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J. M. Kranabetter B. J. Hawkins M. D. Jones S. Robbins T. Dyer T. Li 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(23):5992-6005
Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal communities may be shaped by both deterministic and stochastic processes, potentially influencing ecosystem development and function. We evaluated community assembly processes for EcM fungi of Pseudotsuga menziesii among 12 sites up to 400 km apart in southwest British Columbia (Canada) by investigating species turnover (β‐diversity) in relation to soil nitrogen (N) availability and physical distance. We then examined functional traits for an N‐related niche by quantifying net fluxes of , and protons on excised root tips from three contrasting sites using a microelectrode ion flux measurement system. EcM fungal communities were well aligned with soil N availability and pH, with no effect of site proximity (distance–decay curve) on species assemblages. Species turnover was significant (β1/2 = 1.48) along soil N gradients, with many more Tomentella species on high N than low N soils, in contrast to Cortinarius species. Ammonium uptake was greatest in the spring on the medium and rich sites and averaged over 190 nmol/m2/s for Tomentella species. The lowest uptake rates of were by nonmycorrhizal roots of axenically grown seedlings (10 nmol/m2/s), followed by Cortinarius species (60 nmol/m2/s). EcM roots from all sites displayed only marginal uptake of nitrate (8.3 nmol/m2/s). These results suggest uptake capacity is an important functional trait influencing the assembly of EcM fungal communities. The diversity of EcM fungal species across the region arguably provides critical belowground adaptations to organic and inorganic N supply that are integral to temperate rainforest ecology. 相似文献
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为揭示中国辐射污染区真菌多样性,了解辐射污染对辐射区土壤中真菌群落分布的影响。以中国辐射污染区某污染源为圆心,在其半径50 km范围内采集各类样品54份,依据其辐射剂量合并为高、中、低三组9份样品,采用不同处理方法及多种培养基对辐射区内真菌进行了分离筛选。共分离出真菌209株,通过形态学观察和鉴定,确定其分属于交链孢霉(Alternaria)、离蠕孢属(Bipolaris)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、Westerdykella、短梗霉属(Aureobasidium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、Kernia、毛壳属(Chaetomium)、葡萄穗霉属(Stachybotrys)、座孢霉属(Myrothecium)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella)、红酵母属(Rhodotorula)、隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus),共计16个属,其中曲霉属、隐球酵母属、青霉属和镰孢霉属菌株为主要菌群,分别占分离株的22.5%、19.1%、17.2%和11.0%。同时发现,辐射污染区真菌的群落丰富度及多样性明显受辐射污染程度的影响,各类菌株的分布呈现一定的分布规律。本研究首次分析了中国辐射污染区真菌的分布和多样性,并收集了大量辐射污染区真菌资源,为进一步研究该区域真菌耐辐射特性及探讨真菌耐辐射机理提供参考。 相似文献
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研究外来植物不同程度入侵对区域群落结构和植物群落物种多样性的影响对评价其对生态系统的危害具有重要意义。以入侵植物以意大利苍耳(Xanthium italicum)为主要研究对象,选择意大利苍耳危害较明显且分布面积较大的中国新疆乌鲁木齐市米东区为研究区域进行植物样方调查,以意大利苍耳和其共生的本地植物为切入点,以物种多样性指数、群落稳定性、群落可入侵性、影响程度指数、入侵植物的竞争优势和入侵强度来探究不同入侵程度下的本地植物群落物种多样性和群落稳定性的变化。结果表明:(1)与未入侵地相比,意大利苍耳轻度入侵显著增加了本地植物群落的物种多样性(P ＜ 0.05),而重度入侵显著降低了本地植物群落的物种多样性(P ＜ 0.05)。(2)在意大利苍耳入侵的群落中,群落稳定性由轻度入侵水平到重度入侵水平降低了25%,而群落可入侵性、意大利苍耳的竞争优势指数和入侵强度指数分别增加了77%、79%和83%。(3)在轻度入侵水平下,意大利苍耳对本植物群落物种多样性、群落稳定性和群落物种数的影响程度指数 ＜ 0,产生了积极影响;相反,在轻中度和重度入侵水平下意大利苍耳对本植物群落物种多样性、群落稳定性和群落物种数的影响程度指数 ＞ 0,产生了负面影响。(4)本地植物群落多样性与群落稳定性均呈正相关,但与群落可入侵性呈负相关(P ＜ 0.05)。(5)Shannon-Wiener指数对群落的稳定性的直接通经系数最大,为0.828;Simpson''s指数对群落可入侵性的直接通经系数最大,为0.932。由此可见,意大利苍耳在中度和重度入侵对植物群落结构产生巨大影响,而作为\"一带一路\"的核心和枢纽地带的新疆,将会对其脆弱的生态系统和土著物种的多样性造成不可估量的影响。应在入侵初期对其进行控制与铲除,防止意大利苍耳等有害外来入侵种的入侵和进一步扩散与蔓延。 相似文献
