吉林李家窑范家屯组中的二叠纪北温带牙形刺动物群

在吉林省九台市三台乡李家窑附近的二叠系范家屯组中采到一特殊的牙形刺动物群。多数牙形刺都较小,锯齿发育,齿脊细齿不愈合。由一些未见报道的新分子组成。本文描述了４个新种（Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｃｈａｎｇｃｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｊｉｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和３个未命名新种     

The updated check list of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Background information,data and considerations

The 1997 check list of Dolichopodidae of the Czech Republic and Slovakia has recently been reviewed and updated. The new species list includes 346 species with 22 species added as new to the fauna of the Czech Republic. While the check list itself is published elsewhere, largely unpublished new records of Hercostomus argentifrons, H. nigrilamellatus, Medetera adjaniae, M. melancholica and M. setiventris are presented here, together with data on their distribution in Europe and their biology and ecology. The status of the newly added Sympycnus desoutteri is discussed. H. argentifrons is recorded here for the first time from the Czech Republic (Bohemia; Moravia) and background information is given on its discovery. While the Czech fauna with 324 species can be considered well known, the fauna of Slovakia is definitely much richer than its current national list of 217 species suggests. In the latter country, in particular surveys of sandy habitats with heathland or peatmoor, saltmarshes, reedmarshes, humid forests on loamy soils, and of rothole and saprun microhabitats on trees might quickly yield new species records.     

THE PROBLEMATIC GENUS MOBERGELLA FROM THE LOWER CAMBRIAN OF THE BALTIC AREA

An unusually well preserved phosphatic fauna has been found in boulders of Lower Cambrian conglomerate from Venenäs, on the Skäggenäs Peninsula in the Baltic Sea. The fauna is dominated by the problematic fossil Mobergella holsti (Moberg 1892). The present material shows that this form is composed of three separate taxionomical units, and two new species- M. radiolata n. sp. and M. turgida n. sp.-are introduced besides M. hoisti. The new evidence seems to discard entirely the theory that Mobergella has been a free-living organism of monoplacophoran type. Instead, the interpretation of the shell as the operculum of a tube-dwelling organism seems to be the most plausible one. The tube itself, however, has not been recovered.     

吉林青山头遗址哺乳动物群及其地质时代

近年来在吉林省前郭县青山头第四纪地层中陆续发现了旧石器时代晚期的人类化石、新时器时代早期的人类遗骸和大量文化遗物及共生的动物群。本文着重讨论该遗址的两个不同哺乳动物群的性质及时代,这将对确定该区更新世与全新世地层界线、探索猛犸象-披毛犀动物群后期的演化提供了新的资料。     

内蒙古赤峰初头朗早更新世哺乳动物群的新材料及二元相似性分析

出土于内蒙古赤峰初头朗小南山地点的哺乳动物化石新材料有直隶犬(Canis chihliensis),泥河湾披毛犀(Coelodonta nihowanensis),中国长鼻三趾马(Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) sinense),三门马(Equus sanmeniensis),李氏野猪(Sus lydekkeri),湖麂相似种(Muntiacus cf.M.lacustris),山西轴鹿(Axis shansius),布氏真枝角鹿(Eucladoceros boulei),翁氏转角羚羊(Spirocerus cf.S.wongi)及古中华野牛(Bison palaeosinensis).加上此前在初头朗东梁、东村北沟和东村南沟3个地点出土的标本,初头朗一带出土的哺乳动物化石种类增加到30个.初头朗4个地点的哺乳动物化石产自同一层位,属于同一个动物群.根据动物群的二元相似性系数,初头朗动物群在组成上最接近狭义泥河湾动物群.综合Brainerd-Robinson排序结果、动物群古老系数和动物群中绝灭种类的百分比,初头朗动物群的时代介于狭义泥河湾动物群和柳城巨猿洞动物群之间;而根据与相关动物群年龄值的对比,初头朗动物群的年龄值约在1.4-1.6 Ma之间.初头朗动物群中的食肉目种类有1 1个,但大多为小型种类.奇蹄目和偶蹄目种类的总和占动物群总数的一半,大多为体型较大的种类.该动物群中的嫩食者和林柄者指示当时存在一定范围的森林和林地;而动物群中的粗食者及开阔地栖息者指示当时存在面积较大的草原和草甸.初头朗动物群的大部分种类是喜温动物,喜冷种类只有鼠兔和披毛犀,因此当时的气候与现今大致相同.在地理位置上初头朗动物群是我国最靠北和最靠东的早更新世动物群,因此可以推荐为东北地区的早更新世哺乳动物群典型地点.     

