地衣芽孢杆菌MY75菌株几丁质酶基因的异源表达及特性

【目的】地衣芽孢杆菌MY75菌株的几丁质酶基因的异源表达,并对表达蛋白的特性进行研究。【方法】制备MY75菌株培养上清粗蛋白,利用酶谱分析确定具有几丁质酶活的蛋白分子量。将该蛋白进行飞行时间质谱分析,确定其部分氨基酸序列,设计PCR引物对MY75菌株的几丁质酶基因进行克隆及异源表达。对表达蛋白的最适反应温度及pH,温度耐受性及金属离子对酶活力的影响等特性进行了研究,并测定了表达蛋白对真菌孢子萌发的抑制活性和对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的杀虫增效作用。【结果】酶谱分析证明MY75菌株培养上清液中仅含有一种55kDa的几丁质酶。将该编码基因chiMY克隆及序列分析后发现,基因长度为1797bp,编码599个氨基酸。在大肠杆菌中异源表达的几丁质酶ChiMY蛋白的分子量为67kDa。质谱分析证明,55kDa蛋白与67kDa蛋白序列相同。ChiMY最适pH和最适温度分别为7.0和50°C,为中性几丁质酶。Li+,Na+,和Mg2+离子对表达蛋白的酶活力具有促进作用,Mn2+,Cr3+,Zn2+和Ag+离子则能显著抑制酶活力,Cu2+和Fe3+离子完全抑制酶活性。生物测定的结果显示,异源表达的MY75几丁质酶能够抑制小麦赤霉及黑曲霉的孢子萌发,并且对苏云金芽孢杆菌的杀虫活力具有增效作用。【结论】地衣芽孢杆菌MY75菌株中仅有一种55kDa几丁质酶,其编码基因能够在大肠杆菌中大量表达,表达蛋白分子量与野生型蛋白之间有显著差异,由此证明MY75菌株中存在着几丁质酶的剪切加工过程。明确了地衣芽孢杆菌几丁质酶ChiMY具有抑制真菌活性及杀虫增效作用。上述全部研究结论在国内首次报道。     

一株抑真菌、对甜菜夜蛾高效的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株

为了扩大苏云金芽胞杆菌的杀虫谱及生防范围,通过抑真菌和杀虫生物活性测定,筛选到一株抑真菌并对甜菜夜蛾高效的菌株Bt519-1.此菌株对所测试的小麦赤霉、黄瓜灰霉等8种真菌都有不同程度的抑制作用,且完全抑制这些真菌孢子的萌发.通过室内生物测定发现该菌株对甜菜夜蛾具有很高的杀虫活性,半致死浓度(LC50>)仅为5.5 μg/mL.经特异引物检测,证明该菌株含有6种杀虫蛋白基因:crylAa、crylAb、crylAc、cry1I、cry2和vip3A.经SDS-PAGE分析,Bt519-1菌株分别产生分子量大约为135 kD～130 kD、95 kD、80 kD、70 kD和65 kD～60 kD的几种杀虫晶体蛋白.在有无几丁质的培养基中都能产生较高活性的几丁质酶.试验证明苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt519-1是一株既杀虫又拮抗真菌的多功能生防菌株.     