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外来植物入侵严重威胁着入侵地本土植物多样性和生态系统功能, 认识外来物种的入侵机制有助于提高对入侵植物的防控能力。本文以攀西地区云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)林下外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)为研究对象, 基于大量野外群落调查, 从群落可入侵性入手, 分析了环境因子和群落物种多样性、谱系多样性等群落生态学特征对紫茎泽兰入侵的影响。结果表明: 海拔、坡向和火烧强度等环境因子和冠层郁闭度、灌木层盖度等生物因子对研究区紫茎泽兰入侵强度没有显著影响(P > 0.05); 但群落灌木层物种多样性和草本层组分种与紫茎泽兰的亲缘关系显著影响紫茎泽兰的入侵强度(P < 0.05), 说明灌木层对光照等环境资源的占用和草本层(同层)物种对相似资源的竞争能够在很大程度上抑制紫茎泽兰的入侵。 相似文献
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分布于铜尾矿废弃地的裸地表面及维管植物群落中的生物土壤结皮在尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中扮演重要角色。利用分子生物学技术探讨了不同维管植物下以及不同演替阶段的生物土壤结皮中真菌的多样性及其群落结构的变化。结果表明:生物土壤结皮中的真菌主要包括子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota),其中子囊菌门占绝对优势,其相对丰度为55.12%—87.73%,其次为担子菌门相对丰度为12.27%—43.86%;不同样本真菌群落结构在门、纲、目以及属的水平存在显著差异;生物土壤结皮中真菌群落结构和多样性的差异与维管植物群落类型以及演替阶段不同的生物土壤结皮的类型有关,与基质化学性质之间无显著的相关性。 相似文献
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山西庞泉沟自然保护区森林群落物种多样性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在对山西庞泉沟自然保护区森林群落进行数量分类的基础上,运用丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数对保护区内森林群落的物种多样性进行了研究,并对森林群落各层片之间的物种多样性进行了相关性分析.结果表明:(1)森林群落15个群丛的丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数能很好地反映各群丛多样性变化规律.(2)各群丛的丰富度指数和物种多样性指数总体上呈现草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层,草本层的均匀度最小,大多数森林群落乔木层和灌木层的均匀度比较接近.(3) Patrick指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数以及Pielou指数和Alatalo指数之间表现极显著差异性(P＜0.01).(4)群丛3(华北落叶松-土庄绣线菊+美蔷薇-东方草莓群丛)灌木层和草本层之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.643,P＜0.05);群丛8(白桦+山杨-灰栒子+美蔷薇-中亚苔草群丛)乔木层和灌木层呈显著负相关(r=-0.458,P＜0.05),灌木层和草本层则呈显著正相关(r=0.404,P＜0.05);群丛11(白杄-中亚苔草+烟管头草)的乔木层和草本层之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.949,P＜0.05). 相似文献
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为探明杉木人工林土壤真菌遗传多样性及其与环境因子的关系,采用454测序技术对土壤真菌的遗传多样性进行了分析,测定了黄丰桥林场杉木人工林土壤真菌的遗传多样性与环境因子的相关性。试验结果表明:①不同代数、林龄的杉木人工林土壤理化性质及林下植被多样性均有显著差异。第1代杉木幼林林土壤肥力较高,有机质、全N、速效K的均值分别为88.02g/kg、2.56 g/kg、84.96 mg/kg均高于第2代和第3代杉木幼林林,速效N和含水量的均值分别为22.86 mg/kg和26.28%低于其他样地。杉木幼林林下植被多样性最为丰富。②通过454测序技术分析发现第1代杉木幼林真菌Ace丰富度指数、Chao丰富度指数及群落遗传多样性指数均大于第2代杉木幼林和第3代杉木幼林。杉木人工林土壤中粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)真菌为优势种群。不同栽培代数杉木人工林的真菌群落存在差异,其中块菌科(Tuberaceae)为第2代和第3代杉木林特有真菌,而不同发育阶段的杉木人工林的真菌群落差异不明显。③经RDA分析,杉木人工林土壤主要真菌群落受含水量、有机质、速效P、速效K影响较大。土壤真菌群落遗传多样性Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与林下植被多样性、土壤全N显著正相关,土壤真菌Chao指数与土壤真菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、土壤全N含量显著正相关。本研究表明不同栽培代数杉木人工林的真菌群落存在差异,土壤真菌群落与环境因子之间具有相关性。 相似文献
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土壤真菌群落对维持生态系统功能至关重要,然而氮沉降等环境变化如何影响其稳定性尚不清楚。利用高通量测序和网络分析,探究了连续三年不同氮添加水平对土壤真菌群落特征的影响,并通过计算“内聚力”量化连通性以预测真菌网络的稳定性。结果表明,真菌多样性及其群落稳定性对氮添加的响应存在明显的时间效应。相比于前2年,第3年氮添加改变了真菌β多样性,且低氮添加显著提高了0—10 cm土层真菌Chao1和Shannon指数。网络分析发现,随着氮添加量的增加真菌网络正连接比例增加,平均聚类系数和模块性降低。内聚力分析表明,第3年高氮添加显著降低了两个土层的真菌负：正内聚力的绝对值,而低氮添加提高或不改变两者的比值。这说明高剂量氮添加将通过破坏真菌群落的稳定性影响其生态系统服务功能。研究为评价不同水平氮添加下森林土壤真菌群落稳定性提供了新的见解,对评价氮沉降的生态效应具有科学意义。 相似文献
