中国春孢锈菌属增补

本文对我国春孢锈菌属(形式属)增补了以下9个种：1．腺梗菜春孢锈菌Aecidium adenocauli Syd． 寄主：腺梗菜Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew (菊科Compositae) 2．臭椿春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium ailanthi J．Y．Zhuang sp．nov．寄主：臭椿 Ailanthus altissima Swingle (苦木科Simaroubaceae)3.筋骨草春孢锈菌 Aecidium alugae Syd．寄主：紫背金盘 Ajuga nioponensis Makino (唇形科 Labiatae) 4．八角枫春孢锈菌 Aecidium alangii Hirats．＆ Yosh 寄主：长毛八角枫 Alangium kurzii Craib,瓜木A platanifoHum Harms (八角枫科 Alangiaeeae) 5．紫珠生春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium callicarpivola J Y．Zhuang sp．nov.寄主：杜虹花 Callicarpa oedunculata R,Br．(马鞭草科Verbenaeeae) 6．吴茱萸春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium evodiae J．Y．Zhuang sp．nov． 寄主：吴茱萸 Evodia rutaecarva (Juss．)Benth．(芸香科Rutaceae) 7．杨叶木姜子春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium litseae-populifoliae J．Y．Zhuang sp．Nov．寄主：杨叶木姜子 Litsea povulifolia Gamble (樟科Lauraceae) 8．青海春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium qinghaiense J Y．Zhuang sp．nov． 寄主：莴苣属一种Lactuca sp．(菊科Compo sitae) 9．合掌消春孢锈菌 Aecidium vincetoxici P．Henn．＆ Shirai 寄主：牛皮消 Cynanchum auriculatum Royle (萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae)     

Comparative biogeography of mammals on islands

Insular faunas of terrestrial mammals and bats are examined on a worldwide basis to test the adequacy of equilibrium and historical legacy models as explanations for species-area relationships. Species numbers of bats on islands conform to predictions from equilibrium theory, whereby recurrent immigrations and extinctions influence species richness. By contrast, species numbers of terrestrial mammals on islands result from a historical legacy of very low immigration rates on oceanic islands (the faunas are colonization-limited) and by the fragmentation of once contiguous continental faunas to form relictual populations, which subsequently undergo extinctions, on landbridge islands (the faunas are extinction-limited). This explanation is supported by several lines of evidence: (1) z values (slopes of species-area curves) are lower for non-volant mammals on oceanic islands than for those on landbridge islands, but are the opposite for bats; (2) z values for non-volant mammals are lower than those for bats on oceanic islands, but are higher than those for bats on landbridge islands; and (3) landbridge island faunas are attenuated mainland faunas, whereas those on oceanic islands are ecologically incomplete. No support is found for alternative hypotheses to explain low species-area slopes for terrestrial mammals on oceanic islands.     

黑痣菌属Phyllachora三个中国新记录

报道中国黑痣菌属3个新记录种,即小黑痣菌Phyllachora minutissima、宽椭圆黑痣菌Phyllachora platyelliptica和相邻黑痣菌Phyllachora contigua,寄主分别是白草,苞子草和崖豆藤,对其进行了描述;标本保藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU).     

中国单轴霉分类的研究——Ⅰ.寄生在唇形科和苋科植物上的新种

本文描述了单轴霉属(Plasmopara)霜霉菌的二个新种。它们是:寄生于唇形科植物香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.)Hyland)上的香薷单轴霉(Plasmopara elsholtziae spnov.)及苋科植物牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Bl.)上的牛膝单轴霉(Plasmopara achyranthis sp. nov.)。牛膝单轴霉是本属真菌寄生于苋科植物的首次记录。上述二新种都有拉丁文及汉文描述,还分别讨论了新种与其同科或不同科寄主上的近似种之间的区别。     

海南岛生态破坏分级初探

海南岛是我国仅次于台湾的第二大岛,占我国5×10~4km~2热带面积的7.0%左右,具有得天独厚的光、热等资源。解放三十多年来,海南岛的建设取得了不少成绩,但在开发过程中,也造成一定程度的失误,生态平衡出现某种程度的破坏。随着海南岛的建省,办大特区,大     