银杏内生细菌的分离鉴定及抑菌活性初探

【目的】从银杏(Ginkgo biloba)茎叶中分离鉴定内生细菌, 测定其体外抑菌活性及对辣椒果疫病的防治效果。【方法】采用平板对峙法筛选出对辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)有拮抗作用的内生细菌, 并用平板对扣法测定其中一株防治效果较好的内生细菌产生的挥发性物质对辣椒疫霉菌生长的影响。通过生防菌液和病原菌孢子悬浮液喷雾接种辣椒果测定该菌株对辣椒果疫病的防治效果。基于形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rDNA和gyrA基因序列同源性分析鉴定该生防菌株。【结果】从银杏的茎和叶中分离获得9株内生细菌。平板对峙生长试验结果表明, 菌株W5对供试的辣椒疫霉菌、稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia grisea)、水稻纹枯菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、荔枝霜疫霉菌(Peronophythora litchi)、荔枝酸腐菌(Geotrichum candidum)均有抑制作用, 其中对辣椒疫霉菌、稻瘟病菌和荔枝霜疫霉菌的抑菌效果显著, 抑菌率分别为88.9%、86.3%和90.2%。其产生的挥发性物质能明显抑制辣椒疫霉菌菌丝的生长。对辣椒采后果疫病的防治效果表明, 先喷雾接种W5菌悬液24 h后再接种辣椒疫霉病菌孢子悬浮液的防治效果最好, 可将辣椒果的保鲜期延长2?3 d。该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。【结论】获得了一株对植物病原菌物有良好防治效果的银杏内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌W5, 对辣椒采后果疫病及其他病原真菌的防治具有潜在应用价值。     

贵州地区木霉菌分离鉴定及对辣椒疫霉的拮抗作用

【背景】辣椒疫霉是一种毁灭性的土传病害,当前主要使用化学合成杀菌剂防治,但容易导致环境污染和食品安全等问题。【目的】筛选可拮抗辣椒疫霉的候选菌株,探究分离菌株拮抗辣椒疫霉的生理生化作用机制。【方法】综合应用形态学、核糖体RNA (rRNA)基因非转录区ITS序列相似性方法鉴定分离菌株,通过对峙实验筛选抑菌效果较高的拮抗菌株,基于比色法测定分离菌株发酵液粗提物对辣椒疫霉菌丝脂质过氧化、纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-GC)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性的影响。【结果】从腐木和土壤样品中分离得到11株木霉,分属于绿色木霉(Trichodermavirens)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、钩状木霉(Trichoderma hamatum)和棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum) 4个种。11株木霉对辣椒疫霉均有一定的抑制作用,抑制率达到90%以上的菌株包括:绿色木霉Tv-1(92.68%)、Tv-2 (95.12%),哈茨木霉Thz-2 (92.68%),钩状木霉Tha-1 (90.24%)。以4株高效木霉的发酵液粗提物处理辣椒疫霉菌丝5 d后,因脂质过氧化产生的丙二醛含量显著增加,分别达到1.20、1.48、2.69和3.16 nmol/g,显著高于对照处理的0.77 nmol/g;与对照组相比,β-GC、PG酶活性显著下降,分别降低了12.28%-64.91%、7.2%-15.5%;同时纤维素酶活性呈上升趋势,最显著组为2.647 U/mL,相对于对照组增加了0.831U/mL。【结论】分离得到4株明显抑制辣椒疫霉菌生长的高效木霉菌,主要通过破坏细胞壁结构、降低致病因子酶活力和增强脂质过氧化等方式起拮抗作用,可为辣椒疫病的生物防治提供理论依据和技术支持。     

拮抗辣椒疫霉菌海洋细菌菌株SH-27的筛选鉴定及其防病促生作用

【背景】由辣椒疫霉引起的辣椒疫病是全球辣椒生产中一种毁灭性的病害。近年来生物防治因其具有对环境友好、对人畜安全的特性而倍受关注。【目的】筛选对辣椒具有防病促生作用的海洋细菌菌株SH-27并鉴定其分类地位。【方法】采用稀释分离法和平板对峙法筛选拮抗辣椒疫霉菌的海洋细菌菌株,以发酵液灌根法测定海洋细菌SH-27菌株对辣椒盆栽的防病促生作用;通过形态特征、生理生化测试及多基因序列分析对海洋细菌SH-27菌株进行鉴定。【结果】从分离的142株海洋细菌中筛选获得11株对辣椒疫霉菌具有较强抑制作用的细菌菌株,其中以来自珊瑚的SH-27菌株的抑菌作用最强、抑菌谱广;室内盆栽试验结果表明,SH-27菌株发酵液处理后的辣椒植株根长、株高、茎粗、鲜重、干重均显著高于对照处理。SH-27菌株发酵液灌根处理后,对辣椒疫病4、6和9 d的防效分别为70.81%、66.55%和48.20%。经形态特征、生理生化测试及16S rRNA、gyrA基因序列分析,鉴定SH-27菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。【结论】海洋细菌SH-27菌株对辣椒具有较好的防病促生效果,具有开发为微生物农药及菌肥的潜力。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌几丁质酶B特性及其杀虫抑真菌的作用