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Cheng Gao Nan-Nan Shi Yue-Xing Liu Kabir G. Peay Yong Zheng Qiong Ding Xiang-Cheng Mi Ke-Ping Ma Tesfaye Wubet François Buscot Liang-Dong Guo 《Molecular ecology》2013,22(12):3403-3414
Microbial diversity is generally far higher than plant diversity, but the relationship between microbial diversity and plant diversity remains enigmatic. To shed light on this problem, we examined the diversity of a key guild of root-associated microbes, that is, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi along a plant diversity gradient in a Chinese subtropical forest. The results indicated that EM fungal diversity was positively correlated with host plant diversity. Furthermore, this relationship was best predicted by host genus-level diversity, rather than species-level diversity or family-level diversity. The generality of this finding was extended beyond our study system through the analyses of 100 additional studies of EM fungal communities from tropical and temperate forests. Here as well, EM fungal lineage composition was significantly affected by EM plant diversity levels, and some EM fungal lineages were co-associated with some host plant genera. These results suggest a general diversity maintenance mechanism for host-specific microbes based on higher order host plant phylogenetic diversity. 相似文献
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泰山丛枝菌根真菌群落结构特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
2007年对泰山植被根围内丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌群落组成、数量、分布及其与植物多样性的关系进行了研究。从泰山傲徕峰、黑龙潭库区等样地共分离出4属16种AM真菌:球囊霉属Glomus 9种、无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 4种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 2种和盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora1种。其中,球囊霉属Glomus及聚球囊霉Glomus fasciculatum的孢子密度、相对多度、分布频度和重要值均最高,分别为泰山植被区根围内AM真菌优势属和优势种。各样地之间Sorenson相似系数在0.60和0.85之间。植被数量与孢子密度(r=0.80,p0.01)、植物种的丰富度与AM真菌种的丰富度(r=0.77,p0.01)以及与孢子密度(r=0.59,p0.01)均呈极显著正相关关系。研究结果表明植物多样性对于提高AM真菌多样性发挥极为重要的作用。 相似文献
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藓结皮作为干旱半干旱地区生物土壤结皮发育演替的稳定阶段, 参与了荒漠生态系统的物质循环和能量流动, 为微生物多样性的维持提供了微生境。了解藓结皮植物-土壤连续体不同粒径土壤微生物群落多样性对认识藓结皮的生态过程具有重要意义。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq技术对藓结皮植物-土壤连续体以及结皮下层不同粒径土壤微生物多样性和群落结构进行了分析。测序结果得到10,730个细菌变异序列(ASVs)和3,035个真菌ASVs。藓结皮附着土细菌群落α多样性指数低于结皮下层, 而藓结皮附着土真菌群落α多样性指数显著高于结皮下层和结皮抖落土。藓结皮层常见的细菌门有放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、蓝细菌门、拟杆菌门, 结皮下层土壤常见的细菌门有放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门, 藓结皮附着土细菌群落变形菌门和拟杆菌门相对多度高于不同粒径藓结皮抖落土及藓结皮下层土。藓结皮层和藓结皮下层常见的真菌门有子囊菌门和担子菌门。藓结皮附着土与不同粒径抖落土在细菌群落微枝形杆菌属(Microvirga)、红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)、苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、芽生球菌属(Blastococcus)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、Rubellimicrobium、贫养杆菌属(Modestobacter)相对多度存在显著差异, 藓结皮附着土与不同粒径抖落土在真菌群落曲霉属(Aspergillus)、Knufia、Darksidea、粉褶蕈属(Entoloma)、Monosporascus、Bhatiellae、亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、Cladosporium、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)相对多度上存在显著差异。藓结皮附着土细菌和真菌共现性网络比不同粒径藓结皮抖落土和藓结皮下层土细菌和真菌共现性网络更复杂且连通性更好。这些研究结果有助于在微环境尺度探究生物土壤结皮参与荒漠生态系统生物地球化学循环的微生物多样性的变化规律。 相似文献
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Dave Kelly 《Biotropica》2011,43(1):77-83
