HOMOVANILLIC ACID AND 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH SENILE DEMENTIA, PRESENILE DEMENTIA AND PARKINSONISM

Abstract— Four groups, one of healthy volunteers, one of senile dementia, one of presenile dementia, and one of patients with parkinsonism were compared according to the values of HVA and 5-HIAA in CSF. The levels of HVA and 5-HIAA were highest in the group of healthy volunteers and decreased in the following order: senile dementia, presenile dementia, and parkinsonism. In the groups the two metabolites were positively correlated. These results are in agreement with earlier investigations showing disturbances of monoamine metabolism in the brain of patients suffering from these syndromes.     

Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota

Fecal bacteria were studied in healthy elderly volunteers (age, 63 to 90 years; n = 35) living in the local community, elderly hospitalized patients (age, 66 to 103; n = 38), and elderly hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic treatment (age, 65 to 100; n = 21). Group- and species-specific primer sets targeting 16S rRNA genes were used to quantitate intestinal bacteria by using DNA extracted from feces and real-time PCR. The principal difference between healthy elderly volunteers and both patient cohorts was a marked reduction in the Bacteroides-Prevotella group following hospitalization. Reductions in bifidobacteria, Desulfovibrio spp., Clostridium clostridiiforme, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were also found in the hospitalized patients. However, total 16S rRNA gene copy numbers (per gram of wet weight of feces) were generally lower in the stool samples of the two groups of hospitalized patients compared to the number in the stool samples of elderly volunteers living in the community, so the relative abundance (percentage of the group- and species-specific rRNA gene copies in relation to total bacterial rRNA gene copies) of bifidobacteria, Desulfovibrio spp., C. clostridiiforme, and F. prausnitzii did not change. Antibiotic treatment resulted in further reductions in the numbers of bacteria and their prevalence and, in some patients, complete elimination of certain bacterial communities. Conversely, the numbers of enterobacteria increased in the hospitalized patients who did not receive antibiotics, and due to profound changes in fecal microbiotas during antibiotic treatment, the opportunistic species Enterococcus faecalis proliferated.     

Activin,a Grape Seed-derived Proanthocyanidin Extract,Reduces Plasma Levels of Oxidative Stress and Adhesion Molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) in Systemic Sclerosis

This study evaluated whether a new generation antioxidant Activin derived from the grape seed proanthocyanidins, could reduce the induction of the adhesion molecules as a result of inflammatory response in the plasma of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. SSc patients were divided into two groups: one group was treated with Activin, a grape seed‐derived proanthocyanidins, while the other group served as control. Patients were given Activin 100 mg/day orally for one month after which the blood samples were withdrawn from both groups of the patients. Blood was also taken from normal human volunteers. Plasma was obtained in fasting state between 8 to 9 A.M. from two groups of SSc patients and controls. Soluble adhesion molecules including ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, E‐selectin and P‐selectin as well as malonaldehyde, a marker for oxidative stress, were measured. The results of our study demonstrated up‐regulation of these soluble adhesion molecules except for P‐selectin, in the plasma of the SSc patients compared to those obtained from human volunteers. Activin significantly attenuated the increased expression of these adhesion molecules. In addition, there was a significant increase in the amount of malondialdehyde formation in the plasma of the SSc patients, which was also attenuated by Activin. The results of this study demonstrated that Activin could reduce the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress developed in SSc patients.     

Activin,a grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin extract,reduces plasma levels of oxidative stress and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) in systemic sclerosis

This study evaluated whether a new generation antioxidant Activin derived from the grape seed proanthocyanidins, could reduce the induction of the adhesion molecules as a result of inflammatory response in the plasma of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. SSc patients were divided into two groups: one group was treated with Activin, a grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins, while the other group served as control. Patients were given Activin 100 mg/day orally for one month after which the blood samples were withdrawn from both groups of the patients. Blood was also taken from normal human volunteers. Plasma was obtained in fasting state between 8 to 9 A.M. from two groups of SSc patients and controls. Soluble adhesion molecules including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and P-selectin as well as malonaldehyde, a marker for oxidative stress, were measured. The results of our study demonstrated up-regulation of these soluble adhesion molecules except for P-selectin, in the plasma of the SSc patients compared to those obtained from human volunteers. Activin significantly attenuated the increased expression of these adhesion molecules. In addition, there was a significant increase in the amount of malondialdehyde formation in the plasma of the SSc patients, which was also attenuated by Activin. The results of this study demonstrated that Activin could reduce the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress developed in SSc patients.     

