激素型肾阳虚动物肝线粒体蛋白质组与能量代谢相关性

应用凝胶内差异显示电泳技术研究肾阳虚大鼠肝线粒体蛋白质组,并从肝线粒体蛋白质组角度阐述肾阳虚与能量代谢的关系.8个分别来自于肾阳虚大鼠和正常大鼠的肝线粒体蛋白质样品(各4个)分别用荧光染料Cy3、Cy5标记,以及8个样品等量混合物用Cy2标记作为内标,每一Cy3、Cy5标记样品与Cy2标记的内标等量混合后在同一胶中进行电泳分离,经不同光激发后扫描得到不同样品的蛋白质组图谱.经DeCyder软件结合内标分析,以肾阳虚组动物与正常组动物肝线粒体蛋白质相差1.2倍以上的蛋白作为差异蛋白,实验共获得16个差异蛋白质,经质谱测定和与蛋白质文库比对,鉴定11个蛋白质.其中,肾阳虚动物热休克蛋白60和70、肌氨酸脱氢酶、氨甲酰磷酸合成酶、亚硫酸盐氧化酶、ATP合酶、醛脱氢酶和NADH脱氢酶表达量增加,而丙酮酸脱氢酶、α酮戊二酸脱氢酶、脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶和鸟氨酸氨基转移酶表达量降低.实验表明,肾阳虚动物能量代谢相关酶的变化与肾阳虚的临床虚寒症状有关.     

人肝癌细胞系的糖蛋白质组学研究

糖基化是最重要的蛋白质翻译后形式之一,糖基化蛋白的糖链部分影响着蛋白质的折叠和稳定性以及其生物学功能.许多恶性肿瘤组织与正常组织相比已显示出蛋白质糖基化的差异.采用蛋白质组学分析方法结合先进的糖蛋白荧光染色技术,研究了正常人肝细胞系(ChangLiver)和人肝癌细胞系(Hep3B)糖蛋白糖基化的差异.首先用细胞裂解法提取细胞总蛋白质,进行双向电泳(2-DE),然后用pro-QEmerald488糖蛋白荧光染料进行糖蛋白染色,得到两种细胞系糖基化蛋白表达谱,经2-DE分析软件Dymension分析2-DE图像,比较糖蛋白的糖基化程度,并对糖基化蛋白进行质谱鉴定.结果显示正常人肝细胞表达(74±2)个(n=3),而人肝癌细胞系表达(78±3)个糖蛋白(n=3).两者匹配的糖蛋白质点31个,Hep3B表达而ChangLiver不表达的糖蛋白质点47个,ChangLiver表达而Hep3B不表达的糖蛋白质点43个.两种细胞系糖基化程度存在明显差异,与正常人肝细胞相比,肝癌细胞发生糖基化改变的糖蛋白有25个,其中糖基化水平上调的有10个,下调的有15个,质谱鉴定出12个发生糖基化改变的糖蛋白.这些结果显示蛋白质糖基化改变可能在肝癌的发生和发展中起一定作用.     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏蛋白质表达谱的影响

目的:研究氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏组织蛋白质表达的影响。方法:采用蛋白质组学的技术,建立自发性高血压和氯沙坦干预后高血压大鼠肾脏的蛋白质二维凝胶电泳图谱,利用Imagemaster2Dv5.0软件分析蛋白点,并通过LC-MS/MS质谱分析和数据库检索鉴定差异蛋白质。结果:两组凝胶的平均蛋白点数分别为570±48、686±30。氯沙坦干预后有13个蛋白表达发生了显著变化,表达增强4个,表达降低4个,蛋白点消失5个。13个差异蛋白点进行质谱分析,鉴定出的7个蛋白质为Heat shock protein(Hsp)、Tubulin alpha-1chain、Transthyretin precursor、Liver regeneration-related protein LRRG03、Ezrin-radixin-moesin binding phosphoprotein50、Phosphoglycerate kinase1、Anionic trypsin I precursor。结论:这些差异表达的蛋白质可能在氯沙坦对高血压肾脏保护中发挥一定作用。     

