鼻咽癌细胞CIC-3在细胞周期中的表达

用免疫荧光、激光共聚焦显微镜图像分析及膜片钳等技术研究了鼻咽癌上皮CNE-2Z细胞容积激活性氯通道候选基因CIC-3的表达及其在细胞周期中与容积激活性氯电流及细胞容积调节性回缩(regulatory volume decrease,RVD)的关系。结果显示,CNE-2Z细胞表达CIC-3。CIC-3蛋白主要位于细胞内而不是在细胞膜上,其表达水平及其在细胞中的分布呈细胞周期依赖性。G1期细胞的CIC-3表达水平较低而S期则较高,M期细胞的表达水平中等。在细胞周期中,CIC-3表达水平与细胞RVD能力及容积激活性氯电流水平呈反比。上述观察结果提示,CIC-3可能参与细胞周期的调节,但CNE-2Z细胞中的CIC-3可能不是与RVD有关的氯通道。     

鼻咽癌细胞CIC-3在细胞周期中的表达(英文)

用免疫荧光、激光共聚焦显微镜图像分析及膜片钳等技术研究了鼻咽癌上皮cNE-2Z细胞容积激活性氯通道候选基因C1C-3的表达及其在细胞周期中与容积激活性氯电流及细胞容积调节性回缩(regulatorly volume decrease,RVD)的关系。结果显示,CNE-2Z细胞表达CIC-3。C1C-3蛋白主要位于细胞内而不是在细胞膜上,其表达水平及其在细胞中的分布呈细胞周期依赖性。G1期细胞的C1C-3表达水平较低而S期则较高,M期细胞的表达水平中等。在细胞周期中,C1C-3表达水平与细胞RVD能力及容积激活性氯电流水平呈反比。上述观察结果提示,C1C-3可能参与细胞周期的调节,但CNE-2Z细胞中的C1C-3可能不是与RVD有关的氯通道。     

14-3-3蛋白在细胞周期调节中的作用

14-3-3是一个在真核细胞中广泛表达、功能复杂的蛋白家族,主要通过磷酸化依赖的方式与靶蛋白结合,从而发挥其调控作用。细胞周期的调节对维持基因组的稳定性至关重要。近年来的研究发现,14-3—3蛋白可以和越来越多的细胞周期调节蛋白相互作用,调节G2／M期和G1／S期转换,从而对细胞周期起调控作用。简要综述了14—3—3蛋白在细胞周期调节中的作用。     

细胞周期蛋白D3在兔妊娠早期子宫和胚胎中的表达与调节

利用免疫组织化学及RT—PCR的方法,研究了细胞周期蛋白D3(Cyclin D3)在兔早期妊娠子宫和着床前胚胎中的表达情况,以揭示CyclinD3在兔胚胎着床过程中的可能作用。结果显示：(1)在兔妊娠第3～8天的子宫近肌层的腺上皮中有CyclinD3免疫染色,并且其表达强度在第7天以后呈现下降的趋势,着床的胚胎中未见CyclinD3免疫染色;(2)在第2～5天的假孕兔子宫的腺上皮中有较强的CyclinD3免疫染色;(3)在发情周期的兔子宫中未见其有表达;(4)在切除卵巢的兔中,注射雌激素后子宫中未见CyclinD3免疫染色,注射孕酮后在子宫腺上皮中有CyclinD3免疫染色,在孕酮和雌激素共同处理后的子宫腺上皮中有较强的CyclinD3免疫染色;(5)利用RT—PCR的方法在早期胚胎中均能检测到CyclinD3,但从胚泡期开始表达上升,到扩展胚泡时其表达最强。上述结果表明,CyclinD3的表达可能对兔胚泡的着床具有一定的调节作用。     

细胞周期蛋白（cyclin）D在鼻咽癌中的表达及功能初？…

探讨了细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）Ｄ在ＥＢ病毒（Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ ｖｉｒｕｓ）潜伏膜蛋白１（ｌａｔｅｎｔ ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＬＭＰ１）阳性和阴性表达的鼻咽癌细胞５系中的表达特征,利用流式细胞仪同时从ＤＮＡ及蛋白质水平初步分析了ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｄ１在鼻咽癌细胞系中的功能。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹的结果发现ｃｙｃｌｉｎｈ Ｄ１在ＣＮＥ－ＬＭＰ１中过表达,在ＨＮＥ１中表达较弱;Ｃｙｃｌｉ     

细胞周期蛋白与CDI在细胞周期调控中的作用

在细胞周期调控研究中, 对cyclin-CDK在细胞周期调控中作用机制的认识已获得突破性进展. 近几年来, CDK抑制因子(CDIs)家族成员──p16和p21的分离和研究, 表明细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)与CDI在调节CDK活性方面形成了极为复杂的调控网络, 从而控制细胞的增殖与分化, 并与肿瘤的形成与发展相联系.     

