共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Prashant G. Golegaonkar Haydar Karaoglu Robert F. Park 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(7):1281-1288
An incompletely dominant gene conferring resistance to Puccinia hordei, Rph14, identified previously in an accession of Hordeum vulgare, confers resistance to all known pathotypes of P. hordei in Australia. Knowledge of the chromosomal location of Rph14 and the identification of DNA markers closely linked to it will facilitate combining it with other important leaf rust resistance
genes to achieve long lasting resistance. The inheritance of Rph14 was confirmed using 146 and 106 F3 lines derived from the crosses ‘Baudin’/‘PI 584760’ (Rph14) and ‘Ricardo’/‘PI 584760’ (Rph14), respectively. Bulk segregant analysis on DNA from the parental genotypes and resistant and susceptible DNA bulks using
DArT markers located Rph14 to the short arm of chromosome 2H. DArT marker bPb-1664 was identified as having the closest genetic association with Rph14. PCR based marker analysis identified a single SSR marker, Bmag692, linked closely to Rph14 at a map distance of 2.1 and 3.8 cm in the ‘Baudin’/‘PI 584760’and ‘Ricardo’/‘PI 584760’ populations, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Bell A 《Biological cybernetics》2007,96(4):421-438
Frequency analysis by the mammalian cochlea is traditionally thought to occur via a hydrodynamically coupled ‘travelling wave’
along the basilar membrane. A persistent difficulty with this picture is how sharp tuning can emerge. This paper proposes,
and models, a supplementary or alternative mechanism: it supposes that the cochlea analyses sound by setting up standing waves
between parallel rows of outer hair cells. In this scheme, multiple cells mutually interact through positive feedback of wave-borne
energy. Analytical modelling and numerical evaluation presented here demonstrate that this can provide narrow-band frequency
analysis. Graded cochlear tuning will then rely on the distance between rows becoming greater as distance from the base increases
(as exhibited by the actual cochlea) and on the wave’s phase velocity becoming slower. In effect, tuning is now a case of
varying the feedback delay between the rows, and a prime candidate for a wave exhibiting suitably graded phase velocity—a
short-wavelength ‘squirting wave’—is identified and used in the modelling. In this way, resonance between rows could supply
both amplification and high Q, characteristics underlying the ‘cochlear amplifier’—the device whose action has long been evident to auditory science but
whose anatomical basis and mode of operation are still obscure. 相似文献
4.
Embryonic stem cells, totipotent cells of the early mouse embryo, were established as permanent cell lines of undifferentiated
cells. ES cells provide an important cellular system in developmental biology for the manipulation of preselected genes in
mice by using the gene targeting technology. Embryonic stem cells, when cultivated as embryo-like aggregates, so-called ‘embryoid
bodies’, are able to differentiate in vitro into derivatives of all three primary germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm and
mesoderm. We established differentiation protocols for the in vitro development of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells into
differentiated cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, neuronal, epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. During differentiation,
tissue-specific genes, proteins, ion channels, receptors and action potentials were expressed in a developmentally controlled
pattern. This pattern closely recapitulates the developmental pattern during embryogenesis in the living organism. In vitro,
the controlled developmental pattern was found to be influenced by differentiation and growth factor molecules or by xenobiotics.