37 例老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵围手术期的临床治疗分析

目的:探讨老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵患者围手术期合并症及并发症发生率与其他老年胃癌患者间的差异,优化老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵患者围手术期临床治疗护理策略。方法:收集2005年2月至2009年10月前来我院治疗的37名年龄>65岁的老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵患者作为研究对象,设置相同年龄胃癌无胰腺受侵患者37例作为对照,收集详细临床资料,对两组间围手术期合并症发生情况进行卡方(x2)检验,通过采取不同临床治疗护理手段进一步施行干预(包括不同的手术方式及临床监测管理模式),再次采用x2检验比较两组术后并发症发生率,最后通过随访实现Kaplan-Meier生存分析。结果:老年胃癌合并胰腺受侵组(组Ⅰ)与老年胃癌无胰腺受侵组(组Ⅱ)术前总体合并症发生率并无显著统计学差异(P>0.05);各项合并症中仅有血红蛋白降低(<100g/L)、白蛋白降低(<35g/L)以及合并糖尿病的患病人数存有统计学意义(P=0.020,P=0.032,P=0.013);根据两组患病情况不同采取不同手术方式,两组死亡人数未见统计学意义(P>0.05);组Ⅰ术后并发症发生率为70.27%,低于组Ⅱ的86.49%,但两组未见明显统计学差异(P>0.05);比较两组功能性、心血管类并发症,两者间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.036,P=0.013);两组术后5年生存率比较无统计学差异(P=0.8308)。结论:需加强对老年晚期胃癌合并胰腺患者围手术期的临床治疗护理策略,采取适宜的手术治疗方式,可减少术后并发症及死亡的发生,提高患者生活质量。     

Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor pravastatin on urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion: a preliminary study.

In this preliminary study, the levels of urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol and urinary free cortisol and the 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/free cortisol ratio were determined in normal volunteers and in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia before and after Pravastatin administration (10 mg/d for 2 weeks). Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/free cortisol ratio increased significantly in both groups after Pravastatin administration (P less than 0.05). The percent increase of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/free cortisol did not differ significantly when the two groups were compared. Our preliminary results suggest that Pravastatin induces hepatic microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylase both in normal volunteers and in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.     

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces from Healthy Elderly Volunteers and Hospitalized Elderly Patients by Using Real-Time PCR and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Fecal Microbiota

Fecal bacteria were studied in healthy elderly volunteers (age, 63 to 90 years; n = 35) living in the local community, elderly hospitalized patients (age, 66 to 103; n = 38), and elderly hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic treatment (age, 65 to 100; n = 21). Group- and species-specific primer sets targeting 16S rRNA genes were used to quantitate intestinal bacteria by using DNA extracted from feces and real-time PCR. The principal difference between healthy elderly volunteers and both patient cohorts was a marked reduction in the Bacteroides-Prevotella group following hospitalization. Reductions in bifidobacteria, Desulfovibrio spp., Clostridium clostridiiforme, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were also found in the hospitalized patients. However, total 16S rRNA gene copy numbers (per gram of wet weight of feces) were generally lower in the stool samples of the two groups of hospitalized patients compared to the number in the stool samples of elderly volunteers living in the community, so the relative abundance (percentage of the group- and species-specific rRNA gene copies in relation to total bacterial rRNA gene copies) of bifidobacteria, Desulfovibrio spp., C. clostridiiforme, and F. prausnitzii did not change. Antibiotic treatment resulted in further reductions in the numbers of bacteria and their prevalence and, in some patients, complete elimination of certain bacterial communities. Conversely, the numbers of enterobacteria increased in the hospitalized patients who did not receive antibiotics, and due to profound changes in fecal microbiotas during antibiotic treatment, the opportunistic species Enterococcus faecalis proliferated.     

