老年社区获得性肺炎患者TNF-α和sTREM-1的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨老年社区获得性肺炎患者TNF-α和sTREM-1表达水平及其临床意义。方法:从我院选择48例社区获得性肺炎患者为CAP组(重症组和普通组),另选取对照组48例。收集两组患者的血浆及BALF,分别收集重症组患者住院后1天、4天的血浆和BALF,对比各组sTREM-1和TNF-α的表达水平。结果:对照组TNF-α和sTREM-1的表达水平均低于CAP组(P0.05);重症患者的TNF-α和sTREM-1表达水平高于普通组和健康对照组(P0.05)。重症患者TNF-α表达水平与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),而s TREM-1表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TNF-α和sTREM-1表达水平与CAP的发病过程密切相关,其表达水平与CAP的严重程度呈正相关。     

髓系细胞触发受体-1在脂多糖急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织中的表达及其与内质网应激和炎性反应的关系

目的:研究髓系细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)在脂多糖急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠肺组织中的表达及其与内质网应激和炎性反应的关系。方法:选择成年雄性SD大鼠100只作为研究对象,将其分成ALI组(n=60)、对照1组(n=15)、观察组(n=20)和对照2组(n=5)。对比ALI组和对照1组TREM-1、内质网应激表达及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平、Smith评分,对比观察组和对照2组的CHOP mRNA、GRP mRNA表达情况,并分析TREM-1与内质网应激、炎性反应和Smith评分的相关性。结果:ALI组6h、12h、1d及2d时间点的TREM-1 mRNA、CHOP mRNA、GRP78 mRNA、TREM-1、TNF-α水平及Smith评分均高于对照1组,且ALI组随着时间的推移,TREM-1 mRNA、CHOP mRNA、GRP78 mRNA、TREM-1、TNF-α水平及Smith评分均呈升高的趋势,在1d时达到最高,然后呈下降趋势(P0.05)。观察组6h、12h、1d及2d时间点的CHOP mRNA、GRP mRNA表达高于对照2组,且观察组随着时间的推移CHOP mRNA、GRP mRNA表达均呈升高的趋势,在1d时达到最高,然后呈下降趋势(P0.05)。根据Spearman法分析相关性发现,TREM-1 mRNA及TREM-1水平均与CHOP mRNA、GRP78 mRNA及Smith评分呈正相关,且TREM-1水平与TNF-α呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:TREM-1在脂多糖ALT大鼠肺组织中的表达较高,且参与ALT肺部炎性反应,激活TREM-1可增强巨噬细胞内质网应激。     

外周血单个核细胞TNF-α 基因表达与哮喘相关表型*

目的:探讨外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)TNF-α基因mRNA表达与哮喘严重程度、临床病理及相关影响因素的关系。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测67例哮喘病人和25例健康对照PBMC中TNF-α mRNA表达水平,分析其与哮喘控制程度、血浆TNF-α浓度、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)、血浆总IgE浓度和哮喘相关影响因素的关系。结果:经方差分析和SNK-q检验,哮喘未控制组PBMC中TNF-α mRNA表达水平高于正常组(P<0.01)、控制组(P<0.01)和部分控制组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示哮喘病人TNF-α mRNA表达与血浆TNF-α浓度和EOS%呈正相关,相关系数分别为r=0.584(P<0.01)和r=0.29(P<0.05),有吸烟史的哮喘病人TNF-α mRNA表达水平高于非吸烟病人(P<0.05)。结论:哮喘病人PBMC中TNF-α mRNA表达水平与哮喘的控制程度呈负相关,与血浆TNF-α浓度呈正相关,PBMC中TNF-α mRNA表达水平与血浆TNF-α浓度可作为哮喘控制程度的参考指标。     

