HSF-1 regulators DDL-1/2 link insulin-like signaling to heat-shock responses and modulation of longevity

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Highlights? C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like signaling negatively regulates HSF-1 activity ? DDL-1 and DDL-2 are negative regulators of HSF-1 ? Formation of a complex containing DDL-1/2 and HSF-1 inhibits HSF-1 activity ? DAF-2 signaling promotes DHIC formation by inhibiting DDL-1 phosphorylation     

Redox-Dependent Control of FOXO/DAF-16 by Transportin-1

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Highlights? FOXO forms redox-sensitive, disulfide-dependent complexes with several proteins ? Transportin-1 binds to FOXO via a disulfide and regulates its nuclear localization ? Redox and insulin signaling govern FOXO nuclear localization via distinct pathways ? Redox control of longevity protein FOXO/DAF-16 is evolutionarily conserved     

A Fasting-Responsive Signaling Pathway that Extends Life Span in C. elegans

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Highlights? JNK/AP-1 signaling and DAF-16 play a central role in fasting-stimulus responses ? AP-1 and DAF-16 mediate induction of fasting genes that play key roles in life-span extension ? The SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is a target of fasting-responsive signaling ? Fasting enhances protein ubiquitination, causing a reduction in protein carbonylation     

Myosin-V Opposes Microtubule-Based Cargo Transport and Drives Directional Motility on Cortical Actin

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Highlights? Myosin-V alternates between active and passive actin-binding modes ? Myosin-V opposes kinesin-propelled cargo redistribution ? Myosin-V anchors kinesin-propelled cargo in actin-rich areas ? Myosin-V can drive medium-range directional transport at the cell periphery     

Cdc42 activity regulates hematopoietic stem cell aging and rejuvenation

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Highlights? Constitutively increasing Cdc42 activity causes aging of young HSCs ? Elevated Cdc42 activity correlates with a loss of cell polarity in aged HSCs ? Inhibition of Cdc42 activity rejuvenates aged LT-HSC function ? Cdc42 inhibition restores the level and spatial distribution of AcH4K16     

The RNA Pol II Elongation Factor Ell3 Marks Enhancers in ES Cells and Primes Future Gene Activation

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Highlights? Ell3 is preferentially found at active, poised, and inactive enhancers in ES cells ? Promoter-proximal Pol II occupancy at key developmental genes requires Ell3 ? Cohesin functions in Ell3-associated enhancer-promoter communication ? Recruitment of P-TEFb within SEC during differentiation is Ell3 dependent     

Fas/CD95-Induced Chemokines Can Serve as “Find-Me” Signals for Apoptotic Cells

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Highlights? Fas-induced apoptosis is associated with secretion of cytokines and chemokines ? Fas-driven MCP-1 and IL-8 were chemotactic for monocytes and neutrophils, respectively ? IL-8 and MCP-1 can act as “find-me” signals for apoptotic cells ? Apoptotic cells can actively communicate with cells of the immune system     

BLOC-3 Mutated in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Is a Rab32/38 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor

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Highlights? The Hps1-Hps4 complex (BLOC-3) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) ? Purified BLOC-3 has specific GEF activity toward Rab32 and Rab38 ? BLOC-3 can promote recruitment of Rab32 and Rab38 to membranes ? BLOC-3 and its target Rabs act in the biogenesis of melanosomes     

Pou5f1-Dependent EGF Expression Controls E-Cadherin Endocytosis,Cell Adhesion,and Zebrafish Epiboly Movements

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Highlights? Pou5f1 regulates EGF expression during oogenesis ? EGFR signaling controls E-cadherin trafficking at blastula and gastrula stages ? E-cadherin subcellular trafficking controls adhesion and cell migration ? Dynamics of E-cadherin adhesion is essential for effective cell migration     

Xenobiotics Shape the Physiology and Gene Expression of the Active Human Gut Microbiome

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Highlights? The gut microbiome is highly active, similar to nutrient-rich productive systems ? Firmicutes dominate the active and damaged subsets of the gut microbiome ? Both antibiotics and host-targeted drugs rapidly alter the active gut microbiome ? Xenobiotics induce genes for drug metabolism, drug resistance, and stress response     

Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration

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Highlights? Not all hepatocytes undergo cell division during liver regeneration ? Hypertrophy precedes proliferation in the regenerating liver ? Hepatocytes infrequently enter into M phase during liver regeneration ? Binuclear hepatocytes undergo cell division to generate mononuclear hepatocytes     

Interplay between the Dividing Cell and Its Neighbors Regulates Adherens Junction Formation during Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissue

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Highlights? During cytokinesis, neighboring cells accumulate MyoII at the edges of the furrow ? MyoII nonautonomously sets the initial geometry of the daughter cell interface ? Neighboring membranes impede adherens junction (AJ) formation until a midbody forms ? Arp2/3-dependent actin accumulation in the dividing cell maintains AJ geometry     

Quiescent and Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells with Distinct Morphologies Respond Selectively to Physiological and Pathological Stimuli and Aging

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Highlights? Notch signaling defines morphologically distinct hippocampal stem cell populations ? Radial and horizontal hippocampal stem cells depend on canonical Notch signaling ? Different neural stem cell subpopulations respond selectively to neurogenic stimuli ? Aging results in a reversible transition of stem cells to a quiescent state     

Numb Localizes at Endosomes and Controls the Endosomal Sorting of Notch after Asymmetric Division in Drosophila

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Highlights? Numb relocalizes from the cortex to sorting endosomes at cytokinesis ? Numb is not essential for the internalization of Notch and Sanpodo ? Numb inhibits the recycling of Notch and Sanpodo ? Recycling inhibition in one daughter cell imposes directionality to Notch signaling     

MicroRNA-133 Controls Brown Adipose Determination in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting Prdm16

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Highlights? Satellite cells can differentiate into brown adipocytes ? MicroRNA-133 targets Prdm16 3′UTR and controls brown adipose determination ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism induces active brown adipocytes within regenerating muscle ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism impedes the development of obesity     

Molecular and structural basis of ESCRT-III recruitment to membranes during archaeal cell division

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Highlights? A conserved protein, CdvA, recruits ESCRT-III to membranes during cell division ? Recruitment is mediated by a peptide-winged helix domain interaction ? We have determined the structure of this complex ? CdvA and a single ESCRT-III protein can drive membrane deformation in vitro     

PPARγ agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein

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Highlights? PPARγ full agonists induce a brown fat phenotype in subcutaneous WAT ? PRDM16 is required for the development of PPARγ agonist-inducible brow adipocytes ? PRDM16 and PPARγ agonists synergistically activate the brown fat gene program ? Browning effect is mediated through the enhanced stability of the PRDM16 protein     

Division-coupled astrocytic differentiation and age-related depletion of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus

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Highlights? The neural stem cell pool declines over time during aging ? Neural stem cell activation prompts rapid asymmetric divisions ? After undergoing division, neural stem cells differentiate into astrocytes