胃癌及癌旁组织定量比较蛋白质组学研究

为寻找胃癌特异的肿瘤标记物,用于胃癌临床诊断及药物治疗靶点的选择,本研究采用荧光差异显示凝胶电泳（DIGE）技术分离并筛选 Cy3、Cy5 及 Cy2 荧光素标记的胃癌及对应癌旁组织差异表达蛋白质,用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）或串联质谱技术进行鉴定并分析。结果共筛选出 33 个差异表达蛋白质点,其中 9 个蛋白质点在胃癌组织中上调,24 个蛋白质点下调。对 22 个蛋白质点采用质谱技术成功鉴定,突变结蛋白、锰超氧化物歧化酶、热休克蛋白 60等在胃癌中高表达,热休克蛋白 27、前列腺素 F 合酶、硒结合蛋白 1、锌指蛋白 160、微管蛋白 α6、真核生物翻译延伸因子 1 α1 等在胃癌组织中低表达,并筛选出 5 个未知蛋白。这些差异表达蛋白可望成为胃癌诊断的特异标记物,并与胃癌的发生、发展及预后等有关,为胃癌的诊断、发生机制的研究提供了新的思路。     

长双歧杆菌BBMN68 可溶性蛋白质图谱的建立

为了建立长双歧杆菌BBMN68蛋白质图谱,采用双向电泳的方法建立了2-D参考图谱,通过MALDI-TOF/MS质谱鉴定和数据库搜索,鉴定到206个蛋白质(占长双歧杆菌BBMN68基因预测总蛋白的11.4%)。通过2-D胶分析,共有800±15(对数期)和800±20(稳定期)个蛋白质,其中282个蛋白点成功鉴定,代表206个不同的蛋白质。另外,分析了实验鉴定蛋白质的等电点和分子量,蛋白功能,密码子偏好性,蛋白质疏水性以及蛋白质细胞定位的分析。研究结果为长双歧杆菌的比较蛋白质组学研究提供了参考图谱和蛋白质基础信息数据。     

温敏核不育水稻花药蛋白质组初步分析

采用固相pH梯度 SDS聚丙烯酰胺双向凝胶电泳对温敏核不育水稻 96 4 2S可育与不育条件下减数分裂期花药总蛋白进行了分离 ,通过银染显色 ,获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱 .PDQuest 2DE图像分析软件可识别约 10 0 0个蛋白质点 .蛋白质点在 2D胶上的重复性为 :沿等电聚焦方向偏差为 1 4 5± 0 2 3mm(n =8) ,沿SDS PAGE方向偏差为 :1 15± 0 17mm(n =8) .对两种育性不同样品的 2D胶上部分共有的蛋白质点 ,采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱 (matrixassistedlaserdesorption ionizationtimeofflightmassspctrometry ,MALDI TOF MS)进行了肽质谱指纹图分析 .通过采用PeptIdent软件对SWISS PROT数据库的查询 ,有 5 0个蛋白质点在数据库得到归属鉴定 .对育性不同的2种样品 2D较上明显差异的蛋白质点进行了分析鉴定 .在不育变化为可育的过程中 ,明显表达上调的蛋白质点包括几丁质酶 ,酸性磷酸酶 ,胞浆激酶 ,谷蛋白前体 ,以及ESTSC72 61蛋白 ,明显下调的蛋白质包括β expansin前体 ,谷氨酸氨甲酰转移酶和 1种未知功能的蛋白质     

利用TMT标记结合2DLC-MS/MS技术对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟前后差异蛋白质组的分析

