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苏云金芽孢杆菌不同亚种菌株制剂毒力效价的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂美国标准品:Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1-S-1980(H_(3a3b))对不同亚种制剂:Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Dendrolimus U菌株(H_(4a4b))和Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Galleriae C88菌株(H_5a5b))进行了毒力效价的研究。以U菌株制备的标样与美国标准品对不同试虫进行了比较。生物测定的结果表明,U菌株标样的效价分别为18666.6IU/mg(试虫为马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus 2龄幼虫)、22956.5IU/mg(试虫为小菜蛾Plutella xylostella 2龄幼虫),均高于美国标样16000IU/mg的水平。其敏感度为小菜蛾大于马尾松毛虫。以U菌株和C88菌株生产的中试产品用美国标准品进行毒力测定,试虫为马尾松毛虫,其结果表明,U菌株产品毒力效价为36444.4IU/mg;C88菌株产品为28521.7IU/mg,两者均明显高于美国标准品。试验结果还表明,采用美国标准品及马尾松毛虫和小菜蛾为… 相似文献
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昆虫中肠液性质对苏云金芽孢杆菌伴孢晶体毒力的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
综述了昆虫中肠液性质对苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis伴孢晶体毒力的影响。中肠液的酸碱度和蛋白酶是影响伴孢晶体溶解与原毒素活化的两大因素。中肠液的酸碱度不仅影响到伴孢晶体的溶解速度,还影响到各种蛋白酶的活性表现;而蛋白酶则直接参与了原毒素的活化,其组成与活性影响着原毒素的活化速度和杀虫专一性。因中肠液蛋白水解能力过高而导致原毒素的过度降解是某些昆虫对苏云金芽孢杆菌低度敏感的主要原因,而中肠液对原毒素活化能力的降低则与昆虫抗性的形成有关。此外,中肠液的沉淀作用及其它生理生化特性也影响着原毒素毒力的正常发挥。 相似文献
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为了克服苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillius thuringiensis, Bt)制剂在实践过程中存在的速效性差、持效期短、防效不稳定以及使害虫逐渐产生抗药性等诸多缺陷,各类添加剂已经被广泛应用于防治过程中以起到增效作用。就目前国内外已开展的各类添加剂对苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫活性的增效机制和方式的研究进行了概述,并指出其作用方式的潜在可能与途径,以期为苏云金芽孢杆菌生物农药作用机制的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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化学物质和保存条件对苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-内毒素的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了几种化学物质及保存温度与时间对几种苏云金杆菌δ-内毒素的毒力和晶体蛋白质的影响。结果表明,在所用浓度范围内,农乳600、二甲苯及氯氰菊酯对δ-内毒素的毒力有不同程度的影响。三种化学物质分别与伴孢晶体的混合物,室温下存放5个月或1年,其毒力有较明显到大幅度的下降。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,室温下存放6个月,各化学物质处理的晶体蛋白质被轻微、明显或完全降解。蒸馏水中的伴孢晶体,室温或-20℃下存放,毒力下降较缓慢,晶体蛋白质的降解程度亦较低。不同变种的δ-内毒素蛋白质的稳定性有差别。讨论了上述 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵上清中增效物质生成的相关研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用BIOSTAT ?-CL1 5L全自动发酵罐和 2 0t不锈钢发酵罐 ,对苏云金芽孢杆菌不同菌株 (GC-91 ,MP342 ,HD-1 )发酵上清液中增效物质的生成进行了研究 ,发现增效物质于对数生长期前期开始产生并积累 ,至对数生长期末期达到高峰 ,并保持稳定 ;不同菌株的发酵上清中增效物质生成量不同 ,其中GC-91最强 (增效倍数f=6.0 ) ,MP342次之 (f=3.7) ,HD 1最弱 (f=1.5 ) ;GC-91菌株上清液中增效物质生成曲线与晶体含量 ,效价代 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillius thuringiensis,Bt)制剂是当前应用最广、最有效的生物杀虫剂之一,因其对多种昆虫具有特异性杀虫活性,而被广泛用于农林业和公共卫生等领域的害虫防治,但田间施用后,其速效性差、持效期短和防效不稳定等弊端限制了其进一步的推广。将Bt制剂与增效物质(剂)、因子混合使用以提高其杀虫活性和田间防效稳定性,是最快速、有效的途径之一,因而国内外对此开展了广泛而深入的研究。主要介绍了化学添加剂、化学杀虫剂和生物杀虫剂等添加物对Bt制剂杀虫活性的增效作用研究进展,并探讨了增效物质(剂)、因子的开发和应用前景,以期为开发安全、高效的Bt制剂的增效物质(剂)、因子提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌Cyt蛋白研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis,简称Bt)是目前世界上应用最广泛、最成功的微生物杀虫剂 ,也是公认的无公害生物农药。苏云金芽孢杆菌最主要的杀虫活性物质是杀虫晶体蛋白 (InsecticidalCrys talProteins,ICPs) ,包括晶体蛋白 (Cry)和Cyt蛋白 (Cyt)两大类。这两类蛋白在氨基酸序列及其基因同源性上相距甚远 ,但它们均能在靶标害虫中肠内被激活成毒素 ,并在昆虫中肠细胞膜上形成孔道 ,进而引起中肠细胞胶样渗透裂解 (colloid osmoticlysis) ,最… 相似文献
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目的:探讨不同强度恒定磁场出生前暴露对仔鼠生后生长发育的影响。方法:将30只孕鼠自怀孕第0天始分别置于不同强度的恒定磁场(0.04T;0.08T;0.12T)中饲养,10只孕鼠作为对照。孕鼠让其自然分娩。仔鼠生后第2、3、8、20、22天分别开始观察和记录耳廓张开、平面翻正、张眼、睾丸下降、阴唇张开的时间。结果:耳廓张开及睁眼的时间在0.12T组分别为4.42±0.48天及14.19±0.94天,较对照组耳廓张开时间4.01±0.47天和睁眼时间13.21±0.79天相比差异有统计学意义,与其他强度磁场组相比无显著性差异.平面翻正、阴唇张开及睾丸下降出现时间在各组间相比差异无统计学意义。结论:恒定磁场出生前暴露可能对仔鼠的生长发育起到一定的影响,这种影响可能与磁场强度具有相关性。随着磁场强度的增加各个器官生长发育的时间相对延长。 相似文献