纳洛酮联合依达拉奉治疗重症脑梗死的临床疗效及对血浆TNF-α及IL-6水平的影响

目的:探讨纳洛酮联合依达拉奉治疗重症脑梗死的临床疗效及对血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL-6)水平的影响。方法:选择2014年10月至2016年10月我院接诊的92例重症脑梗死患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46)。两组均给予降脂、控制血糖、血压、降颅压、维持水电解质、营养脑细胞等常规治疗。对照组在此基础上给予依达拉奉的静脉滴注,剂量30 mg,2次/d;观察组在对照组的基础上给予纳洛酮的静脉滴注,剂量2 mg,1次/d,均连续治疗14 d。比较两组临床疗效及治疗前后血浆TNF-α、IL-6、NIHSS评分、Barthel指数的变化以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗14d后,观察组临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平、NIHSS评分均显著下降(P0.05),Barthel指数明显上升(P0.05),且观察组血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平、NIHSS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),Barthel指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗过程中均未有严重不良反应发生。结论:纳洛酮联合依达拉奉治疗重症脑梗死患者的临床效果显著,可促进神经功能恢复,且安全性高,可能与其有效降低血浆血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平有关。     

Visfatin、IL-6、TNF-α与2型糖尿病的相关研究

目的:探讨血浆visfatin、IL-6、TNF-α与2型糖尿病的关系。方法:2型糖尿病患者60例,正常对照组30例。根据体重指数分为肥胖组和非肥胖组。检测空腹血浆胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、血脂、血压、visfatin、TNF-α、白介素-6等。计算体重指数、腰臀比值及稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:2型糖尿病组血浆visfatin、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05);2型糖尿病组与正常肥胖组比较,糖尿病非肥胖组visfatin(301.60±58.07)明显升高,糖尿病肥胖组visfatin(336.68±37.61)、TNF-α(3.58±1.10)明显升高(P<0.05)。多元线性相关分析表明,在肥胖的2型糖尿病患者中血浆TNF-α与糖化血红蛋白显著正相关,血浆IL-6与血糖(FPG)显著正相关,血浆visfatin与腰臀比值(WHR)显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:visfatin、IL-6、TNF-α的变化可能对2型糖尿病的发生、发展具有一定的作用。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清sICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18及TNF-α水平的表达及临床意义

目的:检测乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年6月我院收治的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者82例作为研究组,同期健康体检者80例作为对照组。比较研究组和对照组及不同Child-Pugh分级乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α、肝功能指标血浆谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)水平,并分析各指标之间的相关性。结果:研究组血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α和血浆ALT水平分别为(820.78±85.73)ng/mL、(41.71±13.24)ng/mL、(119.85±45.56)pg/mL、(52.23±22.24)ng/L、(155.20±56.27)U/L,显著高于对照组的(175.51±41.82)ng/mL、(6.67±2.23)ng/mL、(68.71±23.24)pg/mL、(5.65±1.28)ng/L、(15.65±5.23)U/L(P0.05),血浆ALB水平显著低于对照组[(27.69±4.32)g/L vs(45.16±5.65)g/L](P0.05)。随Child-Pugh分级的升高,乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α和血浆ALT水平逐渐升高,血浆ALB水平逐渐降低(P0.05)。乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18及TNF-α水平与血浆ALT水平呈正相关(P均0.05),与血浆ALB水平呈负相关(P均0.05),乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1与IL-6、IL-18及TNF-α呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论:乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α水平异常升高,与Child-Pugh分级和肝功能有关,检测血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α可能为乙型肝炎肝硬化的诊断和病情严重程度的判断提供依据。     

TNF-α, NF-KBp65, PAI-1 在妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清及胎盘组织中的表达 变化及其意义