摘要：【目的】本文对苏云金芽胞杆菌科默尔亚种15A3菌株（Bacillus thuringensis subsp.colmeri 15A3,简称Bt 15A3）几丁质酶B（chitinase B,简称ChiB）的特性及其杀虫抑真菌作用作了初步研究。【方法】将大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）中表达的Bt 15A3菌株的ChiB,经过硫酸铵沉淀、透析、Sephadex G-200凝胶层析,最终得到初步纯化的几丁质酶。利用酶谱方法确定分子量,并且对2种分子量的酶蛋白进行了质谱鉴定。对各种金属离子对ChiB酶活的影响、最适反应温度及pH、温度及pH稳定性等理化特性进行研究,并且测定了ChiB抑制真菌孢子萌发的活性和对甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫的杀虫增效作用。【结果】ChiB分子量约为70 kDa。同时证明检测到的64 kDa蛋白为70 kDa蛋白C端的降解产物。ChiB最适作用温度为60 ℃,最适pH值为5,在温度20 ℃～60 ℃和pH 4-8的范围内均有良好的稳定性。供试金属离子中Fe3+对ChiB的酶活有促进作用,Zn2+,Ag+有抑制作用。ChiB可抑制产黄青霉等真菌孢子的萌发,半抑制浓度（median effective inhibitory concentration,IC50）约为4 μg/mL。该酶可以分别降低Bt晶体蛋白对甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫的半致死浓度（median lethal concentration,LC50）26 %和30 %。【结论】Bt科默尔亚种的几丁质酶不但具有较稳定的理化性质,而且具有抑制真菌生长及明显的杀虫增效作用。     

三株海洋木霉的应用潜力

【目的】探索3株海洋生境木霉的应用潜力。【方法】经过筛选和诱变,获得高抑菌活性及产孢量的木霉突变株;通过优化培养基、温度、初始p H考察其产孢量及最适培养条件;综合抑菌谱、重寄生及抑菌相关基因考察其抑菌活性;采用特殊培养基法考察其产纤维素酶、植酸酶、铁载体以及降解磷钾的能力,高效液相色谱法测定其产吲哚乙酸能力。【结果】3株木霉菌的产孢量分别为3.45×108、3.10×108和2.55×108 CFU/cm2,与野生型相比分别提高了88.52%、63.16%和180.22%;且均可产生厚垣孢子,其中XG20-1厚垣孢子产量最高,达到3.56×108 CFU/m L。3株木霉菌具有较广抑菌谱及对番茄早疫病菌的重寄生作用,同时扩增得到Tex1、Nag1、Eg1基因,生物学测试显示其均具有产纤维素酶、几丁质酶以及铁载体的能力,证明其抑菌活性是多种机制共同作用的结果;菌株可以降解磷钾,且吲哚乙酸产量分别为2.61、1.57和1.92 mg/L,具有促进植物生长的潜力。【结论】本文中3株木霉菌在开发为生防菌与生物肥料方面展现出良好的应用潜力。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌LTS290菌株抑制镰孢菌的作用