Function of granulocytes in B-chronic lymphatic leukaemia

To study the function of granulocytes in patients with B-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (B-CLL), granulocytes were separated from peripheral blood of 48 patients (mean age: 69 years) and 35 apparently healthy age-matched volunteers. Spontaneous mobility, ingestion, digestion and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of granulocytes were assessed. Decreased spontaneous mobility was found in granulocytes from patients with B-CLL but between the two groups no detectable differences were encountered in the other parameters tested. No alterations of granulocytes functions were found to be correlated with clinical stages of B-CLL. If granulocytes functions were compared in treated (chlorambucil, steroids) and untreated patients, a significant decrease in digestion was found in treated patients.     

Following the recovery of naso-pharyngeal cancer patients by trace elements in hair using statistical pattern recognition methods

This article describes a study where the recovery of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients was traced by trace elements (TEs) in hair of these patients. These patients whose concentrations of TEs in hair were studied are volunteers who were divided into three groups B, C, and D. Group B was made up of volunteers who had just been diagnosed as having NPC, group C and group D were made up of volunteers who had been diagnosed as having NPC after 3 and 6 mo, respectively, of treatment. For comparison, a control group, namely group A, which was made up of volunteers from healthy persons was added to this study. By implementation of statistic pattern recognition methods, it has been found that the concentrations of TEs in hair can remarkably reflect different recovery phases of NPC patients.     

Ability of human plasma to inhibit prostaglandin F2 alpha in asthma

Human plasma has been reported to inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2 alpha. In the present study the plasma inhibitory activity was determined in three groups (16 each) of plasma obtained from normal healthy volunteers, treated asthmatics and untreated asthmatic patients. The result showed that plasma from all three groups were equally effective in inhibiting the biosynthesis of PGE2. Plasma of normal volunteers and treated asthmatics also inhibited PGF2 alpha biosynthesis. In contrast the plasma obtained from untreated asthmatics was considerably less active in inhibiting the biosynthesis of PGF2 alpha than plasma from the other two groups.     

The Association of Blood Groups and Certain Eye Diseases

The blood of patients suffering from cataracts, glaucoma and strabismus was grouped and the distribution of their blood groups was compared with that of blood groups in volunteers at blood donor clinics. It was found that there was no significant difference between the distribution of groups among these patients and that among the controls.     

奥氮平联合氟西汀治疗对抑郁症患者血清NE水平以及抑郁情绪影响的临床研究

摘要 目的：研究奥氮平联合氟西汀治疗抑郁症患者的临床疗效,并探讨联合治疗对抑郁症患者血清去甲肾上腺素（Norepinephrine,NE）和抑郁情绪的影响。方法：纳入2018年6月到2020年5月在我院接受治疗的抑郁症患者56例,随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组两组。对照组患者接受氟西汀治疗,而研究组患者接受奥氮平联合氟西汀治疗,两组患者均治疗8周。比较两组患者年龄、性别、身高、BMI以及病程等一般资料,并比较两组患者临床治疗疗效、治疗期间不良反应发生率、治疗前后血清NE水平。用汉密顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression,HAMD)和抑郁自评量表（Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS）评估两组患者抑郁情绪。结果：两组患者性别、年龄、身高、BMI、病程以及合并症等一般情况均显示无显著差异（P>0.05）。研究组治疗总有效率（92.86%）显著高于对照组（64.29%）总治疗有效率（P<0.05）,但研究组患者治疗期间不良发生率（32.14%）与对照组（28.57%）比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组患者血清NE水平均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,并且研究组患者治疗后血清NE水平均显著高于对照组患者（P<0.05）;两组患者血清HAMD和SDS评分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,并且研究组患者治疗后HAMD和SDS评分均显著低于对照组患者（P<0.05）。结论：奥氮平联合氟西汀治疗抑郁症患者安全有效,不良反应发生率较低,可有效升高抑郁症患者血清NE水平,而改善患者抑郁情绪。     

