鳞毛蕨科四个属的染色体数目

报道了鳞毛蕨科的4个属(毛枝蕨属Leptorumohra、石盖蕨属Lithostegia、黔蕨属Phanerophlebiopsis和柳叶蕨属Cyrtogonellum)6种植物的染色体数目及生殖方式。其中柳叶蕨Cyrtogonellum fraxinellum 'n'=123, 2n=123; 离脉柳叶蕨C. caducum 'n'=123; 斜基柳叶蕨C. inaequalis 2n=123; 四回毛枝蕨Leptorumohra quadripinnata n=41; 石盖蕨Lithostegia foeniculacea 2n=164; 长叶黔蕨Phanerophlebiopsis neopodophylla 2n=82。石盖蕨属、黔蕨属和柳叶蕨属的染色体数目为首次报道。结果表明这3个属的染色体基数和鳞毛蕨科中其他属一样均为x=41。细胞学证据支持将石盖蕨属、黔蕨属置于鳞毛蕨科的处理。本文还发现柳叶蕨属与贯众属Cyrtomium的一些种一样, 具有无融合生殖方式, 而其他3个属仅具有在蕨类植物中较为常见的有性生殖方式。     

山东贯众属（鳞毛蕨科）两新种

描述了山东贯众属两新种—密齿贯众 （Cyrtomium confertiserratum） 和倒鳞贯众 （C.reflexosquamatum）。植物形态学和孢粉学 （光学显微镜与扫描电镜） 观察结果显示：密齿贯众与贯众复合群中的原变型 （Cyrtomium fortunei f. fortunei） 相近似,区别在于本新种顶生羽片菱形,基部1~2深裂,裂片长3~4cm,宽约10mm,侧生羽片边缘有细密锯齿,囊群盖边缘有小齿,孢壁具不规则的瘤状纹饰。倒鳞贯众与山东贯众 （C.shandongense） 形态相近,但倒鳞贯众体型较大,高达60cm,羽片较多,达15~29对,叶轴基部以上密被倒生鳞片,孢壁为耳片状及网结状纹饰,易于区别。     

刺齿贯众及贯众配子体发育的培养观察

用腐叶土为基质培养刺齿贯众和贯众的孢子,在光学显微镜下观察其配子体的发育过程.结果表明.刺齿贯众和贯众的配子体发育特征极为相似:孢子均为单裂缝,具周壁,培养5～7 d后萌发;原丝体形态多样;35.d后发育为原叶体,心形,具毛状体;60 d后性器出现,多数为雌雄异株;85～90d后配子体发育出幼孢子体.     

中国枝孢属研究Ⅶ．

枝孢属CladosporiumLink：Fries一新种：贯众枝孢C.cyrtomiiZ．Y.ZhangH.H．PengetHZhangsp．nov．和一个新记录种：苏铁枝孢C．cycadisMareolongo,茄生枝孢C.solanicolaViegas。新种提供了拉丁文和中文描述及形态图。模式标本收藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室（MHYAU）。     

国产七种和一变种兰属植物的核型研究

对国产7种和1变种兰属植物,即邱北冬蕙兰Cymbidium qiubeiense、春兰C. goeringii、春剑 C．longibracteatum、线叶春兰C．serratum、蕙兰C.faberi、送春C.fabri var．szechuanicum、寒兰C．kanran、莎 叶兰C．cyperifolium 的核型进行了研究。具体结果如下：邱北冬蕙兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st;蕙兰为2n=40=30m+8sm+2st;送春为2n=40=26m+l0sm+4st;寒兰为2n=40=26m+12sm+2st;莎叶兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st;春兰为2n=40=24m+l0sm+4st+2t;春剑为2n=40=24m+l0sm+6st。线叶春兰为2n=40=28m+l0sm+2st。线叶春兰中偶尔发现染色体数有2n=41,43,60,80。     

中国芋属植物染色体数目及5个种的核型报道

对中国 8种 (包括 1变种 )芋属 (ColocasiaSchott)植物的体细胞染色体数目和其中 5个种的核型进行了报道。结果分别为 :异色芋C heterochromaH .LietZ .X .Wei,2n =2x =2 8=1 8m 1 0sm ;龚氏芋C gongiiC .L .LongetH .Li,2n =2x =2 8=1 8m (4SAT ) 1 0sm(4SAT) ;贡山芋C gaoligongensisH .LietC .L .Long ,2n =2x =2 8=2 4m 4sm ;李氏香芋C lihengiaeC .L .LongetK .M .Liu ,2n =2x =2 8=1 8m (1SAT ) 6sm 4st;花叶芋C bicolorC .L .LongetL .M .Cao 2n =2 8;紫杆芋C lihengiaeC .L .LongetK .M .Liuvar.nigraC .L .Long 2n =3x =4 2 ;大野芋C gigantea (Bmume)Hookf.,2n =2x =2 8=2 2m 4sm 2st;山芋C konishiiHayata 2n =2 8。除李氏香芋、龚氏芋、大野芋和山芋外 ,其余染色体数目均为首次报道。在核型方面 ,异色芋、龚氏芋、李氏香芋、贡山芋的核型均为首次报道     