The Janzen–Connell hypothesis proposes that density dependent seed and seedling mortality, combined with increasing seed and seedling survival away from the parent tree, together promote regular spacing of species and thus α diversity. This hypothesis has rarely been tested in tropical Africa, and rarely in montane forests anywhere. We tested this hypothesis using a combination of field experiments and observations in the most floristically diverse dry submontane forest in Nigeria. We investigated distance effects on seedling herbivory, seedling survival and seedling height growth. We found a significant decrease in herbivory with distance from conspecific adult trees for all three species of experimentally planted seedlings (Entandrophragma angolense, Deinbollia pinnata and Sterculia setigera), and also for naturally occurring seedlings of Pouteria altissima but not of Newtonia buchananii or Isolona pleurocarpa. The relative density of large seedlings/saplings of P. altissima, N. buchananii and I. pleurocarpa increased significantly at greater distance from conspecific adult trees; however, we found no significant distance effect on survival or height growth over 3 mo for all three experimentally planted species. Taken together, our results are some of the first to show that Janzen–Connell effects occur on the African continent and in particular montane tropical forest and suggest that such effects may be pantropical. 相似文献
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Carla M. D'Antonio R. Flint Hughes Michelle Mack Derek Hitchcock Peter M. Vitousek 《植被学杂志》1998,9(5):699-712
Abstract. Non-native perennial grasses form 30% of the live understory biomass in seasonally dry, submontane forests in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, yet their effects on native species are unknown. We removed these grasses from plots of 20 m × 20 m in 1991 and maintained removal and control areas over the next three years. Two fast growing shrub species, Dodonaea viscosa and Osteomeles anthylidifolia, increased in size significantly more in removal areas than in controls. Individuals of the most abundant shrub species, Styphelia tameiameia showed no net growth response to grass removal. They did, however, change their architecture: many branches along the mid and upper sections of the main trunk died and a proliferation of new leaves and shoots occurred in the lower 40 cm of trunk. Basal diameter increase was very small in Metrosideros polymorpha, the dominant tree species in these sites. All species except Styphelia had significantly increased leaf tissue nitrogen in removal plots by 18 months after removal when compared to shrubs in control areas suggesting that removal plot shrubs had greater access to soil nitrogen. Available soil-N pools, which were generally higher in the removal plots, support this interpretation. Light levels near the soil surface were also higher where grasses were removed than where they were present which may have contributed to increased shrub growth. By contrast, soil moisture was consistently lower where grasses were removed than where they were still present. Shrub tissue carbon isotope values were consistent with the interpretation that shrubs in removal plots had less rather than more water available to them. Hence, the increased growth observed in removal plot shrubs could not be due