Adipose Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis through Angiogenesis

1. Download : Download high-res image (144KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Two-way modulations of adipose VEGF were generated with aP2-Cre transgene ? Adipose VEGF KO reduces vasculature, increases hypoxia and inflammation in fat ? Adipose VEGF KO accelerates the development of metabolic disease in high-fat diet ? Induced adipose VEGF has opposite effect on fat and restores metabolic homeostasis     

Imbalance between Neutrophil Elastase and its Inhibitor α1-Antitrypsin in Obesity Alters Insulin Sensitivity,Inflammation, and Energy Expenditure

1. Download : Download high-res image (169KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Obese men and mice have decreased serum A1AT levels and increased NE activity ? Neutrophil infiltration and NE deposition occur in adipose tissue from HFD-fed mice ? NE^?/? and A1AT Tg mice have reduced HFD-induced insulin resistance and inflammation ? NE deletion increases AMPK signaling and fatty acid oxidation in liver and BAT     

Imprinted gene dosage is critical for the transition to independent life

1. Download : Download high-res image (266KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Correct dosage of chromosome 12-imprinted genes is essential for postnatal survival ? Disruption of Dlk1 and Dio3 imprinting causes failure to adapt to independent life ? Maximal brown adipose activity is required as animals first leave the nest ? Dlk1 and Dio3 regulate maturation of brown adipose tissue     

EBF2 Determines and Maintains Brown Adipocyte Identity

1. Download : Download high-res image (128KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Ebf2 is selectively expressed in brown relative to white adipocytes and binds to chromatin at brown fat-specific target sites of Pparγ ? Ebf2 expression in white fat or muscle precursor cells recruits Pparγ to its brown fat-specific gene targets and drives a complete program of brown adipocyte differentiation ? Brown adipose cells and tissue from Ebf2-deficient mice display a complete loss of thermogenic characteristics while gaining molecular attributes of white adipose     

MicroRNA-133 Controls Brown Adipose Determination in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting Prdm16

1. Download : Download high-res image (182KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Satellite cells can differentiate into brown adipocytes ? MicroRNA-133 targets Prdm16 3′UTR and controls brown adipose determination ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism induces active brown adipocytes within regenerating muscle ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism impedes the development of obesity     

Inhibition of Leptin Regulation of Parasympathetic Signaling as a Cause of Extreme Body Weight-Associated Asthma

1. Download : Download high-res image (206KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Leptin regulates airway diameter, independently of body weight and inflammation ? Leptin uses the parasympathetic tone to regulate airway diameter ? Modulating the parasympathetic tone can correct bronchoconstriction in obese mice     

Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link β cell dysfunction and islet inflammation

1. Download : Download high-res image (196KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Palmitate induces β cell dysfunction by activating inflammatory processes in islets ? β cells sense palmitate via the TLR4 pathway and recruit M1 macrophages to islets ? M1 macrophages play a pivotal role in palmitate-induced β cell dysfunction ? M1 macrophages and inflammation also play a role in β cell dysfunction in T2D models     

p38 MAPK controls prothrombin expression by regulated RNA 3' end processing

1. Download : Download high-res image (239KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? External signals regulate 3′ end mRNA processing through p38 MAPK activation ? The mechanism is controlled by a competitive mRNP formation in the 3′UTR ? The mechanism is activated by acute phase stress and inflammation ? The prototypic thrombin links the mechanism to blood coagulation and tumor spread     

Monitoring the inflammatory response to infection through the integration of MALDI IMS and MRI

1. Download : Download high-res image (103KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? IMS provides a whole-animal view of the inflammatory response to infection ? IMS identifies protein masses that are abundant at sites of inflammation ? Anatomic information at the site of infection can be generated by MRI ? Integrated IMS and MRI enable a 3D view of the host-pathogen interaction     

Lactocepin secreted by Lactobacillus exerts anti-inflammatory effects by selectively degrading proinflammatory chemokines

1. Download : Download high-res image (211KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PrtP-encoded lactocepin degrades proinflammatory chemokines, notably IP-10 ? Lactocepin reduces lymphocyte infiltration in an ileitis model ? Lactocepin lowers IP-10 levels and cecal inflammation in a colitis model ? Lactocepin-based therapy may be a treatment option for chemokine-mediated diseases     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

1. Download : Download high-res image (139KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (229KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (184KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

The Centrosome Regulates the Rab11- Dependent Recycling Endosome Pathway at Appendages of the Mother Centriole

1. Download : Download high-res image (153KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Endosome-proteins localize to centrosomes independent of membranes ? Rab11 and its modulators localize to mother centriole appendages ? Mother centriole appendages regulate membrane recycling through Rab11     

Comprehensive Analysis of Silencing Mutants Reveals Complex Regulation of the Arabidopsis Methylome

1. Download : Download high-res image (202KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps in 86 silencing mutants ? Complex interplays between different DNA methylation pathways ? Identification of novel regulators of DNA methylation     

Protein model discrimination using mutational sensitivity derived from deep sequencing

1. Download : Download high-res image (318KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Individual mutant phenotypes in a saturation library derived via deep sequencing ? Residue depth and active-site residue derivation from mutant phenotypes ? Mutant-phenotype-derived parameters used for protein model discrimination ? Derivation of sequence-structure-function relationships without protein isolation     

Tremor Suppression by Rhythmic Transcranial Current Stimulation

1. Download : Download high-res image (299KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Phase-cancelling cortical stimulation attenuates Parkinsonian tremor ? Prolonged stimulation may invoke adaptive mechanisms ? Phase cancellation may provide a generic treatment approach to oscillopathies ? TACS provides a convenient probe of cortical circuit dynamics in humans     

Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration

1. Download : Download high-res image (442KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Not all hepatocytes undergo cell division during liver regeneration ? Hypertrophy precedes proliferation in the regenerating liver ? Hepatocytes infrequently enter into M phase during liver regeneration ? Binuclear hepatocytes undergo cell division to generate mononuclear hepatocytes     

MTR1 encodes a secretory fasciclin glycoprotein required for male reproductive development in rice

1. Download : Download high-res image (356KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The fasciclin glycoprotein MTR1 regulates male reproductive development in rice ? Rice male reproductive cells secrete MTR1 to control somatic tapetum development