Physiological responses of forest trees to heat and drought

The heat wave of summer 2003 was the largest and the most persistent ever experienced in Central Europe and has fuelled concern about the effects of climate change on European ecosystems. Since forests constitute the most important European ecosystems, in this review article we assess current knowledge on the effects of heat and drought on key metabolic processes for growth and productivity of forest trees. In particular, the general consequences of heat and drought on (1) photosynthesis and respiration at the cellular and community level, and (2) on nutrient uptake, partitioning and competition for nutrients are summarized. The latter are a major sink for photosynthetic energy and, therefore, are indirectly but strongly connected to the performance of photosynthesis. In addition, the interaction of heat and drought with stress compensation mechanisms and emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are discussed, since these processes are directly connected to carbon metabolism. Effects on the emission of BVOC are also included because they constitute an important feedback mechanism on ozone formation and, thus, on atmospheric pollution. As far as available, data collected during the 2003 heat wave are included and discussed.     

Rotating wave solutions of the FitzHugh–Nagumo equations

This paper will treat the bifurcation and numerical simulation of rotating wave (RW) solutions of the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) equations. These equations are often used as a simple mathematical model of excitable media. The dependence of the solutions on a uniformly applied current, and also on the diffusion coefficients or domain size will be studied. Ranges of applied current and/or diffusion coefficients in which RW solutions are observed will be described using bifurcation theory and continuation methods. The bifurcation of time-periodic solutions of these FHN equations without diffusion is described first. Similar methods are then used to find RW solutions on a circular ring and numerical simulations are described. These results are then extended to investigate RW solutions on annular rings of finite cross-section. Scaling arguments are used to show how the existence of solutions depends on either the diffusion coefficient or on the size of the region.     

新疆荒漠植物的锈菌Ⅰ.豆科和藜科植物上的单胞锈菌

报道了采自新疆塔里木盆地和准格尔盆地荒漠植物豆科和藜科植物上寄生的单胞锈菌20个种。寄生在疏花骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia上的骆驼刺单胞锈菌Uromyces alhaginis、寄生在木地肤Kochia prostrata上的地肤单胞锈菌Uromyces kochiae和寄生在苦马豆Swainsonia salsula上的苦马豆单胞锈菌Uromyces sphaerophysae为中国新记录;寄生在新疆沙冬青Ammopiptanthus nanus上的欧黄华单胞锈菌Uromyces anagyridis和寄生在长豇豆Vigna sesquipedalis上的豇豆单胞锈菌Uromyces vignae为新疆新记录;盐穗木Halostachys caspica和小蓬Nanophyton erinaceum为藜单胞锈菌Uromyces chenopodii的新寄主。所有研究标本保存在新疆农业大学真菌标本室(HMACC)。     