目的:探究TNF-α、NF-KBp65以及PAI-1在妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清和胎盘组织中的表达变化及其临床意义。方法:选取自47例定期产检并且住院分娩的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇作为观察组,再选取同期分娩的47例正常孕妇作为对照组,比较两组孕妇血清和胎盘组织中TNF-α、NF-KBp65和PAI-1的表达水平,并分析血清中TNF-α、NF-KBp65、PAI-1表达水平的相关性。结果:观察组孕妇血浆的TNF-α和PAI-1表达水平明显较高,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.001)。妊娠期糖尿病患者血浆中PAI-1表达水平和TNF-α表达水平呈正相关关系(r=0.843,P0.001)。观察组孕妇的空腹-OGTT、1h-OGTT、2h-OGTT、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖以及胰岛素抵抗指数均明显高于对照组(P均0.001)。胰岛素抵抗指数与妊娠期糖尿病患者血浆中TNF-α的表达水平相关性最高(Beta=0.769);口服葡萄糖耐受实验中1-h的血糖水平与PAI的表达水平相关性最高(Beta=0.637)。观察组孕妇的TNF-α、NF-KBp65和PAI-1的阳性率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001,=0.039,0.007)。结论:血清和胎盘组织中的TNF-α、NF-KBp65和PAI-1可能参与了妊娠期糖尿病的发生与发展。     

膝关节炎患者关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平的相关性

目的探讨膝关节炎患者关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平的相关性。方法选取2016年8月至2018年8月于我院进行治疗的70例膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者作为试验组,参照Michel Lequesen推荐的膝关节炎严重性判断标准将膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者分为极严重组、非常严重组、严重组、中度组和轻度组。选取同期来我院体检中心进行体检的健康者50例为对照组。采用全自动生化免疫分析仪测定血清IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平。结果试验组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。极严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于非常严重组、严重组、中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。非常严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于严重组、中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平与膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高,并且病情越严重,IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平越高。     

雌激素和孕激素受体在粉刺性乳痈的表达及意义

目的:探讨粉刺性乳痈患者雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达及临床意义。方法:选择我院2017年1月～2018年12月收治的80例粉刺性乳痈患者,采用免疫组化法检测其乳腺病变组织ER、PR的表达,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清白介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、IL-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平,分析乳腺病变组织ER、PR的表达与血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平的相关性。结果:与普通乳腺炎组、乳腺导管扩张组比较,肉芽肿组、脓肿组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显升高,与肉芽肿组比较,脓肿组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平亦明显升高(P0.05)。普通乳腺炎组、乳腺导管扩张组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。普通乳腺炎组、乳腺导管扩张组、肉芽肿组、脓肿组ER、PR的表达水平依次降低(P0.05)。普通乳腺炎组、乳腺导管扩张组ER、PR的表达与血清IL-1β、IL-6水平均呈显著负相关,而与血清TNF-α水平无显著相关性(P0.05);肉芽肿组、脓肿组ER、PR表达与血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:粉刺性乳痈患者ER、PR呈低表达或失表达,且与炎症因子及病情严重程度具有良好相关性。     

限制性液体复苏对失血性休克复苏患者血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平的影响

目的:探究限制性液体复苏对失血性休克复苏患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响,为临床治疗失血性休克选择液体复苏方式提供依据。方法:选择2010年1月~2015年6月期间,我院收治出血性休克患者63例为研究对象;采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(32例)和对照组(31例),观察组患者给予限制性液体复苏,对照组患者给予传统充分复苏;观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平的变化。结果:观察组患者给予复苏液体的输入量为(1.95±0.35)L,对照组患者给予输液量为(3.61±0.56)L,观察组患者给予的复苏液输入量显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前两组患者血浆TNF-α及IL-6水平不存在显著差异(P0.05);治疗后两组患者血浆TNF-α及IL-6水平均显著上升,且观察组患者血浆TNF-α及IL-6水平均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:限制性液体复苏能够明显降低失血性休克患者的出血量,稳定机体血流动力学,保证机体重要脏器的血流灌注,有利于改善患者血浆TNF-α和IL-6水平,提高治疗效果,改善预后。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Acidophilic and acid-tolerant fungi and yeasts

Fungi have not been systematically studied from mines and mine drainage waters, even though they are often encountered there. This paper provides a key from literature sources and lists morphological characteristics and habitat information for the 81 fungal species that have been collected or identified in pH <4 environments.