旨在扩大苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)的生防范围,通过对Bt LTS290菌株的对峙培养和菌株无菌发酵液对镰孢菌的抑制作用进行研究。结果表明,Bt LTS290菌株可抑制6种马铃薯致病镰孢菌的生长,并且Bt LTS290无菌发酵液的抑菌效果显著。抑菌物质对温度不敏感,经过121℃处理20 min后仍然具有抑菌活性。在p H3-11范围内存放12 h后,抑菌活性变幅不大,并且用蛋白酶K处理后其抑菌活性依然存在。实验证明苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt LTS290是一株可以高效抑制马铃薯致病镰孢菌的生防菌株。     

组成型表达chi基因的Bt工程菌株构建及其特性

【目的】通过构建能够组成型高效表达几丁质酶的苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌株,以提高其抑真菌活性。【方法】首先通过PCR扩增获得Bti75菌株chiB全长及系列缺失启动子片段,与本室构建的启动子探测型载体pCB连接,转化Bti75菌株,通过β-半乳糖苷酶活性检测及β-半乳糖苷酶mRNA的Real time-PCR检测,确定了一段长度为190 bp的组成型高效表达启动子。将这一启动子分别与Bti75自身几丁质酶基因chiA以及地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)的几丁质酶基因chiMY连接构建了组成型高效表达的工程菌株Bti75(pDA)和Bti75(pDM)。应用几丁质酶酶活检测、SDS-PAGE及酶谱分析检测了工程菌几丁质酶的表达情况。最后,通过检测工程菌发酵粗酶液对真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响,评估了工程菌对3种植物病原真菌的抗真菌活性。【结果】在没有诱导物存在的情况下,Bti75(pBPΔ7)菌株表达的β-半乳糖苷酶酶活和β-半乳糖苷酶mRNA的转录量分别是Bti75(pBP)菌株的7倍和2.5倍左右。在没有几丁质诱导的情况下,与野生株Bti75相比,工程菌株Bti75(pDA)和Bti75(pDM)的几丁质酶活性均提高了3.5倍左右。SDS-PAGE及酶谱分析证明目的几丁质酶在非诱导条件下达到组成型高效表达,抑真菌实验显示工程菌Bti75(pDA)和Bti75(pDM)抑制3种植物病原真菌的活性明显提高。【结论】发现190 bp的缺失启动子能够组成型高效表达不同来源的几丁质酶,无需诱导物的诱导,工程菌株就能展现良好的抗真菌能力。     

植物根际促生菌对3种土传真菌病害病原的抑制作用

【目的】获取促生同时可防治3种土传真菌病害(Fusarium oxysporum、Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和Rhizoctonia solani)的生防菌,并明确其抑菌效果。【方法】利用前期研究获得的17株促生菌,采用平板对峙法测定其对病原真菌的拮抗作用及对菌丝生长的抑制作用。【结果】可有效拮抗立枯丝核菌的生防菌有6株,其中促生菌株FX2和LM4-3的抑制率达73.82%;拮抗尖孢镰刀菌的生防菌有7株,其中FX2的抑制率达到66.81%;拮抗油菜菌核病菌的生防菌有4株,其中菌株LHS11的抑制率高达85.71%。菌株LHS11和JM170通过次生代谢物抑制病原真菌。所有的生防菌对病原菌的菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用。【结论】筛选得到对3种真菌病害病原具有较好生防作用的菌株LHS11和FX2。     

枯草芽孢杆菌C-D6对辣椒炭疽菌附着胞形成的抑制作用研究

【目的】研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) C-D6菌株对辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici)附着胞形成的抑制作用,探索炭疽病生物防治的新途径。【方法】通过对峙培养测定C-D6菌株的抗菌活性,应用摇瓶培养结合生物测定筛选产生抗菌活性成分的最适培养基,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-75凝胶柱层析和阴离子交换层析对抗菌蛋白进行分离纯化,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定蛋白分子量。【结果】C-D6菌株在PDA平板上对辣椒炭疽菌显示明显的抑制作用,其YPD培养液能完全抑制该菌的附着胞形成。摇瓶培养的结果显示C-D6菌株产生抗菌活性物质的最适培养基为YPD培养基。C-D6菌株在该培养基中培养14 h后,所形成的活性物质可完全抑制辣椒炭疽菌的附着胞形成。从该菌的YPD培养液中分离获得一个分子量为32 kD,能明显抑制辣椒炭疽菌附着胞形成的抗菌蛋白。【结论】C-D6菌株的生防特征显示该菌株对防治辣椒炭疽菌引起的炭疽病具有潜在的应用价值。     