Furthermore, the differentiation system has been used for genetic analyses by ‘gain of function’ and ‘loss of function’ approaches
in vitro.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Andrea Patocchi Markus Kellerhals Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):257-267
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic basis of rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). A. schlechtendali infestation of apple trees has increased as a consequence of reduced side effects of modern fungicides on rust mites. An
analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was carried out using linkage map data available for F1 progeny plants of the cultivars ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Apple trees representing 160 different genotypes were surveyed for
rust mite infestation, each at three different sites in two consecutive years. The distribution of rust mites on the individual
apple genotypes was aggregated and significantly affected by apple genotype and site. We identified two QTLs for A. schlechtendali resistance on linkage group 7 of ‘Fiesta’. The AFLP marker E35M42-0146 (20.2 cM) and the RAPD marker AE10-400 (45.8 cM) were
closest positioned to the QTLs and explained between 11.0% and 16.6% of the phenotypic variability. Additionally, putative
QTLs on the ‘Discovery’ chromosomes 4, 5 and 8 were detected. The SSR marker Hi03a10 identified to be associated to one of
the QTLs (AFLP marker E35M42-0146) was traced back in the ‘Fiesta’ pedigree to the apple cultivar ‘Wagener’. This marker may
facilitate the breeding of resistant apple cultivars by marker assisted selection. Furthermore, the genetic background of
rust mite resistance in existing cultivars can be evaluated by testing them for the identified SSR marker.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
7.
P. Bettini E. Cosi M. G. Pellegrini L. Turbanti G. Vendramin M. Buiatti 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(4):575-583
Previous work carried out in our laboratory has shown that, in tomato, the alteration of endogenous phytohormone equilibria
through the integration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens genes for auxin and cytokinin synthesis can modify the active defense response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The susceptible cv ‘Red River’ acquires a stable competence for active defense, particularly when the phytohormone equilibrium
is altered in favour of cytokinins. Here, we analyse the expression of genes involved in the defense response against pathogens,
i.e. pathogenesis-related (PR)-protein genes, in the susceptible ‘Red River’ and resistant ‘Davis’ cultivars transgenic for
the aforementioned genes. Fungal cell-wall components, glutathione, salicylic acid and the ethylene-forming ethephon are used
as “probes” for the induction of defense processes, including ethylene production. The data obtained show that the extracellular
PR-proteins (acidic chitinase and PR-1 protein) that were inducible in the control tissue of the resistant ‘Davis’ cultivar
and not expressed in the susceptible ‘Red River’ cultivar became constitutive in the transgenic tissues of both. On the other
hand, expression of the intracellular PR-proteins (basic chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase) was found to be constitutive in all
cases, both in the control and in the transgenic cell lines of the resistant and the susceptible tomato cultivars. Ethylene
production was higher in ‘Davis’ than in ‘Red River’, and significantly increased in the transgenic cell lines, particularly
when cytokinin synthesis was altered.
Received: 25 February 1998 / Accepted: 7 April 1998 相似文献
8.
G. D. Wassermann 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》1986,48(5-6):661-680
Earlier and some recent ideas about the possible modes of specification of the wiring-in of nervous systems are reviewed in
the light of older and several recent experiments, and some new ideas are suggested. It is argued that certain general principles,
notably the postulated ‘principle of alternative matching’ (PALMA) and a suggested and related ‘kaleidoscopic effect’ (KALEF),
as well as the notion of an ‘extracellular guidance network’ (ECGN), are in good agreement with recent and older findings
concerning axonal guidance during neural wiring-in. It seems possible that by means of genetically programmed processes, neurons
become systematically combinatorially labelled to such a degree that possibly all neurons areuniquely specified, as regards the combination oftypes of cell labels they make. Yet, there remains considerable freedom as regards the modes of arrangements of cell labels within
cell surface membranes and the KALEF permits to overcome apparent difficulties that confronted earlier versions of the cell
labelling hypotheses (cf. Edelman,Science
219, 450–457, 1983, for mention of such difficulties). Apart from label specification, neural development seems to depend on
trophic factors, which are also essential for the maintenance of the developed nervous system. The systematic programmes for
cell labelling, apart from generating all the required neurons, also produces inappropriate neurons and synaptic connections.
These are got rid of by systematic cell death and/or atrophy of inappropriate synapses and/or elimination of inappropriate
axon collaterals. The resulting neural net seems then very specifically wired-in for each species, apparently without redundant
neurons. 相似文献
9.