本试验利用TMT标记并结合二维高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用的研究策略对水牛卵母细胞成熟前后差异蛋白质组进行分析。试验首先收集水牛成熟前卵母细胞和成熟后卵母细胞,分别提取卵母细胞这两个时期的蛋白质,酶解蛋白后进行TMT标记,其中TMT-126标记成熟后的肽段,TMT-129标记成熟前的肽段,标记后采用强阳离子交换柱对酶解得到的肽段进行分离,接着进行nano LC分离,质谱分析采用在线连接电喷雾串联Orbitrap的方法,最后使用SEQUEST软件进行数据库搜索,采用生物信息学方法对鉴定得到的差异蛋白质进行初步分析。根据定量差异倍数≥2即认为蛋白表达存在差异,鉴定出卵母细胞成熟前高表达的蛋白有18种,成熟后高表达的蛋白有26种。对这些差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析表明,利用TMT标记并结合二维高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用的研究策略可以有效地分离和鉴定水牛卵母细胞成熟前后的蛋白质。本试验发现可能与水牛卵母细胞成熟相关的标志性蛋白:调控细胞凋亡蛋白(BCL2L10)、胎球蛋白(AHSG)、伴侣蛋白(Erp29),这可能为今后研究水牛卵母细胞成熟前后的蛋白质表达变化规律提供了试验依据。     

胃癌细胞高尔基体的蛋白质组学技术平台的建立

采用蔗糖密度梯度超速离心法分离纯化高尔基体,双向凝胶电泳（2-DE）分离高尔基体蛋白质,用ImageMaster 2D软件分析所得图谱,基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MALDI—TOF MS)鉴定蛋白质点等一系列亚细胞器蛋白质组学方法建立胃癌细胞内高尔基体的蛋白图谱。结果显示分离出的纯度较高的高尔基体建立了分辨率和重复性均较好的双向电泳图谱,运用质谱技术鉴定出12个蛋白质,包括蛋白合成相关蛋白、膜融合蛋白、调节蛋白、凋亡相关蛋白、运输蛋白、细胞增殖分化相关蛋白。通过亚细胞器分离纯化,双向电泳的蛋白分离及MALDI-TOF MS蛋白鉴定分析,首次成功建立了胃癌细胞SGC7901中高尔基体的蛋白质组学技术路线,为胃癌细胞内高尔基体功能的深入研究奠定了基础。     

代谢性标记结合二维电泳寻找O-糖基化蛋白的研究

蛋白质的O-糖基化(O-glycosylation)是一种重要的翻译后修饰,参与诸多生理和病理过程。目前,对于蛋白质的O-糖基化的研究进展仍非常缓慢,一个重要的原因就是缺乏高效的对O-糖基化蛋白进行分离和鉴定的技术。创新性地将点击化学反应、二维电泳和质谱技术结合,对寻找细胞内O-糖基化蛋白进行了技术探索性研究。首先利用代谢性标记手段,在人肝癌细胞HCCLM6培养基中加入四乙酰化叠氮半乳糖胺(Ac4GalNAz),对细胞内O-GalNAc糖基化蛋白进行标记;其次通过点击化学将炔基荧光基团连接至标记的O-糖基化蛋白的叠氮基团;应用二维电泳技术对标记蛋白进行分离,并找到13个具有荧光信号的蛋白点;最后对具有荧光信号的蛋白进行质谱鉴定,成功鉴定到7种蛋白,经软件预测后,GRP78蛋白和ANXA1蛋白均具有潜在的O-糖基化位点。这为寻找细胞或生物体中的O-糖基化蛋白奠定了基础,并为高通量筛选O-糖基化蛋白提供技术平台。     

