共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
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干细胞概述 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
干细胞是存在于胚胎和成体中的一类特殊细胞,它能长期地自我更新,在特定的条件下具有分化形成多种终末细胞的能力,不同来源的干细胞分化潜能各异。从早期胚胎内细胞团分离的胚胎干细胞能分化形成个体所有的细胞类型,并具有在体外无限增殖的能力,是最具有临床应用前景和研究价值的干细胞之一。在成体各种组织和器官中也存在成体干细胞,用于维持机体结构和功能的稳态。近期有关成体干细胞可塑性的研究和成体组织中多能干细胞存在的证据扩大了人们对成体干细胞分化潜能的认识。干细胞具有的多向分化潜能和自我更新能力使其成为未来再生医学的重要种子细胞,并成为研究人类早期胚层特化和器官形成、药物筛选以及基因治疗的最佳工具。 相似文献
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成体干细胞多能性研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
成体干细胞是存在于机体组织的一类原始状态细胞,它们能够进行自我复制和特异分化,用于维持新陈代谢和创伤修复,年珲来越来越多的实验表明成体干细胞多向分化潜能,一种组织的干细胞可以分化成其他组织类型的细胞。作者介绍了国际上对成体干细胞概念的新看法,讨论了成体干细胞多能性的调控机理及与之相关的研究方法,还简要概括了成体干细胞在理论和临床应用上的重要意义。 相似文献
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干细胞与心肌细胞替代治疗 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胚胎干细胞及来源于骨髓、骨骼肌、血管、肝脏、皮肤、脂肪等组织器官的成体干细胞均有多向分化潜能。胚胎干细胞可分化为3个胚层的所有组织细胞。成体干细胞具有可塑性和转分化的潜能。在一定条件下,这些干细胞可被诱导分化为心肌细胞。成年心脏可能存在心肌干细胞,具有增殖和分化为包括跳动性心肌细胞的多种细胞的潜能。因此,干细胞可用于心肌细胞替代治疗,以替代死亡的心肌细胞,改善心脏功能,防治心肌梗塞后心衰、减少心肌重构等症状。本文对干细胞治疗心肌梗塞有关进展及问题作一综述。 相似文献
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在成体的许多组织中发现了多能干细胞,这些干细胞可以进行自我复制,参与组织的正常修复。神经干细胞在体外能分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞,并具有多向分化潜能。成体神经干细胞和胚胎干细胞都能分化成成体神经系统中的各种神经细胞。神经干细胞具有自我更新能力,因此神经干细胞可以应用于神经损伤或者神经疾病的修复。本文概述了神经干细胞体外分离培养的方法及其生长影响因子。 相似文献
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干细胞是一类具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的细胞,其处于未定向分化状态并具有增殖能力.成体干细胞多向分化潜能,安全性好而在临床应用报道逐渐增多,本文总结了1998-2008年的成体干细胞临床应用的实例报道,以期为临床科研人员和患者提供信息支持. 相似文献
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成体干细胞来源广泛,无伦理争议,成为近几年的关注热点。研究表明以骨髓来源的间充质干细胞为代表的成体干细胞具有较强的多系分化潜能,可以广泛的参与包括肺在内的受损组织的修复与重建。在动物实验中已观察到,供体来源的成体干细胞可以定向分化为受损肺组织的多种功能细胞,并且有抑制纤维化等病变产生的能力。在本文中,回顾了近年来与肺损伤重建和疾病治疗相关的干细胞研究的最新进展,并探讨了成体干细胞治疗肺疾病与损伤的临床应用前景。 相似文献
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成体干细胞的可塑性:横向分化还是细胞融合? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来研究显示成体干细胞(adult stem cells)具有可塑性(plasticity),不仅可以生成它们所在组织的成熟细胞,而且在特定环境下能分化成其他组织类型细胞,这种跨系或跨胚层分化现象称为横向分化或转分化(transdifferentiation)。横向分化已为成体干细胞的研究和临床应用包括组织器官损伤的修复提供了新的思路和应用前景。然而,最近的一些研究进展又引出不同的解释,即成体干细胞的可塑性是由于细胞融合(cellfusion)的结果。在此,就成体干细胞的可塑性、横向分化、细胞融合等方面研究作一综述。 相似文献
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Passier R 《Hormone research》2003,60(Z3):11-14
Stem cells can give rise to more stem cells or differentiate into more specialized cells. In the last 5 years not only have researchers succeeded in isolating human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines but also in identifying adult stem cells with possible pluripotent differentiation capacity. The shortage of donor organs or tissues for regenerative medicine has further stimulated research into the capacity of stem cells to differentiate into different cells and their use in replacement therapy in diseases such as Parkinson's, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction. Current problems and recent progress with respect to hES cells and their potential use for clinical applications will be discussed. The potential of adult stem cells for differentiation and tissue repair is reviewed elsewhere. 相似文献
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成体干细胞可塑性的事实、质疑和展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
成体干细胞的可塑性是指存在于成年组织或器官中的不成熟细胞跨胚层分化的一种能力。近年来相关研究很多,有人认为成体干细胞具有可塑性,如造血干细胞可以分化为神经外胚层细胞和内胚层细胞:有人对其持怀疑态度,认为成年造血干细胞发育可塑性证据不足,成体干细胞不能跨胚层分化。由于分离纯化、检测手段等的局限,大多数研究均存在这样或那样的不足和误区,彻底研究清楚还有很长的路要走。 相似文献