Rb在细胞周期调控中的作用

Ｒｂ是细胞周期调控及细胞分化中重要的调控因子。它通过与细胞内的调控元件,细胞蛋白相互作用来控制细胞生长和分化。同时它又受到胞内、外多种因子在多个层次上的调控,使Ｒｂ功能与细胞生长、分化状态相适应。     

甲状旁腺激素对成骨细胞中ClC-3 氯通道表达及成骨分化影响的研究

目的:观察甲状旁腺激素(PTH)对成骨细胞中Cl C-3氯通道表达及成骨分化影响,初步探索Cl C-3介导PTH在细胞成骨分化中的作用。方法:采用10-8M、10-9M、10-10M PTH持续刺激和间断刺激MC3T3-E1细胞72 h后,通过CCK-8试剂盒法检测MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖情况,Real-Time PCR法检测MC3T3-E1细胞中Clcn3及成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2的表达情况,免疫荧光法检测10-9M PTH不同给药方式下对Cl C-3蛋白表达的影响。结果 :经不同浓度PTH连续和间断处理72 h后,结果显示10-9 M PTH间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖能力最强,且其Alp、Runx2 m RNA表达均高于10-8 M组和10-10 M组(P<0.05),而相同浓度间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞成骨相关基因的表达均高于持续刺激组,以10-9M间断刺激组差异最显著(P<0.05),而10-8 M和10-10M均无统计学差异(P>0.05),10-9 M PTH刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞中Cl C-3蛋白表达也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 :成骨细胞的Cl C-3氯通道能够响应PTH的刺激发生变化,并伴随着成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2表达的增强。     

糖原合酶激酶3β以细胞周期蛋白D1依赖性方式引发人肺腺癌细胞A549细胞周期阻滞

对糖原合酶激酶3β（glycogen synthase kinase 3β,6SK3β）在细胞增殖中的作用研究,在不同细胞系和不同刺激因素作用下得出了不同结论,本文旨在探讨GSK3β在人肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞生长中的直接作用。A549细胞瞬时转染持续激活型S9A-GSK3β以及显性负突变型KM-GSK3β两种GSK3β突变型质粒,改变GSK3β活性。24 h后,分别进行细胞计数,流式细胞术及Western blot检测。结果显示,增强GSK3β活性可导致细胞数量下降,G．期细胞百分比升高。细胞周期蛋白D1表达水平被GSK3β下调。结果提示,GSK3β可能以细胞周期蛋白D1依赖性方式引发A549细胞的G,期阻滞,从而发挥生长抑制效应。     

ClC-3 chloride channels are involved in estradiol regulation of bone formation by MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts

Evidence has been reported by us and others supporting the important roles of chloride channels in a number of osteoblast cell functions. The ClC-3 chloride channel is activated by estradiol binding to estrogen receptor alpha on the cell membranes of osteoblasts. However, the functions of these chloride channels in estrogen regulation of osteoblast metabolism remain unclear. In the present study, the roles of chloride channels in estrogen regulation of osteoblasts were investigated in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Estrogen 17β-estradiol enhanced collagen I protein expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were inhibited, by chloride channel blockers. Estradiol promoted ClC-3 chloride channel protein expression. Silencing of ClC-3 chloride channel expression prevented the elevation of osteodifferentiation in osteoblasts, which were regulated by estrogen. These data suggest that estrogen can regulate bone formation by activating ClC-3 chloride channels and the activation of ClC-3 chloride channels can enhance the osteodifferentiation in osteoblasts.     

ClC-3 chloride channel prevents apoptosis induced by thapsigargin in PC12 cells

Cell volume can be altered by two different ways, swelling and shrinkage. Cell swelling is regulated by volume-regulated Cl⁻ channel (VRC). It is not well understood whether shrinkage is regulated by VRC. We previously found that antisense oligonucleotide specific to ClC-3 (ClC-3 antisense) prevented cell proliferation, which was related to cell swell volume regulation. In the present study, we further studied the role of ClC-3 Cl⁻ channel in cell apoptosis which was related to cell shrinkage volume regulation by using antisense oligonucleotide specific to ClC-3 (ClC-3 antisense) and ClC-3 cDNA transfection techniques. We found that thapsigargin (TG), a specific inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, evoked apoptotic morphological changes (including cytoplasmic blebbing, condensation of nuclear chromatin, and the formation of apoptotic bodies), DNA laddering, and caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells (Pheochromocytoma-derived cell line). TG increased the cell apoptotic population with a decrease in cell viability. These effects were consistent with the decrease in endogenous ClC-3 protein expression, which was also induced by TG. Overexpression of ClC-3 significantly inhibited TG effect on PC12 cell apoptosis, whereas the ClC-3 antisense produced opposite effects and facilitated apoptosis induced by TG. Our data strongly suggest that ClC-3 channel in PC12 cells mediates TG-induced apoptotic process through inhibitory mechanism. Thus, it appears that ClC-3 Cl⁻ channel mediates both cell proliferation and apoptosis through accelerative and inhibitory fashions, respectively. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

Expression and roles of Cl- channel ClC-5 in cell cycles of myeloid cells

This study investigated the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on endothelial glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. The NO donor diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA, 50-500microM) caused concentration dependent nuclear localization of transfected chimeric green fluorescent protein GFP-GR and elevated expression of secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) from a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) promoter construct in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Other weaker NO donors (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and spermine NONOate) failed to induce GFP-GR nuclear localization, but all the NO donors activated GRE-SEAP expression, a response unaffected by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Overall, exogenous NO from high concentration donors can directly activate GR, suggesting a potential feedback mechanism for NO to regulate endothelial inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.     