Development and characterization of a codominant marker linked to root-knot nematode resistance, and its application to peach rootstock breeding 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Z.-X. Lu K. Sossey-Alaoui G. L. Reighard Wm. V. Baird A. G. Abbott 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(1-2):115-122
The presence of a codominant AFLP marker, EAA/MCAT10, correlates with the primary source of resistance to root-knot nematodes
(Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica) in rootstock cultivars of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Two allelic DNA fragments of this AFLP marker were cloned, sequenced and converted to sequence tagged sites
(STS). Four nucleotide differences (i.e. one addition and three substitutions) were observed between the two clones. Furthermore,
there was a diagnostic Sau3 AI cleavage site (GATC) in the large fragment that was absent from the small fragment (GTTC at this site). The applicability
of this STS marker system to peach germplasm improvement was evaluated: genomic DNAs of cross parents (i.e. ‘Lovell’ and ‘Nemared’),
four F1 hybrids (K62-67, K62-68, P101-40 and P101-41) and two F2 populations (from K62-68 and P101-41), as well as DNA from a test panel of 18 rootstock cultivars or selections, were PCR-amplified
with the Mij3F/Mij1R primer pair and then digested with Sau3 AI. The banding patterns showed that the EAA/MCAT10 STS markers can clearly distinguish the three genotypes – homozygous
resistant, heterozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible – in the ‘Lovell’בNemared’ cross. In addition, results from
the rootstock survey were consistent with each rootstock’s phenotypic response to nematode infection, except for ‘Okinawa’,
‘Flordaguard’ and ‘Yunnan’ where root-knot resistance may have arisen independently. Therefore, the EAA/MCAT10 STS markers
will be a useful tool to initiate marker assisted selection studies in peach rootstock breeding for root-knot nematode resistance.
Received: 4 January 1999 / Accepted: 4 January 1999 相似文献
10.
M. Mohan P. V. Sathyanarayanan A. Kumar M. N. Srivastava S. Nair 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):777-782
A PCR-based marker (E20570) linked to the gene Gm4t, which confers resistance to a dipteran pest gall midge (Orseolia oryzae), has been mapped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique in rice. Gm4t is a dominant resistance gene. We initially failed to detect useful polymorphism for this marker in a F3 mapping population derived from a cross between two indica parents, ‘Abhaya’בShyamala’, with as many as 35 restriction enzymes. ‘Abhaya’ carries the resistance gene Gm4t and ‘Shyamala’ is susceptible to gall midge. Subsequently, E20570 was mapped using another mapping population represented by a F2 progeny from a cross between ‘Nipponbare’, a japonica variety, and ‘Kasalath’, an indica variety, in which the gene Gm4t was not known to be present. Gm4t mapped onto chromosome 8 between markers R1813 and S1633B. Our method, thus, presents an alternative way of mapping genes
which otherwise would be difficult to map because of a lack of polymorphism between closely related parents differing in desired
agronomic traits.
Received: 1 April 1997 / Accepted: 13 May 1997 相似文献
11.
Hilde Nybom Artur Mikiciński Larisa Garkava-Gustavsson Jasna Sehic Mariusz Lewandowski Piotr Sobiczewski 《Trees - Structure and Function》2012,26(1):199-213
Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) causes serious damage to pome fruit orchards, and identification of germplasm with heritable disease resistance is therefore
crucial. Two dominant SCAR (sequence characterised amplified region) marker alleles (AE10-375 and GE-8019), flanking a previously
identified QTL (quantitative trait locus) for resistance to fire blight on ‘Fiesta’ linkage group 7 in apple cultivars related
to ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’, were screened on 205 apple cultivars. Both marker alleles were present in 22% of the cultivars,
indicating presence of the QTL allele for tolerance, and both were lacking in 25%, indicating homozygosity for absence of
the QTL tolerance allele. However, 33% had only the marker allele AE10-375, while 20% had only GE-8019, suggesting that some
cultivars with the dominant alleles for both of the flanking markers can carry these on separate chromosomes and may lack
the QTL allele for tolerance. In 2009 and 2010, terminal shoots of greenhouse-grown grafted trees of 21 cultivars (only 20
in 2010) were inoculated with Erwinia amylovora. ‘Idared’ (susceptible) and ‘Enterprise’ (tolerant) were included as controls. Disease severity for each cultivar was expressed
as percentage of necrosis in relation to entire length of shoot, and the ranking of cultivars in 2009 and 2010 was compared
with a Spearman rank correlation test, P < 0.01. A relationship between presence of both flanking marker alleles for tolerance and level of fire blight tolerance
was confirmed with a Mann–Whitney U-test, P < 0.01 in 2009, and P < 0.05 in 2010. A PCO (principal coordinate) analysis based on band profiles obtained with 12 SSR (simple sequence repeat)
loci produced three loose clusters, two of which contained known offspring of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’, and one with cultivars
that were either unrelated or had an unknown origin. Cases where DNA markers did not predict level of fire blight damage as
expected, were, however, as common among descendants of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ as among apparently unrelated cultivars. Obviously
the ‘Fiesta’ LG 7 QTL has some predictive value, both for known ‘Cox’ relatives and others, but more efficient markers would
be desirable for marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
12.