Role of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities produced by a fluorescent pseudomonad and in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of involvement of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase of an antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas in growth suppression of phytopathogenic fungi, Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani. Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates GRC(3) and GRC(4) were screened for their antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi by using dual culture technique both on solid and liquid media. The percent inhibition was calculated. Various parameters were monitored for optimization of enzyme activities by fluorescent Pseudomonas GRC(3). The involvement of chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, and antifungal metabolites of nonenzymatic nature was correlated with the inhibition of P. capsici and R. solani. The results provide evidence for antibiosis as a mechanism for antagonism. The study also confirms that multiple mechanisms are involved in suppressing phytopathogens as evidenced by the involvement of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase in inhibition of R. solani but not P. capsici by isolate GRC3.     

Isolation and antifungal and antioomycete activities of aerugine produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MM-B16

The bacterial strain MM-B16, which showed strong antifungal and antioomycete activity against some plant pathogens, was isolated from a mountain forest soil in Korea. Based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, the bacterial strain MM-B16 was identical to Pseudomonas fluorescens. An antibiotic active against Colletotrichum orbiculare and Phytophthora capsici in vitro and in vivo was isolated from the culture filtrates of P. fluorescens strain MM-B16 using various chromatographic procedures. The molecular formula of the antibiotic was deduced to be C(10)H(11)NO(2)S (M(+), m/z 209.0513) by analysis of electron impact mass spectral data. Based on the nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectral data, the antibiotic was confirmed to have the structure of a thiazoline derivative, aerugine [4-hydroxymethyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline]. C. orbiculare, P. capsici, and Pythium ultimum were most sensitive to aerugine (MICs for these organisms were approximately 10 micro g ml(-1)). However, no antimicrobial activity was found against yeasts and bacteria even at concentrations of more than 100 micro g ml(-1). Treatment with aerugine exhibited a significantly high protective activity against development of phytophthora disease on pepper and anthracnose on cucumber. However, the control efficacy of aerugine against the diseases was in general somewhat less than that of the commercial fungicides metalaxyl and chlorothalonil. This is the first study to isolate aerugine from P. fluorescens and demonstrate its in vitro and in vivo antifungal and antioomycete activities against C. orbiculare and P. capsici.     

Antifungal potential of extracellular metabolites produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus against phytopathogenic fungi

Indigenous actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere soils were assessed for in vitro antagonism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotium rolfsii. A potent antagonist against both plant pathogenic fungi, designated SRA14, was selected and identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The strain SRA14 highly produced extracellular chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase during the exponential and late exponential phases, respectively. Culture filtrates collected from the exponential and stationary phases inhibited the growth of both the fungi tested, indicating that growth suppression was due to extracellular antifungal metabolites present in culture filtrates. The percentage of growth inhibition by the stationary culture filtrate was significantly higher than that of exponential culture filtrate. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and abnormal shapes were observed in fungi grown on potato dextrose agar that contained the culture filtrates. However, the antifungal activity of exponential culture filtrates against both the experimental fungi was significantly reduced after boiling or treatment with proteinase K. There was no significant decrease in the percentage of fungal growth inhibition by the stationary culture filtrate that was treated as above. These data indicated that the antifungal potential of the exponential culture filtrate was mainly due to the presence of extracellular chitinase enzyme, whereas the antifungal activity of the stationary culture filtrate involved the action of unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s).     