迁移的鼻咽癌细胞容积激活性氯电流

用膜片钳技术研究了Transwell小室趋化迁移后的鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞容积激活性CT电流。47％低渗刺激迁移后的CNE-2Z细胞诱发容积激活性氯电流,与未迁移细胞相比,其特性以及其对氯通道阻断剂的敏感性发生明显的变化,此电流的密度明显高于未迁移细胞,而且该电流几乎完全被氯通道阻断剂adenosine-5'-triphosphate(ATP,10 mmol/L)、5-nitro-2-3-phenylpropylamino benzoic acid(NPPB,100μmol/L)和他莫昔芬(30μmol/L)抑制,其中NPPB和他莫昔芬对迁移细胞的抑制作用明显强于未迁移细胞。迁移后的CNE-2Z细胞容积激活性氯通道对阴离子的通透性为:Br>Cl>I>葡萄糖酸,与未迁移细胞(I>Br>Cl>葡萄糖酸)不同。结果提示,容积激活性氯通道可能参与CNE-2Z细胞的迁移过程。     

The AQP-3 water channel is a pivotal modulator of glycerol-induced chloride channel activation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Aquaporin (AQP) and chloride channels are ubiquitous in virtually all living cells, playing pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. We previously reported that AQP-3 aquaglyceroporin and ClC-3 chloride channels could form complexes to regulate cell volume in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In this study, the roles of AQP-3 in their hetero-complexes were further investigated. Glycerol entered the cells via AQP-3 and induced two different Cl⁻ currents through cell swelling-dependent or -independent pathways. The swelling-dependent Cl⁻ current was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with CuCl₂ and AQP-3-siRNA. After siRNA-induced AQP-3 knock-down, the 140 mM glycerol isoosmotic solution swelled cells by 22% (45% in AQP-3-intact cells) and induced a smaller Cl⁻ current; this current was smaller than that activated by 8% cell volume swelling, which induced by the 140 mM glycerol hyperosmotic solution in AQP-3-intact cells. This suggests that the interaction between AQP-3 and ClC-3 plays an important role in cell volume regulation and that AQP-3 may be a modulator that opens volume-regulated chloride channels. The swelling-independent Cl⁻ current, which was activated by extracellular glycerol, was reduced by CuCl₂ and AQP-3-siRNA pretreatment. Dialyzing glycerol into cells via the pipette directly induced the swelling-independent Cl⁻ current; however this current was blocked by AQP-3 down-regulation, suggesting AQP-3 is essential for the opening of chloride channels. In conclusion, AQP-3 is the pathway for water, glycerol and other small solutes to enter cells, and it may be an essential modulator for the gating of chloride channels.     

The role of the cell cycle in determining gene expression and productivity in CHO cells

Understanding the relationships between cell cycle and protein expression is critical to the optimisation of media and environmental conditions for successful commercial operation of animal cell culture processes. Using flow cytometry for the analysis of the early phases of synchronised batch cultures, the dependency of product expression on cell cycle related events has been evaluated in a recombinant CHO cell line. Although the production of recombinant protein is initially found to be cell cycle related, the maximum specific protein productivity is only achieved at a later stage of the exponential phase which also sees a maximum in the intracellular protein concentration. Subsequent work suggests that it is the batch phase/medium composition of cultures which is the major determinant of maximum specific productivity in this cell line. Furthermore the effect of the positive association between S phase and specific productivity is subordinate to the effect of batch phase/medium composition on the specific productivity of batch cultures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Foreign gene expression (beta-galactosidase) during the cell cycle phases in recombinant CHO cells

Recombinant mammalian cultures for heterologous gene expression typically involve cells traversing the cell cycle. Studies were conducted to characterize rates of accumulation of intracellular foreign protein in single cells during the cell cycle of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with an expression vector containing the gene for dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and the lacZ gene for bacterial beta-galactosidase (a nonsecreated protein). The lacZ gene was under the control of the constitutive cytomegalovirus promoter. These normally attachment-grown cells were adapted to suspension culture in 10(-7) M methotrexate, and a dual-laser flow cytometer was used to simultaneously determine the DNA and foreign protein (beta-galactosidase) content of single living cells. Expression of beta-galactosidase as a function of cell cycle phase was evaluated for cells in the exponential growth phase, early plateau phase, and inhibited traverse of the cell cycle during exponential growth. The results showed that the beta-galactosidase production rate is higher in the S phase than that in the G1 or G2/M phases. Also, when cell cycle progression was stopped at the S phase by addition of aphidicolin, beta-galactosidase content in single cells was higher than that in exponential phase or plateau phase cells and increased with increasing culture time. Although the cells did not continue to divide after aphidicolin addition, the production of beta-galactosidase per unit volume of culture was very similar to that in normal exponential growth. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.