五种国产木来木属（广义）植物的核型

对分布于我国的木来木属Cornus L．(广义)4个主要类群的5种植物进行了细胞学研究。结果表明,这5种植物的染色体数目和核型分别为：灯台树 C．controversa Hemsl．2n=20=2m+8sm+10st;红瑞木 C．alba L．2n=22=8sm+12st+2t;毛木来C．walteri Wanger．2n=22=8sm+14st(0-2SAT);山茱萸C.officinalis Seid. et Zucc. 2n=18=8m+l0sm(0-2SAT);四照花(变种)C．kousa var. chinensis Osborn 2n=22=2sm+6st(0-2SAT)十14t。     

安徽南部贝母属植物核型研究

本文对安徽南部贝母属的5种植物的核型进行了研究,结果如下：祁门贝母Fritillaria qimenensis D C.Zhang et J．Z．Shao：2n=24+4Bs=3m+lsm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)+4Bs。铜陵黄花贝母F．monantha Miq．var．tonglingensis S．C.Chen et S．Ｆ．Yin本文报道2个细胞型,细胞型I：2n=24+5Bs=4m+8st (2sc)+12t(2sc)+5Bs;细胞型II：2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)。窄叶小贝母F.xiaobeimu Y．K． Yang,J．Ｚ．Shao et M．M．Fang：2n=24=2m+2sm+10st(4sc)+lot。宁国贝母F．ningguoensis S．C. Chen et S．F．Yin：2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t。浙贝母F.thunbergii Mig．：2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)。除浙贝母外,其余均是近年发表的新种或新变种,其染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。     

国产8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型研究

首次报道了8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型,其中6种的染色体数目为首次报道。结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋A．ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋A．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m+6sm(2sat)十16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋A．hainanensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat)十14st十2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋A．saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m十4sm(2sat)十16st;糙果蜘蛛抱蛋A．muricata,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;啮边蜘蛛抱蛋A．marginella,2n=2x=38=22m+4sm(2sat)十12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋A．xilin-ensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat)十2sm+26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A．cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat)十12sm十18st。核型类型都为2C型。首次在中国发现了A．cruciformis和A．xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性状及已有的38种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋势似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。关键词 蜘蛛抱蛋属;染色体数目;核型;进化     

锦鸡儿属植物14个种类的核型

报道了锦鸡儿属Caragana 14种的核型,体细胞中期染色体的核型分别为：（1）柠条Caragana korshinskii Kom.2n=16=19m 7sm;(2)印度锦鸡儿C.gerardiana Royle 2n=16=12m 4sm;(3）锦鸡儿C.sinica(Buc‘hoz)Rehd。2n=24=15m 9sm;(4)狭叶锦鸡儿C.stenophylla Pojark 2n=32=21m 10sm 1st;(5)短脚锦鸡儿C.brachypoda Pojark.2n=16=8m 5sm 3st;(6)云南锦鸡儿C.franchetiana Kom.2n=16=13m 2sm 1st;(7)甘蒙锦鸡儿C.opulens Kom.2n=16 1b=8m 7sm 1st 1B;(8)刺叶锦鸡儿C.acanthopylla Pojark.2n=16=12m 4sm;(9)红花锦鸡儿C.rosea Maxim.2n=16=10m 6sm;(10)扁刺锦鸡儿C.boisi Schneid.2n=16=11m 4sm 1st;(11)二色锦鸡儿C.bicolor Kom.2n=16 1b=10m 6sm 1B;（12）川西锦鸡儿C.erinacea Kom.2n=16=12m 3sm 1st;（13）粗刺锦鸡儿C.crassispina Marq.2n=16=10m 6sm;(14)树锦鸡儿C.arborescens Lam.2n=16 1b=10m 6sm 1b.其中短脚锦鸡儿、云南锦鸡儿、红花锦鸡儿、扁刺锦鸡儿、二色锦鸡儿、粗刺锦鸡儿的核型为首次报道。     

Chromosome study of the fern genus Cyrtomium (Dryopteridaceae)