to release from moisture competition. Lastly, our results showed that seedlings of all woody species except Metrosideros were significantly more abundant in removal plots at both one and three years after removal and initially high sapling mortality was balanced by high recruitment into the sapling class. We believe that over time this will result in increased densities of native shrubs if grasses are kept out. With the presence of grasses, shrub growth in these woodlands is reduced and biomass is shifting towards grasses. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Plant Ecology》2025,18(2)
Plant root-associated fungal communities play a pivotal role in enhancing plant growth, nutrient absorption, disease resistance and environmental stress adaptation. Despite their importance, the assembly processes of these communities remain inadequately explored. In this study, we utilizzzed high-throughput sequencing, co-occurrence network analysis and null models to examine the diversity, composition, interaction patterns and assembly mechanisms of the root-associated fungal communities of Mussaenda pubescens, a drought-tolerant shrub that thrives in stressful environments and is widely used for Chinese medicine. Our findings revealed pronounced regional and ecological niche-based variations in the diversity and assembly of total fungi and essential functional guilds, including saprotrophs, symbiotrophs and plant pathogens. Significantly, the fungal diversity of plant pathogens decreased with elevation, whereas total fungi, saprotrophs and symbiotrophs were minimally affected. Stochastic processes, such as dispersal limitation, played a significant role in fungal assembly. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties, climatic conditions and spatial variables emerged as critical determinants of fungal community structure. This study enriches our understanding of the dynamics governing root-associated fungal community assemblies and underscores the factors essential for sustaining fungal diversity. 相似文献
16.
通过研究陕西省宝鸡市千渭之会国家湿地公园不同植被类型的底泥中真菌群落结构、多样性及功能差异,为千渭之会国家湿地公园水生植物的优化选择提供依据。以芦苇、香蒲、白茅、水葱、荷花等典型湿地植物底泥样本为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对底泥样本DNA的ITS1片段进行基因测序,获取底泥中真菌群落结构组成并预测其功能信息,测定样本理化性质及酶活性。结果表明,测序共获得11 778个OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units),划分为34个门、58个纲、134个目、244个科、599个属;真菌群落以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为主;芦苇底泥样品的真菌多样性最低;子囊菌门的相对丰度与蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),担子菌门的相对丰度与总碳、总有机碳含量以及蔗糖酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05);底泥真菌群落主要包括3类营养型和6类互有交叉营养型功能菌群。探讨了湿地中不同植物群落的底泥中真菌群落结构、多样性以及潜在功能的差异,分析相关理化性质的影响,以期为筛选人工湿地植物、有效利用湿地资源和生态修复提供参考。 相似文献
17.
盐生植物种类及其所具有的不同耐盐调节方式影响着根际微生物群落的结构与组成。为明确不同类型盐生植物根际与非根际土壤中真菌群落结构与组成的差异及其与土壤环境间的相互关系,该研究采集了黄河三角洲地区芦苇、盐地碱蓬、獐毛3种不同类型盐生植物0～20 cm土层的根际和非根际土壤,通过高通量测序对其真菌群落多样性和结构进行了分析,以探究真菌群落特征与土壤理化因子间的关系。结果表明：(1)3种不同类型盐生植物根际土壤真菌群落丰富度显著大于各自非根际土,且獐毛根际土壤真菌群落丰富度显著大于芦苇和盐地碱蓬的根际土。(2)距离热图分析表明,芦苇和盐地碱蓬非根际土壤真菌群落间的相似性最大。(3)土壤真菌多样性和丰富度与土壤总碳、总氮、有效磷、pH呈正相关关系,与土壤盐分含量呈负相关关系。(4)3种不同类型盐生植物的根际与非根际土壤中,球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)均为绝对优势门,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)为优势属。(5)RDA分析表明,土壤盐分含量是影响土壤真菌群落结构的重要因子,球囊菌门丰度与土壤总氮、总碳、有效磷、有机碳、pH呈正相关关系,与盐分呈负相关关系。(6)植物土壤真菌群... 相似文献
18.