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Abstract. Stem cell research is now a very broad field encompassing cells derived from all stages of life from the embryonic stem cells of the early blastocyst through to the adult stem cells of many tissues of the body. Adult stem cells from a variety of tissues are proving to be pluripotent and can differentiate into cell types different from the tissues from which they derive. Pre-clinical animal models indicate that adult stem cells do not cause tumours, not even, teratomas when transplanted. These properties, combined with the possibility of autologous transplantation, indicate significant advantages over embryonic stem cells in many proposed clinical applications. 相似文献
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Enrique Roche Miriam Ramírez Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo Guadalupe Gómez-Mauricio Jesús Usón 《Central European Journal of Biology》2007,2(4):449-480
Stem cells have been considered as a useful tool in Regenerative Medicine due to two main properties: high rate of self-renewal,
and their potential to differentiate into all cell types present in the adult organism. Depending on their origin, these cells
can be grouped into embryonic or adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner cell mass of blastocyst,
which appears during embryonic day 6 of human development. Adult stem cells are present within various tissues of the organism
and are responsible for their turnover and repair. In this sense, these cells open new therapeutic possibilities to treat
degenerative diseases such as type 1 diabetes. This pathology is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in the lack of insulin production. Insulin injection, however, cannot mimic β-cell function, thus causing the development of important complications. The possibility of obtaining β-cell surrogates from either embryonic or adult stem cells to restore insulin secretion will be discussed in this review. 相似文献
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Eric Domingos Mariano Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie Guilherme Lepski 《World journal of stem cells》2015,7(2):477-482
Stem cells represent a promising step for the future of regenerative medicine. As they are able to differentiate into any cell type, tissue or organ, these cells are great candidates for treatments against the worst diseasesthat defy doctors and researchers around the world. Stem cells can be divided into three main groups:(1) embryonic stem cells;(2) fetal stem cells; and(3) adult stem cells. In terms of their capacity for proliferation, stem cells are also classified as totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent. Adult stem cells, also known as somatic cells, are found in various regions of the adult organism, such as bone marrow, skin, eyes, viscera and brain. They can differentiate into unipotent cells of the residing tissue, generally for the purpose of repair. These cells represent an excellent choice in regenerative medicine, every patient can be a donor of adult stem cells to provide a more customized and efficient therapy against various diseases, in other words, they allow the opportunity of autologous transplantation. But in order to start clinical trials and achieve great results, we need to understand how these cells interact with the host tissue, how they can manipulate or be manipulated by the microenvironment where they will be transplanted and for how long they can maintain their multipotent state to provide a full regeneration. 相似文献