Cyrtomium (Dryopteridaceae) is an Asiatic genus comprising about 40 species characterized by having anastomosing veins that form areolae with included veinlets. Twelve chromosome counts representing 11 taxa were made in the present study. The chromosome numbers of six species endemic to China are reported for the first time: C. uniseriale , 2 n  = 164; C. guizhouense , 2 n  = 82; C. shingianum , n  = 82, 2 n  =  c .164; C. chingianum , 2 n  = 164; C. urophyllum , 2 n  = 82 and C. aequibasis , 2 n  = 123. The results were used to show that (1) C. uniseriale should be reduced to varietal status under C. balansae ; (2) subseries Balansana is not closely related to any other Cyrtomium species and should be separated from Cyrtomium ; and (3) C. guizhouense and C. lonchitoides are basal groups when subseries Balansana is not considered. These results were also supported by morphology. A high level of differentiation is a distinct characteristic in Cyrtomium . The genus has two reproductive types: sexual and apogamous. Sexual species are distributed mostly in China. Southwestern China is a modern diversity centre of Cyrtomium , with 80.6% of known species occurring there. Many species are endemic, most of which are sexual tetraploids or apogamous triploids. Both the apogamous reproductive type and polyploid species are adaptions to limestone habitats.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 150 , 221–228.     

国产毛茛科驴蹄草属两种植物的细胞学研究

为探讨国产毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)驴蹄草属(Caltha L.)植物的细胞学特征,对驴蹄草(C.palustris L.)3个居群和花葶驴蹄草(C.scaposa Hook.f.&Thoms.)5个居群进行了细胞学研究。驴蹄草贵州纳雍居群的染色体数目为2n=32(四倍体),两个云南中甸居群的染色体数目均为2n=64(八倍体)。花葶驴蹄草四川红原、康定、石渠居群的染色体数目均为2n=32(四倍体),该数目为首次报道;西藏林芝和云南德钦居群的染色体数目均为2n=64(八倍体)。驴蹄草的染色体比花葶驴蹄草大。这两种植物的32或64条染色体分别以4条或8条为单位大致能够排列为8组同源染色体,但同一组内的染色体经常具有明显的异形性(heteromorphy),不同居群的核型组成多少具有差异。同时,还分析了驴蹄草和花葶驴蹄草的不同倍性细胞型在我国的地理分布式样。     

Chromosome polymorphism in Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characidae). 1. Karyotype analysis, Ag-NORs and mapping of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes in sympatric karyotypes and their possible hybrid forms

Astyanax fasciatus may be characterized as a chromosomally diversified 'species' presenting distinct cytotypes, each with its specific variants. The sympatric and syntopic occurrence of different cytotypes reinforces the hypothesis in which A. fasciatus may represent a group of species currently placed under a single common designation. Specimens from three collection points spread along the Mogi-Gua?u River in southeast Brazil were examined in the present work: (1) near its headwaters (Ouro Fino--MG), (2) in the middle region of the river (Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassunun ga--SP) and (3) close to its confluence with the Pardo River (Barrinha--SP). The 2n = 48 chromosomes cytotype was found in all sampling points, while cytotype 2n = 46 was only encountered in Barrinha and Cachoeira de Emas. In the latter locality, cytotype 2n = 46 predominated; nevertheless, other karyotype forms with 2n = 45 and 47 chromosomes also occurred, besides a structural variant of cytotype 2n = 46. One specimen with 2n = 47 chromosomes was also found in Ouro Fino. The Ag-NOR analysis, as well as the location of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes, were conserved in all cytotypes. The data indicate that the variant karyotypes are a consequence of interbreeding between the standard cytotypes (2n = 46 and 48) and/or its descendants. This suggests a karyotype plasticity for this species, where at least a few variant karyotypes would not have deleterious effects on their bearers.     

八种国产大戟属植物的核型报道

8种大戟属Euphorbia L．植物的核型分析结果表明,大戟属不同亚属的染色体基数与其形态变 异的复杂性有一定关系。地锦草亚属subgen．Chamaesyce 3个种染色体基数分别为x=8,9,11;一品红 亚属subgen．Poinsettia两个种染色体基数均为x=7,分别为四倍体和八倍体;乳浆大戟亚属subgen． Esula 3个种,染色体基数分别为x=7,10,10。根据以前学者发表的资料分析,一品红亚属和大戟亚属 Subgen. Euphorbia的染色体基数是很稳定的,分别为x=7和x=10;通奶草E．hypericifolia为x=8 的四倍体,它不仅有染色体整倍性的变异,还有异基数性的变化。结合以前学者的研究,笔者支持x= 10为大戟属的最原始基数的观点。齿裂大戟E．dentata和通奶草具不同的染色体倍性,猫眼草E． esula的细胞染色体数目观察证实了我国存在四倍体的居群,与欧洲和北美的植物构成一个典型的多倍体复合体。     

Karyotypes of eight species of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from China