台湾岛和海南岛兰科植物区系特征比较

为探明台湾岛和海南岛兰科( Orchidaceae)植物区系特征,在充分查阅相关资料的基础上,对2个岛屿兰科植物的物种组成、生活型和分布区类型进行分析,并对这2个岛屿与大陆陆地和周边国家兰科植物的分布特征进行比较和分析。结果表明：2个岛屿的兰科植物共有146属639种,其中,台湾岛有107属446种,海南岛有96属302种。2个岛屿树兰亚科( Subfam. Epidendroideae)的属和种比例均最高;原始的拟兰亚科( Subfam. Apostasioideae)在台湾岛无分布,而在海南岛分布有2属4种。从属和种的数量看,含1种和2~5种的属比例较高,分别占台湾岛兰科植物总属数的43.9%和36.4%,占海南岛兰科植物总属数的45.8%和40.6%;且包含种数多的属的比例较低。从生活型看,2个岛屿地生兰和附生兰的比例较高,分别占台湾岛兰科植物总种数的52.7%和34.3%,占海南岛兰科植物总种数的37.1%和55.3%。从分布区类型看,台湾岛和海南岛的兰科植物分别可划分为11和10个分布区类型,且均以热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布型属和种的比例最高,热带亚洲分布型属和种的比例也较高。从热带成分与温带成分的数量比(R/T)看,台湾岛和海南岛兰科植物属的R/T值分别为3.6和3.3,种的R/T值分别为10.9和11.9,说明2个岛屿的兰科植物均以热带成分为主,台湾岛还包含一定的温带成分。从共有属和共有种看,2个岛屿与大陆陆地的兰科植物共有属均约占各自兰科植物总属数的90.7%,其中,三地共有属有66属;台湾岛与大陆陆地的兰科植物共有种比例较低(46.2%),而海南岛与大陆陆地的兰科植物共有种比例较高(74.9%),说明2个岛屿与大陆陆地兰科植物属的同源性较高,且海南岛兰科植物的大陆性特征更明显。与周边国家相比,2个岛屿与越南的兰科植物共有种比例较高,分别占台湾岛和海南岛兰科植物总种数的33.9%和75.2%。综合分析结果显示：台湾岛和海南岛的兰科植物种类丰富,生活型齐全,且具有明显的热带性质,但台湾岛的兰科植物还表现出一定的温带性质;2个岛屿与大陆陆地兰科植物的亲缘关系较近,但台湾岛兰科植物的特有性更明显。     

黑痣菌属Phyllachora三个中国新记录

报道我国黑痣菌属3个新记录。它们是野黍黑痣菌哥伦比亚变种Phyllachora eriochloae var. colombiensis,野黍黑痣菌原变种 Phyllachora eriochloae var. eriochloae 和禾黑痣菌狗牙根生变种 Phyllachora graminis var. cynodonticola,其寄主分别是云南省的禾本科植物、画眉草属植物和狗牙根。对这些分类单元进行了描述与图解。所有研究标本保藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU)。     

新疆荒漠植物的锈菌Ⅰ.豆科和藜科植物上的单胞锈菌

报道了采自新疆塔里木盆地和准格尔盆地荒漠植物豆科和藜科植物上寄生的单胞锈菌20个种.寄生在疏花骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia 上的骆驼刺单胞锈菌 Uromyces alhaginis、寄生在木地肤 Kochia prostrata 上的地肤单胞锈菌 Uromyces kochiae 和寄生在苦马豆 Swainsonia salsula 上的苦马豆单胞锈菌Uromyces sphaerophysae 为中国新记录;寄生在新疆沙冬青 Ammopiptanthus nanus 上的欧黄华单胞锈菌Uromyces anagyridis 和寄生在长豇豆 Vigna sesquipedalis 上的豇豆单胞锈菌 Uromyces vignae 为新疆新记录;盐穗木Halostachyscaspica和小蓬Nanophyton erinaceum为藜单胞锈菌Uromyces chenopodii的新寄主.所有研究标本保存在新疆农业大学真菌标本室(HMACC).     

激光辐照动物精液所致生物学效应

本文综述了激光辐照动物精液研究的现状和进展,並讨论了激光辐射精液的生物学效应及其机理等问题。     

中国弯孢属分类研究Ⅰ.生于禾本科植物上的一个新种和一个中国新记录种

报道生于禾本科Gramineae植物上的弯孢属真菌一个新种,薏苡生弯孢Curvularia coicicola,和一个中国新记录种,黄茅弯孢 Curvularia heteropogonis Alcorn。新种S形、淡色的分生孢子是区别于其它弯孢种的显著特征。研究标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。     

Surface fine structure of the subfornical organ in the Japanese quail,Coturnix coturnix japonica

