构建多元化的细胞生物学PBL教学模式

以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)的教学方法是一种国际上广泛认同和有效的医学课程模式,它将问题作为教学的基本因素,使学生在不断的提出问题和解决问题中完成教学内容的学习,这种方法在培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力、养成终生学习习惯方面具有极大的促进作用。该文介绍了一种新的基于医学细胞生物学课程特点的PBL教学模式,它是包括病例模式、微型病例模式、核心问题模式的多元化教学模式。文章从教学框架构建、教材及病例编写、课堂教学组织、教学效果评价等多个环节进行了全方位介绍和探讨,为细胞生物学教学水平的整体提升提供了新的思路。     

Improving Education in Medical Statistics: Implementing a Blended Learning Model in the Existing Curriculum

Background

Although recent studies report on the benefits of blended learning in improving medical student education, there is still no empirical evidence on the relative effectiveness of blended over traditional learning approaches in medical statistics. We implemented blended along with on-site (i.e. face-to-face) learning to further assess the potential value of web-based learning in medical statistics.

Methods

This was a prospective study conducted with third year medical undergraduate students attending the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, who passed (440 of 545) the final exam of the obligatory introductory statistics course during 2013–14. Student statistics achievements were stratified based on the two methods of education delivery: blended learning and on-site learning. Blended learning included a combination of face-to-face and distance learning methodologies integrated into a single course.

Results

Mean exam scores for the blended learning student group were higher than for the on-site student group for both final statistics score (89.36±6.60 vs. 86.06±8.48; p = 0.001) and knowledge test score (7.88±1.30 vs. 7.51±1.36; p = 0.023) with a medium effect size. There were no differences in sex or study duration between the groups. Current grade point average (GPA) was higher in the blended group. In a multivariable regression model, current GPA and knowledge test scores were associated with the final statistics score after adjusting for study duration and learning modality (p<0.001).

Conclusion

This study provides empirical evidence to support educator decisions to implement different learning environments for teaching medical statistics to undergraduate medical students. Blended and on-site training formats led to similar knowledge acquisition; however, students with higher GPA preferred the technology assisted learning format. Implementation of blended learning approaches can be considered an attractive, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to traditional classroom training in medical statistics.     

PBL教学模式在我国医学本科生中教学效果的Meta分析

目的:系统评价我国以问题为基础的教学(problem-based learning,PBL)模式在医学本科生中的教学效果。方法:运用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库收录的国内公开发表以问题为基础的本科医学生教育相关的临床研究文献,同时进行Meta分析。结果:共检索出783篇相关文献,通过筛选共有9篇文献纳入研究,共计纳入986例教学对象。纳入文献Jadad评分2-3分,纳入文献均说明基线资料均有可比性。对所有文献进行合并分析显示,PBL教学法的教学效果与传统教学组有显著差异(Z=6.52,P0.00001),PBL教学法优于传统教学法[SMD=7.72,95%CI[5.4,10.04],P0.00001]。结论:采用PBL教学法的教学效果优于传统教学法。但我国医学教育应用此方法仍不普及,其原因有待深入探讨,现有研究质量普遍不高,有待普及规范标准的研究方法。