In this paper, eight species of the genus Euphorbia L. were cytologically studied. The three species of the subgenus Chamaesyce Raf., E. hirta, E. humifusa and E. hypericifolia, had chromosome numbers of 2n = 18, 22 and 32, with their basic chromosome numbers being x = 9, 11 and 8 respectively. The two species of the subgenus Poinsettia (Grah.) House. E. dentata, with 2n=28, a tetraploid, and E. cyathophora, with 2n= 56, a octoploid, had both the basic chromosome number of x= 7. The three species of the subgenus Esula Pers, E. lathyris, E. helioscopia and E. hylonoma, had chromosome number of 2n= 20, 42 and 20, with their basic numbers being x= 10, 7 and 10 respectively. The basic chromosome number of x = 8 is new for E. hypericifolia, in which x = 7 was previously reported. This indicates that this species had both ploidy(2n = 4x = 28, 8x = 56) and dysploidy(x = 7, 8) variations. In E. dentata, there occurred also ploidy variation (2n = 2x, 4x and 8x). A tetraploid cytotype of E. esula was found in China, its diploid cytotype and hexaploid cytotype being previously reported in North America, the Iberian Peninsula and some other European areas. Based on our results and those previously reported, we support the viewpoint that x＝10 may be the original basic chromosome number of Euphorbiaand discuss the role of polyploidy and dysploidy in the speciation and evolution of this genus     

国产毛茛科升麻属四种植物的核形态研究，并略论升麻的细胞地理

本文研究了国产四种升麻属植物(小升麻、单穗升麻、云南升麻、升麻及其变种毛叶升麻)的核 形态。除发现升麻在云南西北部地区有二倍体和四倍体两种细胞型存在外,其他类群都为二倍体。云南升麻和毛叶升麻的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。     

Karyomorphology of four species in Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) from China,with some cytogeographical notes on C. foetida

In this paper, four species of the genus Cimicifuga L. from China(C. acerina, C. simplex, C. yunnanensis, C. foetida var. foetida and C. foetida var. velutina ) were karyomorphologically investigated. All the taxa studied had the same chromosome number of 2n= 16 except for C. foetida var. foetida, in which a tetraploid cytotype was found to occur in northwestern Yunnan. Their karyotypes are all presented. The chromosomecounts in C. yunnanensis and C. foetida var. velutina are reported here for the first time.     

A cytotaxonomic study of 10 species of the Polypodiaceae from Yunnan,China

A cytotaxonomic study was made of 10 fern species belonging to 7 genera of Polypodiaceae from Yunnan, China. Seven new records (including one cytotype) were reported in this paper. The putative reproduc-tive manners were inferred from cytological characters and spore counting. The chromosome numbers were 2n=70 in Polypodiastrum mengtzeense, Lepisorus bicolor; 2n=72 in Polypodiode amoena, P. wattii, L. mac-rosphaerus, Lepidogrammitis rostrata, Drymotaenium miyoshianum, Tricholepidium maculosum, Phymatopteris oxyloba; and 2n=108 in P. trisecta. The reproductive type in P. trisecta is triploid apogamous while it is of the sexual diploid reproductive type in the other species of the genus Phymatopteris. Based on our study and previous data, the significance of chromosome number in phylogenetic study was discussed.     

Chromosomal evolution ofGentiana andJaeschkea (Gentianaceae), with further documentation of chromosome data for 35 species from western China

Chromosome numbers were recorded for 63 populations of 34 species belonging to the genusGentiana from the high altitude regions of western China. Counts for 22 species were reported for the first time and new numbers were found forG. heleonastes (2n = 36),G. prattii (2n = 20) andG. pseudoaquatica (2n = 40). Incorporating previous data, a complete series of gametic chromosome numbers from n = 6 to 24 and 26 was established for the genus, suggesting rapid karyotypic evolution by a combination of dysploidy and polyploidy. The cytotype 2n = 20 is proposed as the ancestral type in sect.Chondrophyllae s. l. The chromosome number 2n = 16 was found forJaeschkea microsperma for the first time which, with previous reports of 2n = 18, 20 and 22, indicates thatJaeschkea is a typically dysploid genus.     

Polyploid cytotypes and their habitat preferences inLycopodium clavatum

Morphological, cytological and ecological observations were made onLycopodium clavatum. Among 121 individuals from 26 populations studied 31 were of the diploid cytotype with 2n=68, 45 were of the triploid cytotype with 2n=102 and 45 were of the tetraploid cytotype with 2n=136. The populations were divided into three types: (1) the sole type—characterized by a single cytotype occupying an entire population, (2) the mixed type A—characterized by two or three cytotypes occupying together the same population, but each cytotype choosing different habitats, (3) the mixed type B—characterized by two or three cytotypes occupying together the same population and sharing the same habitat with each other. The mixed type B populations were found in the places of the early phase of secondary succession in a plant community. In the sole type and the mixed type A, the habitat preference for each cytotype was described as follows: the habitat for the diploid was in humid and shady places, that for the tetraploid was in open and sunny, unstable places, and that for the triploid was intermediate between the other two. Each cytotype can progress towards occupying their optimum habitat successively from the mixed type B population to the mixed type A population and finally reaching the sole type population.