V. Korzun M. S. Röder M. W. Ganal A. J. Worland C. N. Law 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(8):1104-1109
Two sets of single chromosome recombinant lines comparing 2D chromosomes from the wheat varieties ‘Ciano 67’ and ‘Mara’ with
the common 2D chromosome of ‘Cappelle-Desprez’ in a ‘Cappelle-Desprez’ background were used to detect a diagnostic wheat microsatellite
marker for the dwarfing gene Rht8. The genetic linkage maps place the wheat microsatellite marker WMS 261 0.6 cM distal to Rht8 on the short arm of chromosome 2D. By PCR analysis the WMS 261 alleles of ‘Mara’, ‘Cappelle-Desprez’ and ‘Ciano 67’ could
be distinguished by different fragment sizes of 192 bp, 174 bp and 165 bp, respectively. A screen of over 100 international
varieties of wheat showed that the three allelic variants were all widespread. It also demonstrated that a limited number
of varieties carried novel WMS 261 variants of over 200 bp. Following classification of the individual recombinant lines for
allelic variants at the WMS 261 locus it was possible to attribute a 7- to 8-cm reduction in plant height with the WMS 261-192-bp
allele compared to the WMS 261-174-bp allele in the set of recombinant lines comparing 2D chromosomes of ‘Mara’ and ‘Cappelle-Desprez’.
A height reduction of around 3 cm was detected between the WMS 261-174-bp allele and the WMS 261-165-bp allele in the recombinant
lines comparing 2D chromosomes of ‘Cappelle-Desprez’ and ‘Ciano 67’.
Received: 17 October 1997 / Accepted: 12 November 1997 相似文献
13.
V. G. M. Bus D. Chagné H. C. M. Bassett D. Bowatte F. Calenge J.-M. Celton C.-E. Durel M. T. Malone A. Patocchi A. C. Ranatunga E. H. A. Rikkerink D. S. Tustin J. Zhou S. E. Gardiner 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(2):223-236
Woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) can be a major economic problem to apple growers in most parts of the world, and resistance breeding provides a sustainable
means to control this pest. We report molecular markers for three genes conferring WAA resistance and placing them on two
linkage groups (LG) on the genetic map of apple. The Er1 and Er2 genes derived from ‘Northern Spy’ and ‘Robusta 5,’ respectively, are the two major genes that breeders have used to date
to improve the resistance of apple rootstocks to this pest. The gene Er3, from ‘Aotea 1’ (an accession classified as Malus sieboldii), is a new major gene for WAA resistance. Genetic markers linked to the Er1 and Er3 genes were identified by screening random amplification of polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; RAPD) markers across DNA
bulks from resistant and susceptible plants from populations segregating for these genes. The closest RAPD markers were converted
into sequence-characterized amplified region markers and the genome location of these two genes was assigned to LG 08 by aligning
the maps around the genes with a reference map of ‘Discovery’ using microsatellite markers. The Er2 gene was located on LG 17 of ‘Robusta 5’ using a genetic map developed in a M.9 × ‘Robusta 5’ progeny. Markers for each of
the genes were validated for their usefulness for marker-assisted selection in separate populations. The potential use of
the genetic markers for these genes in the breeding of apple cultivars with durable resistance to WAA is discussed. 相似文献
14.
