双质粒系统共表达大肠杆菌肉碱脱水酶基因caiB及其辅酶合成基因caiE

caiB基因和caiE基因分别编码肉碱脱水酶及其辅因子合成酶 ,两者的共表达可以获得高活性肉碱脱水酶的重组菌。分别用两相容性质粒和不相容质粒共表达肉碱脱水酶及其辅酶合成基因 ,并对两种方法进行了比较。经IPTG诱导 ,相容性双质粒系统中两基因表达量分别占菌体总蛋白质的 17%和 10 % ;不相容性双质粒系统中两基因表达量分别占菌体总蛋白质的 39%和 2 0 %。共转化菌的酶活力比pET2 8caiB单质粒转化菌均提高 2 .3倍左右。两种双质粒转化系统相似 ,都需在外界抗生素选择压力下保持质粒稳定性     

谷氨酰胺合成酶基因GS1和GS2的高效表达增强转基因水稻对氮素缺乏的耐性

构建了同时含有胞质谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS1)cDNA和叶绿体谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS2)cDNA的植物表达载体p2GS,通过农杆菌介导法用它们转化了水稻品种"中花10号"的成熟胚愈伤组织,经潮霉素(Hyg)筛选培养及分化再生,获得了抗Hyg的转基因水稻植株.PCR和基因组Southern杂交分析结果证明,GS1和GS2基因均已经整合到转基因水稻的基因组内.Northern杂交实验结果证实,GS1和GS2基因在转基因水稻的转录水平上得到了有效表达.在以0.7 mmol/L的(NH4)2SO4取代了其中氮成分的MS培养基上测试植株生长量,结果表明转基因植株鲜重增长量显著高于对照,证明高效表达GS增强了转基因水稻对土壤氮素缺乏的耐性.     

大肠杆菌海藻糖合成酶基因对提高烟草抗逆性能的研究

编码大肠杆菌海藻糖合成酶的otsA基因由农杆菌介导引入野生型烟草植株并在花椰菜花叶病毒启动子序列 (CaMV35S)控制下获得表达。蒸发光散射高效液相层析法测定海藻糖实验表明 ,转基因烟草能够合成海藻糖 ,合成量达 1 4μg g叶片湿重 ;转基因烟草表现为耐盐性生长、干燥失重缓慢等抗逆表型。说明海藻糖合成酶otsA基因的引入 ,改变了烟草的糖代谢途径 ,同时也提高了植物的耐盐碱、耐干旱特性。     

NRRB在水稻应答高盐和干旱胁迫中的功能解析

为研究NRRB在水稻抗逆反应中的作用,通过重叠延伸PCR扩增NRRB基因编码区,构建超量表达载体,并转化水稻愈伤组织获得超量表达转基因水稻植株。鉴定结果表明,该基因已被整合到水稻基因组中,并实现超量表达;同时构建了抑制表达载体,获得转基因株系,PCR检测结果证实NRRB基因在转基因水稻中受到明显抑制。对T1代转基因植株进行抗旱性、耐盐性分析,结果显示,超量表达NRRB基因增强了转基因水稻对干旱的抗性,抑制表达NRRB基因的转基因水稻对干旱的敏感性增强,表明NRRB正调控水稻对干旱的抗性;耐盐性分析表明,NRRB基因的抑制表达降低了植株对盐的敏感性。     

过表达OsbHLH120基因提高水稻苗期抗旱性

干旱是限制水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量和品质的主要因素之一,通过转基因方法是获得抗旱性水稻材料的重要途径。已有研究报道,水稻中多个Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)转录因子与抗旱性提高有关。为了研究OsbHLH120基因在水稻生长发育中的功能,通过构建过量表达载体、启动子驱动的GUS融合载体,转化水稻,获得了多个转基因株系。通过GUS染色结合实时荧光定量PCR结果研究该基因的表达特性,通过PEG干旱处理研究过表达植株对干旱的耐受性。结果发现,该基因在检测的幼苗、叶片和茎杆等组织中都有表达;PEG处理影响该基因的表达量;对过表达植株的PEG处理结果显示,过表达植株对干旱的耐受性增加;ABA合成相关基因在处理后的植株中的表达量提高,并且过表达植株中的表达量提高的更多。以上结果说明,OsbHLH120在水稻的抗旱反应中具有重要作用,是一个具有潜在应用价值的基因。     