广西扶绥南山洞新发现的人类化石和蒙古野驴化石——末次冰期华南气候变化的哺乳动物化石新证据

广西扶绥县南山洞发现人类化石及哺乳动物化石。人类化石包括2枚智人牙齿化石,分别是左下第三臼齿和右下第二臼齿,其形态特征与广西其他山洞发现的智人化石相似,归入晚期智人。哺乳动物化石多为华南大熊猫———剑齿象动物群成员,时代属更新世晚期。该地点新发现的蒙古野驴化石属华南晚更新世动物群的首次发现。南山洞所有化石发现于洞内浅褐色砂质粘土中,堆积物第二层钙板层的铀系年龄为30—40ka。蒙古野驴的出现暗示中国南方大陆可能在末次冰期出现过干冷的气候环境。     

The agelenid funnel-weaver family and the spider genus Cedicus in Israel (Araneae, Agelenidae and Cybaeidae)

The funnel-weaver spiders of the family Agelenidae in Israel are revised along with spiders of the excluded genus Cedicus , here placed in the Cybaeidae. Although the webs are conspicuous and abundant only very few members of these families have been reported thus far from the East Mediterranean fauna. Altogether 19 species of agelenids are described with detailed diagnostic illustrations, including eight new records and six species new to science. With the biological and zoogeographical information revised and all type and non-type material pertinent to the fauna reexamined, the occurrence of Lycosoides and Maimuna in the Middle East has been verified while Textrix is absent. Agelena is represented only by a single species. Two Mediterranean species are newly placed in Benoitia , and a new genus Agelescape has been erected to accommodate three species. Tegenaria proves to be the largest indigenous genus and includes some of the long-legged spiders in Israel. The relationships of Cedicus and its two species in Israel are addressed. The new species described are: Agelescape gideoni, Maimuna carmelica, M. meronis, Tegenaria mediterranea, T. epacris, T. angustipalpis and Cedicus israeliensis .     

Human Perceptions of Megafaunal Extinction Events Revealed by Linguistic Analysis of Indigenous Oral Traditions

Human settlement into new regions is typically accompanied by waves of animal extinctions, yet we have limited understanding of how human communities perceived and responded to such ecological crises. The first megafaunal extinctions in New Zealand began just 700 years ago, in contrast to the deep time of continental extinctions. Consequently, indigenous Māori oral tradition includes ancestral sayings that explicitly refer to extinct species. Our linguistic analysis of these sayings shows a strong bias towards critical food species such as moa, and emphasizes that Māori closely observed the fauna and environment. Temporal changes in form and content demonstrate that Māori recognized the loss of important animal resources, and that this loss reverberated culturally centuries later. The data provide evidence that extinction of keystone fauna was important for shaping ecological and social thought in Māori society, and suggest a similar role in other early societies that lived through megafaunal extinction events.     

南京汤山早期人类及南方几个猿人遗址的生活环境

南京汤山的早期人类的地质时代相当于中更新世晚期,距今12.7—50万年。该动物群是一个单调的北方型动物群,生活在寒冷期,相当于深海氧同位素的等10阶段,距今33—37万年。郧县的古人类与蓝田的公王岭动物群同时,为早更新世,距今100—140万年。它们生活在温暖期,相当于欧洲的Waalian暖期。与元谋人共生的元谋动物群(相当于元谋组的第四段)包括许多典型的北方型动物,如复齿鼠兔,泥河湾剑齿虎、麅、羚羊等,故它们生活在寒冷期,也属早更新世,距今140—190万年。     

The Shanghuang Mammalian Fauna, Middle Eocene of Jiangsu:History of Discovery and Significance

APaleogenemammalianfauna,herenamedtheShanghuangfauna,wasdiscoverednearthevillageofShanghuang,closetoLiyangCity,JiangsuProvince,China(Fig.1).Atpresent,rouglilysixtyspeciesoffossilmammalshavebeenrecogniedintheShanghuangfauna.Manyofthesemammaltaxaarenewtoscience,andothersrepresentnewoccurrencesfortheEoceneofChina.ParticularlywellrepresentedintheShanghuangfaunaaremicromammals(includingmarsupials,insectivores,rodents,lagomorphs,primates,andbats)thathaveseldomifeverbeenfoundinotherEoceneAsianl…     