This contribution is aimed to give support to ‘bottom-up’ approaches to the minimal or early cell research project. Even if,
from this perspective, the most simple living cell still seems very far away, the analysis of less complex, infrabiological
cellular systems (some of which could be relatively soon implemented in the lab) probably holds the key, or one of the fundamental
keys, to the problem of origins of life. On these lines, we propose a simulation model to study the transition from proto-metabolic
‘lipid’ cells to ‘lipid-peptide’ cells, as a critical step in which self-reproducing vesicles could develop into more functionalized supramolecular systems
Presented at: International School of Complexity – 4th Course: Basic Questions on the Origins of Life; “Ettore Majorana” Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy, 1–6 October 2006. 相似文献
15.
We report the fine mapping of the previously described quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain weight QTgw.ipk-7D associated with microsatellite marker Xgwm1002-7D by using introgression lines (ILs) carrying introgressions of the synthetic wheat W-7984 in the genetic background of the
German winter wheat variety ‘Prinz’. The BC4F3 ILs had a 10% increased thousand grain weight compared to the control group and the recurrent parent ‘Prinz’, and 84.7% of
the phenotypic variance could be explained by the segregation of marker Xgwm1002-7D, suggesting the presence of a gene modulating grain weight, which was preliminarily designated gw1. It was possible to delimit the QTL QTgw.ipk-7D to the interval Xgwm295–Xgwm1002, which is located in the most telomeric bin 7DS4-0.61-1.00 in the physical map of wheat chromosome arm 7DS. Furthermore,
our data suggest the presence of a novel plant height-reducing locus Rht on chromosome arm 7DS of ‘Prinz’. Larger grain and increased plant height may reflect the pleiotropic action of one gene
or may be caused by two linked genes. In general, our data support the concept of using nearly isogenic ILs for validating
and dissecting QTLs into single Mendelian genes and open the gateway for map-based cloning of a grain-weight QTL in wheat. 相似文献
16.
Hoffmann S Di Gaspero G Kovács L Howard S Kiss E Galbács Z Testolin R Kozma P 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,116(3):427-438
Vitis vinifera ‘Kishmish vatkana’, a cultivated grapevine from Central Asia, does not produce visible symptoms in response to natural or
artificial inoculation with the fungus Erysiphe necator Schwein., the casual agent of powdery mildew. ‘Kishmish vatkana’ allowed pathogen entry into epidermal cells at a rate comparable
to that in the susceptible control Vitis vinifera ‘Nimrang’, but was able to limit subsequent hyphal proliferation. Density of conidiophores was significantly lower in ‘Kishmish
vatkana’ (33.6 ± 8.7 conidiophores mm−2) than in ‘Nimrang’ (310.5 ± 24.0 conidiophores mm−2) by 120 h after inoculation. A progeny of 310 plants from a ‘Nimrang’ × ‘Kishmish vatkana’ cross were scored for the presence
or absence of visible conidiophores throughout two successive seasons. Phenotypic segregation revealed the presence of a single
dominant allele termed Resistance to Erysiphe necator 1 (REN1), which was heterozygous in ‘Kishmish vatkana’. A bulked segregant analysis was carried out using 195 microsatellite markers
uniformly distributed across the entire genome. For each marker, association with the resistance trait was inferred by measuring
in the bulks the ratio of peak intensities of the two alleles inherited from ‘Kishmish vatkana’. The phenotypic locus was
assigned to linkage group 13, a genomic region in which no disease resistance had been reported previously. The REN1 position was restricted to a 7.4 cM interval by analyzing the 310 offspring for the segregation of markers that surrounded
the target region. The closest markers, VMC9H4-2, VMCNG4E10-1 and UDV-020, were located 0.9 cM away from the REN1 locus.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
17.