Artichoke leaf extract reduces mild dyspepsia in an open study

A recent post-marketing study indicated that high doses of standardised artichoke leaf extract (ALE) may reduce symptoms of dyspepsia. To substantial these findings, this study investigated the efficacy of a low-dose ALE on amelioration of dyspeptic symptoms and improvement of quality of life. The study was an open, dose-ranging postal study. Healthy patients with self-reported dyspepsia were recruited through the media. The Nepean Dyspepsia Index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed at baseline and after 2 months of treatment with ALE, which was randomly allocated to volunteers as 320 or 640 mg daily. Of the 516 participants, 454 completed the study. In both dosage groups, compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction of all dyspeptic symptoms, with an average reduction of 40% in global dyspepsia score. However, there were no differences in the primary outcome measures between the two groups, although relief of state anxiety, a secondary outcome, was greater with the higher dosage (P = 0.03). Health-related quality of life was significantly improved in both groups compared with baseline. We conclude that ALE shows promise to ameliorate upper gastro-intestinal symptoms and improve quality of life in otherwise healthy subjects suffering from dyspepsia.     

Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in monocytes of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving oral L-lysine

The action of lysine as an antidiabetic agent was examined in human volunteers. Eight patients with type 2 DM were orally supplemented with L-lysine hydrochloride 1 g/day in two doses along with antidiabetic tablets (glyciphage or chlorformine), for a period of two months. Periodically their plasma fasting sugar and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity was measured in their monocytes. Eight normal healthy volunteers served as controls for comparison of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase was isolated from monocytes by immunoprecipitation and the activity was determined using exogenous substrate poly glu-tyr (4:1) and radioactive ATP. Phosphorylated peptide was separated by electrophoresis and quantified using a liquid scintillation system. The enzyme activity was significantly low (22074 +/- 1728 dpm/ml immunoprecipitate) in subjects with diabetes when compared to non-diabetic control group (50,775 +/- 3597). Lysine treatment enhanced the enzyme activity by 31% in patients with diabetes and decreased their blood sugar by 27%.     

盐酸氨基葡萄糖联合塞来昔布对膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效观察

目的:观察盐酸氨基葡萄糖联合塞来昔布治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的效果及对不同程度关节炎Lequesne评分的影响,为关节炎的临床治疗提供参考。方法:选取2012年6月至2014年3月我院收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者60例,根据治疗方法不同,将所选患者分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予盐酸氨基葡萄糖单药治疗,观察组患者给予盐酸氨基葡萄糖和塞来昔布联合治疗。观察两种治疗方案的不良反应发生率,比较两组患者治疗前后的Lequesne评分。结果:对照组患者不良反应的发生率为26.67%,观察组为23.33%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的Lequesne评分均低于治疗前,且观察组患者Lequesne评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组不同程度膝关节骨性关节炎患者的Lequesne评分均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:盐酸氨基葡萄糖联合塞来昔布治疗膝关节骨性关节炎具有良好的临床效果,应进一步推广应用。     

康柏西普与雷珠单抗治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性的临床研究

目的:探讨康柏西普联合雷珠单抗治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的临床疗效。方法:选择2015年6月到2016年10月我院收治的60例AMD患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组。对照组患者给予康柏西普治疗,治疗组患者给予康柏西普联合雷珠单抗治疗,两组患者均治疗3个月。评价并比较两组患者临床疗效。统计并比较两组患者治疗后的视网膜渗漏总改善率。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后最佳矫正视力和黄斑视网膜厚度。结果:治疗后,治疗组患者的视力提高率为80.00%,明显高于对照组的55.00%,差异具有统计学意义(X~2=4.104,P=0.043)。治疗后,治疗组患者的视网膜渗漏总改善率为92.50%,明显高于对照组的70.00%,差异具有统计学意义(X~2=5.294,P=0.021)。治疗前,两组患者最佳矫正视力、黄斑视网膜厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者最佳矫正视力均明显大于治疗前,黄斑视网膜厚度均明显小于治疗前,并且治疗组均明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:康柏西普联合雷珠单抗治疗AMD的临床疗效显著,能够明显提高视力,减轻视网膜渗漏,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Evaluation of micronuclei frequency in the cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients before and after radiation treatment