西藏晚白垩世晚Campanian期至早Maastrichtian期菊石群——中国最年轻的菊石群

记述产自西藏南部仲巴县的一个中国目前所知最年轻的菊石群 ,含 2科 4属 6种 ,其中 4新种。据菊石群面貌和它们所产出的层位可以划分出上、下两个组合带 :上部Pachydiscuscf.hidakaensis Libycoceraszhongbaense组合带 ;下部Manambolitescujiangdingensis M .pivaeteaui组合带。产菊石的曲贝亚组的下段和上段的中、下部(82F5 0及其以下层位 )为晚Campanian期 ,上段上部 (即 82F5 2及其以上层位 )为早Maastrichtian期。     

Helminth parasites of the blue-footed booby on Isla Isabel, México

A survey of the helminth fauna of the blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii, on Isla Isabel, off the Pacific coast of México, is presented. Eight parasite species were found: 4 digeneans (Galactosomum puffini , Mesostephanus microbursa, Opisthometra planicollis, and Renicola thapari), 3 nematodes (Contracaecum sp., Porrocaecum sp., and Tetrameres sp.), and 1 cestode (Tetrabothrius sp). All these species are reported for the first time in the blue-footed booby, and they represent 8 new locality records as well. Species accumulation curves suggest these 8 parasite species comprise the total helminth fauna of this population of boobies. The most frequent and abundant parasite was R. thapari, inhabiting the kidney of its host. In male boobies, a significant negative correlation was found between abundance of R. thapari and host body condition.     

Gastropoden aus dem oberen Toarcium/unteren Aalenium (Jura) von Norddeutschland

Borings from northeastern Germany yielded a gastropod fauna with 31 species from the Upper Toarcian and Lower Aalenian. Eight species have already been described, nine species are new and 14 species are described in open nomenclature. The fauna comes from soft-bottom sediments and is a typical offshore fauna (relatively great distance from the coast, relatively great depth). The fauna has close relationships to faunas of the same age in southern Germany (Franconia).     

Genetic studies of house mice from the hybrid area of the Primorskii Region

Cytogenetic and allozyme differentiation of house mice Mus musculus L. was studied in 21 samples of Primorskii krai (region) from 1984 to 1998. The use of Q-H- and C-banding made it possible to reveal a high variation in the content and distribution of pericentromeric heterochromatin and high frequencies of marker autosomes 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, and 17-19 in the karyotypes of mice from some samples. The presence of marker alleles that are typical of the subspecies groups castaneus and musculus was shown for protein loci Idh, Sod-1, Aat-1, and Hbb. The data obtained indicate that the fauna of house mice of Primorye is characterized by subspecific mosaicism and hybrid origin. Apparently, subspecies M. m. castaneus, M. musculus ssp., M. M. homourus, and M. m. gansuensis contributed, to different degrees, to the formation of this fauna.     

Ordovician (Dobrotivá Formation) ostracodes and trilobites from Ejpovice (Bohemia) and their relations to faunas of northern and western Europe

For the first time a complete ostracode and trilobite fauna is described from the Dobrovitá Formation (Ordovician) of Perunica. In contrast to the trilobite fauna the ostracode fauna evidences close relations to both Armorica and Baltica. The trilobite fauna comprises 11 species out of 11 genera, the ostracode fauna comprises 15 (5 new) species out of 15 (1 new) genera.     

Palaeoecological significance of a new Griesbachian (Early Triassic) gastropod assemblage from Oman

A new Early Triassic (Griesbachian) gastropod fauna from the Al Jil Formation of Oman is described. Early Triassic faunas from elsewhere (e.g. the Italian Dolomites and the western USA) are typically of low diversity and high dominance, usually attributed to environmental stress in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction event. The new Oman fauna has, by contrast, relatively high diversity, low dominance and a more even spread of individuals between taxa. It is the most diverse Griesbachian fauna known to date. This is attributed to the favourable (i.e. well-oxygenated) conditions under which the fauna lived. This uncharacteristic Griesbachian gastropod fauna demonstrates that, in the absence of oceanic anoxia, biotic recovery after the end-Permian extinction event may occur surprisingly quickly (within one conodont zone). The fauna is also partially silicified, which has increased its preservation potential relative to other Griesbachian gastropod assemblages. However, only one reappearing Lazarus genus is present in the Oman fauna. This suggests that there was some other control on the abundance of Lazarus genera at this time, other than the absence of silicified faunas as previously suggested.