ASH2L Regulates Ubiquitylation Signaling to MLL: trans-Regulation of H3 K4 Methylation in Higher Eukaryotes

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Highlights? ASH2L WH motif is important for trans-regulation of H3 K4 methylation by H2Bub ? Ub stimulates MLL activity in trans, in contrast to DOT1L regulation by H2Bub ? H2Bub enhances MLL, but not MLL3, methyltransferase activity ? H2Aub directly represses MLL methyltransferase activity     

Interplay between the Dividing Cell and Its Neighbors Regulates Adherens Junction Formation during Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissue

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Highlights? During cytokinesis, neighboring cells accumulate MyoII at the edges of the furrow ? MyoII nonautonomously sets the initial geometry of the daughter cell interface ? Neighboring membranes impede adherens junction (AJ) formation until a midbody forms ? Arp2/3-dependent actin accumulation in the dividing cell maintains AJ geometry     

The Helicobacter pylori virulence effector CagA abrogates human β-defensin 3 expression via inactivation of EGFR signaling

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Highlights? H. pylori is highly susceptible to the bactericidal activity of hBD3 ? hBD3 is initially induced by H. pylori via activation of EGFR/MAPK/JAK signaling ? H. pylori evades killing by downregulating hBD3 via CagA-mediated SHP-2 activation ? CagA virulence factor is a potent inhibitor of an immune effector mechanism     

Robustness and Epistasis in the C. elegans Vulval Signaling Network Revealed by Pathway Dosage Modulation

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Highlights? A phase map of cell fate patterns is built as a function of signaling pathway dose ? The vulva system can buffer a 4-fold variation in mean lin-3/egf mRNA number ? The major role of LIN-12/Notch in the vulva is to promote the 2° fate ? Inhibition of 1° fate by LIN-12 is important when lin-3 dose is mildly increased     

Structure of a bacteriophytochrome and light-stimulated protomer swapping with a gene repressor

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Highlights? Bacteriophytochrome structure containing photosensory and output transducing domain ? RpBphP1 binds to the cognate repressor RpPpsR2 on illumination with far-red light ? HOS domain is distantly related to Dhp and is essential for binding to the repressor ? Light-induced protomer swapping mechanism between dimers     

A novel aux/IAA28 signaling cascade activates GATA23-dependent specification of lateral root founder cell identity

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Highlights? GATA23 is involved in lateral root founder cell specification ? A coordinated migration of pericycle nuclei precedes the first asymmetric division ? An Aux/IAA28-dependent auxin signaling cascade controls GATA23 expression     

MicroRNA-92a Upholds Bmp Signaling by Targeting noggin3 during Pharyngeal Cartilage Formation

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Highlights? mir92a inactivation leads to loss of pharyngeal cartilages in zebrafish embryos ? mir92a is required for chondrogenic progenitor proliferation and survival ? Bmp signaling is positively regulated by mir92a in the pharyngeal region ? nog3 mRNA is degraded by mir92a to maintain Bmp activity     

Mycobacterium tuberculosis activates the DNA-dependent cytosolic surveillance pathway within macrophages

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Highlights? M. tuberculosis permeabilizes phagosomes and activates cytosolic signaling pathways ? Host cytoplasmic DNA receptors sense M. tuberculosis extracellular DNA ? DNA recognition activates the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway ? Cytosolic sensing promotes M. tuberculosis infection     

Trachea-Derived Dpp Controls Adult Midgut Homeostasis in Drosophila

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Highlights? Trachea-derived Dpp/Bmp is required for midgut homeostasis ? Dpp expressed in tracheal cells reach intestinal cells through visceral muscles ? Dpp signaling is activated in enterocytes (ECs) in the Drosophila adult midgut ? Dpp signaling stabilizes ECs to restrict intestinal stem cell proliferation     

Variable lymphocyte receptor recognition of the immunodominant glycoprotein of Bacillus anthracis spores

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Highlights? VLRBs use their C-terminal LRRs and the LRRCT-loop to interact with antigen ? Sequence-related VLRBs exhibit differential recognition of their BclA epitopes ? VLR4 binds a conserved protein epitope, yet is specific for B. anthracis spores     

Klf15 orchestrates circadian nitrogen homeostasis

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Highlights? Nitrogen homeostasis exhibits circadian rhythmicity in mammals ? Klf 15 regulates rhythmic amino acid utilization and ammonia detoxification ? Krüppel-like factor 15 is regulated by the circadian clock ? Feeding is a major external cue regulating Klf15 rhythmicity and nitrogen homeostasis     

bantam miRNA Promotes Systemic Growth by Connecting Insulin Signaling and Ecdysone Production

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Highlights? bantam is required in ecdysone-producing cells to promote body growth ? bantam inhibits ecdysone biosynthesis ? Insulin signaling regulates ecdysone production by repressing bantam activity ? Both the systemic and tissue-autonomous activities of bantam promote organ growth     

Sprouty1 Regulates Reversible Quiescence of a Self-Renewing Adult Muscle Stem Cell Pool during Regeneration

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Highlights? Pax7⁺ skeletal satellite cells regenerate muscle in their endogenous environment ? Quiescent satellite cells express the RTK inhibitor Spry1 ? Spry1 is needed for satellite cells to return to quiescence after muscle injury ? Deletion of Spry1 in satellite cells depletes the muscle stem cell pool     

Architecture of a dodecameric bacterial replicative helicase

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Highlights? Crystal structure of the ATPase domain of DnaB from Helicobacter pylori ? MALLS analysis shows that HpDnaB forms dodecamers ? EM reconstruction shows that HpDnaB forms head-to-head double hexamers     

Mucin Biopolymers Prevent Bacterial Aggregation by Retaining Cells in the Free-Swimming State

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Highlights? Mucin biopolymers reduce bacterial adhesion to underlying substrates ? Bacterial motility is maintained or increased in the presence of mucins ? Mucins block aggregate formation by motile bacteria ? Immotile Pseudomonas aeruginosa can form alginate and Psl-dependent flocs in mucus     

Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacological Rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 Pathway Required for Cardiac Inflow Tract Development

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Highlights? Wnt2 is required for atrial and inflow tract morphogenesis ? Wnt2 regulates expansion of secondary heart field progenitors ? Defects in Wnt2^?/? mutants can be rescued using Wnt signaling agonists ? Wnt2 cooperates with Gata6 to regulate cardiac inflow tract development     

HSF-1 regulators DDL-1/2 link insulin-like signaling to heat-shock responses and modulation of longevity

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Highlights? C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like signaling negatively regulates HSF-1 activity ? DDL-1 and DDL-2 are negative regulators of HSF-1 ? Formation of a complex containing DDL-1/2 and HSF-1 inhibits HSF-1 activity ? DAF-2 signaling promotes DHIC formation by inhibiting DDL-1 phosphorylation     

Rare Codons Regulate KRas Oncogenesis

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Highlights? Mammalian KRAS is enriched in rare codons that limit its expression ? Changing rare to common codons increases ectopic and endogenous KRAS expression ? KRAS oncogenicity is limited by rare codons ? Other gene pairs exhibit high sequence identity but opposing codon bias     

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase: structural basis for housing lipid substrates longer than the enzyme

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Highlights? M. tuberculosis FadD13 is a peripheral membrane protein ? Mutagenesis reveals an arginine-rich patch as the site for membrane interaction ? A hydrophobic tunnel extends from the active site to the positively charged patch ? The architecture lets substrates reside partly in the membrane during catalysis