过量表达OsUgp2基因提高紫芝多糖含量

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,UGPase）是多糖生物合成过程中重要的酶,水稻基因组中存在两个UGPase同源基因分别命名为OsUgp1和OsUgp2。构建了由构巢曲霉3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因启动子驱动OsUgp2表达的真菌过量表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导法将OsUgp2基因转入紫芝中,获得了潮霉素抗性的转化菌株。PCR和Southern杂交结果显示OsUgp2基因成功整合到受体紫芝基因组中。半定量RT-PCR检测结果显示外源基因OsUgp2在紫芝转     

干旱高温胁迫下转基因水稻的生理变化

用PEG-6000、38℃及PEG-6000+38℃胁迫处理携带谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT1)的转基因水稻和非转基因水稻(Oryza sativa L.cv中花11), 并比较分析了二者在胁迫下的生理指标和抗氧化酶活性变化.结果显示,在单一PEG及PEG和高温复合胁迫下,植株生长、光合参数和相对含水量的降低幅度及H2O2和MDA(malon dialdehyde)的积累量在非转基因水稻与转基因水稻之间都有显著差异.在这2种胁迫下,转基因水稻的可溶性糖含量及CAT和POD (Peroxidase) 活性与非转基因水稻也有显著差异.这些结果表明,谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT1)的表达减轻了转基因水稻在单一干旱及干旱+高温复合胁迫下的伤害.     

转PvP5CS2基因烟草对干旱胁迫的反应

为了验证普通菜豆脯氨酸合成酶基因PvP5CS2在改善作物抗旱性方面的作用,构建了普通菜豆PvP5CS2基因的烟草表达载体pCAPE2-PvP5CS2,利用农杆菌将PvP5CS2导入烟草,获得15株阳性转PvP5CS2基因植株。干旱胁迫条件下,转基因烟草植株和野生型植株叶片中脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量和萎蔫叶片数的差异均达到极显著水平。转基因烟草的脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量分别是野生型的2．30倍和1．26倍,而萎蔫叶片数只相当于野生型的90％。表明超表达PvP5CS2基因的烟草植株在干旱胁迫条件下能积累较多的脯氨酸,抗旱性得到初步改善。     

高粱ATP合成酶E亚基基因(SbATPase-E)的克隆及其抗逆功能研究

高粱是一种抗旱性较强的禾谷类作物。本研究在高粱中克隆到一个全长为693 bp的编码ATP合成酶E亚基的基因(SbATPase-E)。在高粱幼苗期,SbATPase-E基因受Na Cl和脱落酸(ABA)处理诱导上调表达。该基因在拟南芥中过量表达可提高转基因植株的耐旱性和耐盐性,在逆境胁迫条件下转基因拟南芥植株较野生型植株根系发达,可能是转基因植株耐旱性和耐盐性提高的主要原因。在干旱胁迫条件下,转基因植株中DREB2A、P5CS1、RD29A、RAB18和ABI1基因的表达量相对于野生型植株中的表达量提高更为显著;在高盐处理条件下,转基因植株中SOS1和SOS2基因的表达量也较野生型植株中的表达量明显提高。这些抗逆相关基因的上调表达可能是转基因植株抗逆性提高的主要分子机制。     

水稻基因枪法多基因转化研究

为探索多基因转化系统,利用基因枪法进行水稻3个质粒的共转化研究,结果从25个转基因植株中获得3个三转化植株N12、K4-39和K1-1-66,成功地将分别位于不同质粒载体上的GUS,hpt和RTBV CP基因同时导入到水稻中。3个三转化植株中N12、K4-39正常可育。对N12的后代遗传分析表明,该转基因植株中3个载体所携外源基因均呈孟德尔式分离(3:1),3个外源基因分别整合到水稻的两条染色体上。GUS基因与hpt连锁,RTBV CP位于另一条染色体上。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。