The surface ultrastructure of the subfornical organ (SFO) was investigated in the Japanese quail. The SFO consists of a body and a stalk. The body of the SFO can be divided into rostral and caudal parts. On the rostral part, each ependymal cell possesses a short central solitary cilium; clustered cilia are also occasionally seen. Microvilli are abundant. On the caudal part, cells with a solitary cilium are fewer in number, and clustered cilia are rarely found. Microvilli are not as abundant as on the rostral part. In addition, large bulbous protrusions, tufts of small protrusions, deep funnel-shaped hollows, small pinocytotic invaginations and possible cerebrospinal fluid-contacting axons are sporadically observed on the surface of various regions of the body. Each ependymal cell of the stalk has a wide apical surface. A central solitary cilium, microvilli and other structures are observed more rarely on the stalk than on the body, while clustered cilia are not seen on the stalk. These structures are compared with those of the mammalian SFO and further discussed in relation to the possible dipsogenic receptor function for angiotensin II.     

生于菊科植物上的两个链格孢新种

报道生于菊科植物上的两个链格孢新种:瘤链格孢Alternariatuberculata和莴苣链格孢Alternarialactucae。二者分生孢子隔膜均增厚,但瘤链格孢的分生孢子表面具瘤状突起,莴苣链格孢的分生孢子具长的假喙。模式标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Comparative analysis of sensitivity of cholinesterases of different origin to bis-onium reversible inhibitors

Analytical review of the literature data on interaction constant of cholinesterases from different animal (vertebrates and squids) with 45 bis-onium reversible inhibitors forming homologous series with regularly varied structure has been carried out. Values of the competitive, uncompetitive and generalized inhibitor constants are compared. Interspecies and intraspecies differences in sensitivity of ChE are revealed. Results of conformational analysis of the investigated ligand molecules are presented. The data on population of individual conformations are compared with the data on anticholinesterase potency. Conclusions are made on the action mechanism of the investigated compounds and predominant place of their sorption. The presented data are considered from the point of view of comparative biochemistry and in the light of current information about the active center structure of cholinesterases.     

水生甲虫系统发育研究进展

简要回顾了水生甲虫近十几年来各个分类阶元水平系统关系的研究历史,对代表性的水生甲虫类高级阶元系统发育关系进行了比较分析,总结了普遍存在的共识和争议.在研究进展中还介绍了分子生物学方法在水生甲虫系统发育研究中的尝试,虽然其研究结果还未能完全解决上述问题,但必将是对现有研究方法的补充.     

山茱萸蛀果蛾幼虫触角和口器感器的超微形态

【目的】探索寄主范围不同的蛀果蛾科(Carposinidae)幼虫感器之间是否存在差异。【方法】采用扫描电子显微镜观察了为害山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.的单食性蛀果害虫--山茱萸蛀果蛾Carposina coreana Kim老熟幼虫触角和口器感器的超微形态。【结果】山茱萸蛀果蛾幼虫触角柄节未见感器分布, 梗节上有2个刺形感器和3个锥形感器, 鞭节上有1个栓锥感器和3个锥形感器。口器上共有6种感器： 刺形感器数量多, 分布广; 栓锥感器主要分布在颚叶、 下颚须和下唇须上; 指形感器位于内唇和下颚须端节侧缘; 锥形感器和板形感器仅存在于下颚上; 内唇感器为内唇所特有。【结论】蛀果蛾幼虫触角和口器的感器与寄主范围之间未发现严格的对应关系。     

Evolution of mutualism in plant-pollinator interactions on islands

The evolution and ecology of interactions between plants and pollinators are discussed based on the studies on the Izu Islands and mainland Honshu, Japan. The species assemblage is depauperate, and long-tongued pollinators are absent or rare on the islands. Bumblebees, one of the most important pollinators in Japan, are generally absent. Plants depending strongly on bumblebee pollination are absent on Izu Islands, but those depending on varied pollinators including bumblebees display smaller flower sizes and accommodate smaller pollinators than their mainland counterparts. Breeding systems of these species also shift to partial inbreeding, possibly an evolutionary result of the decrease in pollinator availability. Changes in flowering phenology between mainland and island populations also occur. Plants in the islands tend to reproduce vegetatively less frequently and produce greater numbers of smaller seeds than those in the mainland. The possibility of evolution on the side of island pollinator species is also discussed, although there are few data on this topic.