The frequency of micronucleated binucleate lymphocyte (MNBNC) was determined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients suffering from various types of cancer before the onset of radiation treatment, middle (mid-) of the treatment and after completion of the treatment (post-treatment). The frequency of micronuclei increased significantly in the pretreatment sample of cancer patients when compared with the normal untreated healthy volunteers. During the middle of the radiotherapy an approximate two or > two-fold increase was observed in the micronuclei frequency in most of the patients when compared with the concurrent pretreatment samples. Immediately after the completion of treatment, the frequency of micronuclei further increased, and this increase was significantly higher than that of pretreatment and mid-treatment samples. Out of 27 patients analyzed, only nine patients did not have any history of smoking, tobacco chewing or alcohol consumption, while the remaining 18 patients had a history of either smoking, tobacco chewing or alcohol consumption or combination of two or all habits at the time of blood collection.     

马来酸曲美布汀联合莫沙必利对功能性消化不良患者胃电图参数、肠道菌群和血清NPSR-1、CGRP、MTL、GAS的影响

摘要 目的：观察马来酸曲美布汀联合莫沙必利对功能性消化不良（FD）患者胃电图参数、肠道菌群和血清神经肽S受体-1（NPSR-1）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)的影响。方法：选取2019年8月~2021年6月期间我院收治的FD患者100例,根据信封抽签法分为对照组（莫沙必利治疗,n=50）和观察组（马来酸曲美布汀联合莫沙必利治疗,n=50）。对比两组疗效、胃电图参数、肠道菌群变化情况和血清NPSR-1、CGRP、MTL、GAS水平,记录两组不良反应发生率。结果：观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组空腹及餐后正常慢波百分比均较治疗前升高,胃电频率、胃电紊乱节律百分比均较治疗前下降,且观察组的变化幅度更大（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组肠杆菌、肠球菌、酵母菌数量较治疗前下降,且观察组的下降幅度更明显（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清CGRP水平较治疗前下降,NPSR-1、MTL、GAS水平较治疗前升高,且观察组的变化幅度更大（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：马来酸曲美布汀联合莫沙必利治疗FD患者,可有效改善胃电图参数和肠道菌群分布,调节其血清NPSR-1、CGRP、MTL、GAS水平,安全有效。     

地氯雷他定片与匹多莫德片联合治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效 及对血清IL-2 及IL-4水平的影响

目的:观察地氯雷他定片联合匹多莫德片治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效,及治疗前后患者血清IL-2及IL-4水平的变化。方法:将2014年6月-2015年7月我院收治的112例慢性荨麻疹患者随机分成两组各56例,其中治疗组给予口服地氯雷他定片与匹多莫德片治疗,对照组单独口服地氯雷他定片治疗;治疗4周后对比两组临床疗效,并测定两组患者治疗前后血清IL-2及IL-4水平。结果:治疗4周后,治疗组治疗总有效率为92.86%,明显高于对照组82.14%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后血清IL-2水平升高,IL-4水平降低,且治疗组改变相比对照组更显著,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地氯雷他定片联合匹多莫德片治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效显著,其机制可能与提高血清IL-2水平及降低IL-4水平有关。     

阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者血脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2 的影响

目的：探究阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征（Acute Coronary Syndrome,ACS）患者血脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2 的影响。方法：选取 我院2013 年12 月到2014 年11 月收治的急性冠脉综合征患者50 例,随机分为两组,其中对照组给予常规药物治疗,实验组予 以阿托伐他汀治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效及血清Lp-PLA2水平的变化情况。结果：经药物干预后,血脂各项指标（TG、 TC、HDL-C、LDL-C）均显著下降,与治疗前相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）,治疗后实验组与对照组相比,血脂各项指标下降 更为明显,差异具有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）;治疗后两组患者的血清Lp-PLA2 水平与治疗前均显著下降,经统计学分析,差异具有 统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗后与对照组相比,实验组下降更为显著,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：阿托伐他汀可以明显改 善ACS 患者的各临床症状,降低血脂及血清Lp-PLA2 水平,为治疗ACS 的首选方法。