Species loss leads to community closure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Global extinction of a species is sadly irreversible. At a local scale, however, extinctions may be followed by re-invasion. We here show that this is not necessarily the case and that an ecological community may close its doors for re-invasion of species lost from it. Previous studies of how communities are assembled have shown that there may be rules for that process and that limitations are set to the order by which species are introduced and put together. Instead of focusing on the assembly process we randomly generated simple competitive model communities that were stable and allowed for two to 10 coexisting species. When a randomly selected single species was removed from the community, the cascading species loss was recorded and frequently the resulting community was more than halved. Cascading extinctions have previously been recorded, but we here show that the relative magnitude of the cascade is dependent on community size (and not only trophic structure) and that the reintroduction of the original species lost often is impossible. Hence, species loss does not simply leave a void potentially refilled, but permanently alters the entire community structure and consequently the adaptive landscape for potential re-invaders. 相似文献
19.
Luis Abdala‐Roberts Alejandra González‐Moreno Kailen A. Mooney Xoaquín Moreira Alejandro González‐Hernández Víctor Parra‐Tabla 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2016,18(1):43-51
- The effects of tree diversity on herbivore–enemy interactions have received relatively little attention and even fewer studies have compared the relative influence of tree intra‐ versus interspecific diversity on such dynamics.
- We evaluated the effects of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) genotypic diversity and tree species diversity on parasitoid attack and species richness associated with Phyllocnistis meliacella, a specialist herbivore on mahogany, in a forest diversity experiment consisting of 74 plots (21 × 21 m2; 64 plants/plot). We sampled 34 of such plots classified as: mahogany monocultures of one maternal family (i.e. genotype), mahogany monocultures of four families and polycultures of four species (including mahogany). We surveyed leafminer abundance and collected mined leaves to estimate parasitism and parasitoid species richness.
- Leafminer abundance was not influenced by either type of diversity. Similarly, there were no effects of genotypic diversity or species diversity on parasitism or parasitoid species richness. Plant diversity effects on parasitoids were probably absent because the species attacking P. meliacella are dietary generalists that likely recruited to multiple host species (in addition to P. meliacella) and their responses to diversity could have cancelled each other out.
- Future work should explicitly investigate how predator and parasitoid traits mediate the effects of plant diversity on tritrophic interactions.
20.
Ecological trade‐offs are fundamental to theory in community ecology; critical for understanding species coexistence in diverse plant communities, as well as the evolution of diverse life‐history strategies. Invasions by exotic species can provide insights into the importance of trade‐offs in community assembly, because the ecological strategies of invading species often differ from those present in the native species pool. Exotic annual species have invaded many Mediterranean‐climate areas around the globe, and often germinate and emerge earlier in the growing season than native species. Early‐season growth can enable exotic annual species to preempt space and resources, competitively suppressing later‐emerging native species; however, early‐emerging individuals may also be more apparent to herbivores. This suggests a potential trade‐off between seasonal phenology and susceptibility to herbivory. To evaluate this hypothesis, we monitored the emergence and growth of 12 focal species (six each native and exotic) in monoculture and polyculture, while experimentally excluding generalist herbivores both early and later in the growing season. Consistent with past studies, the exotic species emerged earlier than native species. Regardless of species origin, earlier‐emerging species achieved greater biomass by the end of the experiment, but were more negatively impacted by herbivory, particularly in the early part of the growing season. This greater impact of early‐season herbivory on early‐active species led to a reduction in the competitive advantage of exotic species growing in polyculture, and improved the performance of later‐emerging natives. Such a trade‐off between early growth and susceptibility to herbivores could be an important force in community assembly in seasonal herbaceous‐dominated ecosystems. These results also show how herbivore exclusion favors early‐active exotic species in this system, with important implications for management in many areas invaded by early‐active exotic species. 相似文献