Evaluation of the antifungal activity of the purified chitinase 1 from the filamentous fungus Aphanocladium album

Abstract Crude protein preparations from the culture filtrate of the filamentous fungus Aphanocladium album , a hyperparasite of rust fungi, strongly inhibited growth of a strain of the fungus Nectria haematococca pathogenic on pea. Crude protein from the filtrate of the variant E3 of A. album , hyperproducing chitinase, was less inhibitory than crude protein from the filtrate of the wild-type strain E1. The antifungal potential of a purified chitinase from A. album , called chitinase 1, was compared to that of a plant chitinase with known antifungal activity, obtained from pea ( Pisum sativum ). Although purified chitinase 1 of A. album degraded chitin more completely than did pea chitinase, it did not inhibit growth of N. haematococca , either alone or in the presence of a pea β-1,3-glucanase. Furthermore, chitinase 1 from A. album failed to enhance the antifungal activity of pea chitinase. These results indicate that the extracellular proteins of A. album inhibit growth of some fungi by other means than through their chitinase 1 activity.     

Characterization of a versatile rhizospheric organism from cucumber identified as Ochrobactrum haematophilum

Several rhizobacteria play a vital role in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against fungal diseases and degrading pesticides in the environment. In this study, a bacterial strain, designated H10, was isolated from the rhizosphere at Laixi in Shandong Province, China, and was identified as Ochrobactrum haematophilum based on API 20 NE tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The plant growth-promoting characteristics of the strain were further characterized, and the results showed that strain H10 produces siderophore, indol-3-acetic (IAA) and solubilized phosphate but lacks 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. Inoculation with the strain was found to significantly increase (p < 0.05) the growth of cucumber in pot experiments. Strain H10 was assessed in vitro for antagonism against several pathogenic fungi and showed high antifungal activity. The cell-free culture filtrates, which had high extracellular chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and protease activities, could inhibit the growth of all pathogenic fungi tested, indicating that growth suppression was partly due to extracellular antifungal metabolites present in the culture filtrates. Changes in hyphal morphology were observed in phytopathogenic fungi after treatment with the culture filtrates. Additionally, strain H10 was able to degrade 80%, 85% and 58% of the pesticides chlorpyrifos, β-cypermethrin and imidacloprid, respectively, within 60 h in liquid culture. The inoculation of strain H10 into soil treated with 100 mg kg(-1) of the three pesticides accordingly resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium for use as a biofertilizer and biopesticide and suggest that it may provide an alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. Additionally, it may represent a bioremediation agent that can remove contaminating chemical pesticide residues from the environment.     

Antifungal activities of N-arylbenzenesulfonamides against phytopathogens and control efficacy on wheat leaf rust and cabbage club root diseases

A set of N-arylbenzenesulfonamides with various substituents at the arylamine and benzenesulfonyl positions were prepared, and their antifungal properties were measured in vitro against such plant pathogenic fungi as Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea. Compounds 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24 and 27 had antifungal activity over a broad spectrum of the phytopathogenic fungi tested, where 50% of inhibition (ED50) was in the range of 3-15 microg/ml. Based on the in vitro activity, six derivatives (3, 4, 10, 18, 21 and 27) were selected and tested further for their fungicidal efficacy in vivo. The fungicidal efficacy of 10, 21 and 27 had a disease control value of over 85% at 50 microg/ml against wheat leaf rust, while that of 4 was selective against cabbage club root disease.     

Isolation and anti-oomycete activity of nyasol from Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes

The methanol extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes exhibited strong antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi Magnaphothe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, and the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici. The antifungal substance isolated from the rhizomes of A. asphodeloides was identified to be nyasol, (Z)-1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene by NMR and mass spectral analysis. Nyasol effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare, P. capsici, Pythium ultimum, R. solani, and Cladosporium cucumerinum in a range of 1-50 mug/ml, but did not affect the growth of bacteria and yeast. In a greenhouse test, treatment with the antifungal compound nyasol was significantly effective in suppressing the Phytophthora blight on pepper plants.