水合酶的影响.结果表明,最佳种龄为20h;接种量对酶活的提高没有明显影响,但7.5%时最佳;当搅拌转速低于400r/min时,溶解氧将成为细胞生长的限制因子;发酵过程中pH调节对细胞量及酶活的提高有积极的作用;补料对细胞密度及酶的产生有积极影响,总糖为80g/L时,细胞量31.88g/L,提高了120.8%,酶活为7100U,提高了107.6%.此研究为制定最佳控制策略提供了参考.