PPARγ agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein

1. Download : Download high-res image (160KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PPARγ full agonists induce a brown fat phenotype in subcutaneous WAT ? PRDM16 is required for the development of PPARγ agonist-inducible brow adipocytes ? PRDM16 and PPARγ agonists synergistically activate the brown fat gene program ? Browning effect is mediated through the enhanced stability of the PRDM16 protein     

Imprinted gene dosage is critical for the transition to independent life

1. Download : Download high-res image (266KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Correct dosage of chromosome 12-imprinted genes is essential for postnatal survival ? Disruption of Dlk1 and Dio3 imprinting causes failure to adapt to independent life ? Maximal brown adipose activity is required as animals first leave the nest ? Dlk1 and Dio3 regulate maturation of brown adipose tissue     

MicroRNA-133 Controls Brown Adipose Determination in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting Prdm16

1. Download : Download high-res image (182KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Satellite cells can differentiate into brown adipocytes ? MicroRNA-133 targets Prdm16 3′UTR and controls brown adipose determination ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism induces active brown adipocytes within regenerating muscle ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism impedes the development of obesity     

SOD1 Integrates Signals from Oxygen and Glucose to Repress Respiration

1. Download : Download high-res image (154KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Glucose and O₂ signal through Cu/Zn SOD1 to repress respiration ? SOD1 binds to and prevents turnover of a casein kinase CK1γ for respiration control ? Superoxide from aerobic glucose metabolism feeds the SOD1 reaction to stabilize CK1γ ? Both human and yeast CK1γ stability are regulated by SOD1     

Foxg1 Coordinates the Switch from Nonradially to Radially Migrating Glutamatergic Subtypes in the Neocortex through Spatiotemporal Repression

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Foxg1 directs projection neuron production onset in the neocortex ? Foxg1 acts cell autonomously to switch mammalian cortical subtypes ? Progenitors retain a prolonged competence to initiate corticogenesis in vivo ? Ebf2/3, Dmrta1, and Eya2 are mammalian-specific repression targets of Foxg1     

Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity by PI3Kγ regulates β-adrenergic receptor function

1. Download : Download high-res image (376KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PI3Kγ inhibits βAR resensitization by regulating PP2A activity ? PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A activity by phosphorylating I2PP2A on Serine 9 and 93 ? Phosphorylation of I2PP2A leads to its agonist-mediated interaction with PP2A ? siRNA-targeted depletion of I2PP2A results in βAR resensitization     

Adipose Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis through Angiogenesis

1. Download : Download high-res image (144KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Two-way modulations of adipose VEGF were generated with aP2-Cre transgene ? Adipose VEGF KO reduces vasculature, increases hypoxia and inflammation in fat ? Adipose VEGF KO accelerates the development of metabolic disease in high-fat diet ? Induced adipose VEGF has opposite effect on fat and restores metabolic homeostasis     

Structural and Functional Integration of the PLCγ Interaction Domains Critical for Regulatory Mechanisms and Signaling Deregulation

1. Download : Download high-res image (312KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Domains from PLCγ regulatory region show structural and functional integration ? Only cSH2 domain interacts with the PLC-core forming a high affinity surface ? Activation involves removal of autoinhibition and dissociation from the receptor ? Disease-linked mutations map to the autoinhibitory interface     

Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Plays an Essential Role in Obesity-Induced Adipose Inflammation

1. Download : Download high-res image (274KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Obesity enhances MHCII expression in primary human and mouse adipocytes ? Adipocytes activate CD4+ ARTs via MHCII and leptin to induce adipose inflammation ? Macrophage changes in adipose follow adipocyte and T cell interactions during HFD ? Adaptive immune mechanisms are essential to obesity-induced adipose inflammation     

Comparative Secretome Analyses of Primary Murine White and Brown Adipocytes Reveal Novel Adipokines

1. Download : Download high-res image (61KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights

• •First comparative proteomic analysis of white and brown adipocyte secretomes.
• •100 novel adipokines differentially secreted from white versus brown adipocytes.
• •Functionally enriched protein class changes in white and brown adipocytes.
• •200 novel, NE-responsive adipokines from brown adipocytes.

     

Imbalance between Neutrophil Elastase and its Inhibitor α1-Antitrypsin in Obesity Alters Insulin Sensitivity,Inflammation, and Energy Expenditure

1. Download : Download high-res image (169KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Obese men and mice have decreased serum A1AT levels and increased NE activity ? Neutrophil infiltration and NE deposition occur in adipose tissue from HFD-fed mice ? NE^?/? and A1AT Tg mice have reduced HFD-induced insulin resistance and inflammation ? NE deletion increases AMPK signaling and fatty acid oxidation in liver and BAT     

Human IL-34 and CSF-1 Establish Structurally Similar Extracellular Assemblies with Their Common Hematopoietic Receptor

1. Download : Download high-res image (402KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Structural insights into the complete extracellular human IL-34:CSF-1R complex ? The C-terminal tail of hIL-34 is flexible and heavily O-linked glycosylated ? Inclusion of N-linked glycans drastically improves fitting of models to SAXS data ? Consensus principles for hCSF-1R activation by its two distinct cytokine ligands     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (184KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

1. Download : Download high-res image (139KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

The Architecture of EssB,an Integral Membrane Component of the Type VII Secretion System

1. Download : Download high-res image (131KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? EssB, a membrane-bound component of the type VII secretion system, forms a dimer ? The cytoplasmic segment EssB-N is remarkably similar to pseudokinases ? The extracellular C-terminal domain displays a helical fold ? PELDOR spectroscopy enabled construction of a model of the complete dimer     

Defining Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Antigenic Drift by Sequential Monoclonal Antibody Selection

1. Download : Download high-res image (376KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) easily accumulates substitutions while maintaining function ? Twelve amino acid substitutions enable complete escape from neutralizing antibodies ? Escape mutations in HA can require epistatic mutations in neuraminidase ? HA escape mutation space changes with each substitution, making predictions difficult     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis

1. Download : Download high-res image (126KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Drosophila Matrix Metalloprotease (Mmp) inhibits FGF signaling ? An FGF – MMP feedback loop regulates branching morphogenesis ? Mmp2 spatially regulates FGF signaling in epithelia