Kathryn Kamo Janet Chen Roger Lawson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(4):425-430
Summary Inflorencence stalks from greenhouse-grownGladiolus plants of the cultivars ‘Blue Isle’ and ‘Hunting Song’ cultured on a Murashige and Skoog basal salts medium supplemented
with 53.6 μM 1-napthaleneacetic acid formed a compact, not friable type of callus that regenerated plantlets. Cormel slices and intact
plantlets of three cultivars (‘Peter Pears’, ‘Rosa Supreme’, ‘Jenny Lee’) propagated through tissue culture formed a friable
type of callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal salts medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. This
friable callus readily formed a cell suspension when the callus was placed in a liquid medium. Plants were regenerated from
two-month-old suspension cell cultures of the commercial cultivar ‘Peter Pears’ after the suspension cells had been cultured
on solid medium. 相似文献
18.
A. B. Mandal Aparna Maiti Bikash Chowdhury R. Elanchezhian 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(5):599-604
Summary Salt-soluble polypeptide and a few isozymes were profiled to identify banana cultivars available in Andamans, India. Salt-soluble
polypeptide profile was found to be inappropriate in cultivar identification However, isozymes such as peroxidase could differentiate
‘Jungli kela’, ‘Tissue Cultured Dwarf Cavendish’ (TCDC), ‘Lal kela’, ‘Rajbel’, and ‘Baratang wild’, while esterase identified
all the cultivars except ‘Rajbel’ and ‘Tarkari kela’. The latter two cultivars could be identified with the use of malate
dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase profiles, MDH portrayed cultivar-specific distinct banding pattern in ‘Khatta Champa’,
‘Tarkari kela’, and ‘Baratang wild’, ‘China kela’ could be identified easily by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Amongst four isozymes,
esterase was found to be most efficient in identifying eight cultivars amongst 10; bence this isozyme may be used often as
a marker for cultivar identification of banana. 相似文献
19.
L. Verdoodt A. Van Haute I. J. Goderis K. De Witte J. Keulemans W. Broothaerts 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(2):294-300
To obtain homozygous genotypes of apple, we have induced haploid development of either the female or the male gametes by
parthenogenesis in situ and anther culture, respectively. Of the shoots obtained, which were mainly of a non-haploid nature,
some could be derived from fertilised egg cells or from sporophytic anther tissue. In order to select the shoots having a
true haploid origin, and thus homozygotes, we decided to use the single multi-allelic self-incompatibility gene as a molecular
marker to discriminate homozygous from heterozygous individuals. The rationale behind this approach was that diploid apple
cultivars contain 2 different alleles of the S-gene and therefore the haploid induced shoots obtained from them should have only one of the alleles of the single parent.
The parental cultivars used were ‘Idared’ (parthenogenesis in situ) and ‘Braeburn’ (androgenesis), and their S-genotypes were known, except for 1 of the ‘Braeburn’S-alleles. To stimulate parthenogenetic development ‘Idared’ styles were pollinated with irradiated ‘Baskatong’ pollen, the
S-alleles of the latter (2n) cultivar were also unknown. The cloning and sequence analysis of these 3 unidentified S-alleles, 1 from ‘Braeburn’ and 2 from ‘Baskatong’ is described, and we show that they correspond to the S
24
-, S
26
- and S
27
-alleles. We have optimised a method for analysis of the S-alleles of ‘Idared/Baskatong’- or ‘Braeburn’-derived in vitro plant tissues and have shown that this approach can be applied
for the screening of the in vitro shoots for their haploid origin.
Received: 18 August 1997 / Accepted: 10 September 1997 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars,
‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production
and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment,
ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage
(stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’
than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh-ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-induced expression patterns of
Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration
of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhibited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes
of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in
‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding. 相似文献