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Among six strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and five other species of Bacillus, only two strains of B. thuringiensis, strains HD-1 and BA-068, were toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae within 24 hr. The LC50s were 5.6 × 104 and 2.4 × 105 spores/ml for strains HD-1 and BA-068, respectively. The toxic factor(s) was heat sensitive and γ ray resistant and preliminary evidences indicated that it was associated with the crystalline body of B. thuringiensis. 相似文献
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Composition and Toxicity of the Inclusion of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
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The multisegmented ovoidal inclusion of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be composed of two structurally and biochemically distinct components. Electron microscopy of the inclusion revealed it to be composed mainly of osmiophobic or lightly stained segments crystallized in a lattice showing a repeat of approximately 4.3 nm. These light segments of the inclusions were shared by osmiophylic darkly stained segments with a crystal lattice repeat of approximately 7.8 nm. The lightly stained segments were soluble at pH 9.2 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-dithiothreitol-Tris-hydrochloride. The extracts of lightly stained segments were lytic to mammalian erythrocytes, and the precipitate obtained by lowering the pH to 5.2 was toxic to the larvae of Aedes egypti. The dark inclusion segments remaining, besides being much less toxic to larvae, were nonlytic to erythrocytes and were soluble at pH 10.5 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-dithiothreitol-Tris-hydrochloride. The light segment was composed of two major polypeptide doublets with molecular weights of 145,000 and 135,000, and 27,000 and 26,500, and the dark segments were composed of a single major polypeptide with a molecular-weight of 70,000. Hence, the inclusion of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is more complex than previously reported, and we conclude that the toxin may be the polypeptide with a molecular weight of 27,000 and 26,500. 相似文献
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Donovan E. Johnson 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》1981,38(1):94-101
The entomocidal protein from crystalline inclusion bodies of Bacillus thuringiensis can be bioassayed in vitro using cultured insect tissue. Larval cells of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, are damaged by enzyme-digested (activated) protein isolated from B. thuringiensis crystals. Measurement of toxicity is accomplished by detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in treated cultures using firefly bioluminescence. The ATP content of toxin-treated tissue is inversely proportional to the amount of toxin added. Tissue cells from the spruce budworm exhibited maximum susceptibility to activated δ-endotoxin after 120 hr incubation. Probit analysis of tissue ATP response to toxin dose indicated 50% of the cells were damaged by 14.6 μg or less of toxin protein per 2 × 105 insect tissue cells. Activated δ-endotoxin was entomocidal to insects as well, as detemined by mortality studies with second-instar larvae of the European corn borer. Electron microscopic observations of insect tissue treated with activated δ-endotoxin protein for 60 min revealed massive outer membrane disruption and subsequent loss of cytoplasmic constituents, accompanied by swelling of the nuclear membrane. 相似文献
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目的:观察不同强度(0.05T、0.08T、0.25T、0.1T)的磁处理水对光合细菌生长的影响。方法:采用分光光度法,半固体试管法。结果:磁场强度为0.05T、0.08T、0.25T的磁处理水对光合细菌的生长有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01);磁场强度为0.1T的磁处理水和对照组(未经磁处理的无菌水)对光合细菌的生长影响不大(P>0.05)。结论:磁处理水对光合细菌的生长有一定的影响,其生长情况与磁场强度有关。 相似文献
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