双向凝胶电泳中三种蛋白质检测方法的比较

高通量双向电泳是蛋白质组学的核心 ,双向电泳凝胶上蛋白质点的检测方法应具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽和兼容质谱鉴定等优点 .采用差异凝胶电泳 (differencegelelectrophoresis ,DIGE)技术以Cy3(1 (5 carboxypentyl) 1′ propylindocarbocyaninehalideN hydroxysuccinimidylester)和Cy5 (1 (5 carboxypentyl) 1′ methylindodicarbocyaninehalideN hydroxysuccinimidylester)荧光分别标记正常和TNF α处理细胞的蛋白质 ,用Cy2 (3 (4 carboxymethyl)phenylmethyl) 3′ ethyloxacarbocyaninehalideN hydroxysuccinimidylester)荧光标记正常和TNF α处理细胞蛋白质的等量混合样品作为内标 ,混合 3种荧光标记的蛋白质后 ,在同一等电聚焦胶条进行聚焦 ,然后在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行第二向电泳 ,用 3种波长的激光激发扫描得到凝胶图象 ,DIGE中多个样品在同一条件下电泳 ,因而匹配率高 ,且引入内标使蛋白质点的检测与定量更为准确 .DIGE技术与质谱相结合 ,实现了高通量和相对准确定量 .与硝酸银和考马斯亮蓝染色结果相比较 ,DIGE技术具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽和不影响后续质谱鉴定等优点     

影响蛇岛蝮蛇树栖分布相关因子的分析

目的了解影响蛇岛蝮蛇树栖分布的7个相关因子,探讨其间的关系。方法2006年10月12~15日,在蛇岛二沟南坡、北坡、西坡,测定不同年龄组蛇岛蝮蛇树栖环境的7个相关因子,进行比较分析。结果三种树栖环境中,老成体、成体、亚成体、幼体对因子的选择基本都有差异;不同年龄组的树栖高度与冠幅负相关不显著,与枝长(成体和亚成体中)负相关不显著,与其它正相关不显著;老成体和成体在林中和林缘,对树栖高度的选择差异显著,亚成体和幼体差异不显著;相同年龄组两两因子间线性关系明显。结论影响蛇岛蝮蛇树栖分布的因子具有一定的规律性。     

蛇岛蝮蛇消化道5-羟色胺细胞的形态与分布

采用ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)免疫组织化学方法,观察蛇岛蝮蛇(Gloydius shedaoensis)消化道内5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫阳性内分泌细胞的分布及形态.结果显示,5-羟色胺细胞从食管到直肠各段均有分布.细胞分布密度呈波浪式,其中胃贲门部分布密度最高(7.15±2.38),直肠部次之(4.55±3.14),食管部最低(1.2±0.71).5-HT阳性细胞广泛分布于消化道上皮细胞之间、上皮基部、腺泡上皮细胞之间以及固有膜内.形态多样,呈圆形、锥体形、梭形等.分析认为蛇岛蝮蛇消化道5-HT细胞具有内、外分泌两种作用途径,并且其密度分布可能与其食性、生存环境有关.     

Purification, gene cloning and expression of an acidic phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon shedaoensis Zhao

A protein with the activity of phospholipase A2 named asAPLA2 was purified to homogeneity from the venom of Agkistrodon shedaoensis Zhao through DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B anion exchange column, Source S and Mono Q FPLC. Its molecular weight was estimated as 19 kD by SDS-PAGE and its pI was about 3.5 by IEF analysis. It inhibits the platelet aggregation that was induced by 1 μmol/ L ADP, and the IC50 was determined to be 6 μmol/L. Degenerate primer was designed and synthesized according to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of asAPLA2. Its full-length cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from the total RNA extracted from the snake venom gland. According to the deduced amino acid sequence, its molecular weight and pI are determined to be 13,649 and 4.39 respectively as calculated by DNAclub and DNAstar softwares. The gene was then cloned into the expression plasmid pET-40b( ) and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Western blot analysis indicated that the expressed protein cross-reacted with the antibody against the native     

Molecular mechanism analysis of Gloydius shedaoensis venom gloshedobin interaction with inhibitors by homology modeling

Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs) are widely applied in the treatment of thrombotic diseases, however, the molecular mechanism of its inhibition by synthetic and natural proteinaceous inhibitors is not yet understood. Here we investigated effects of protease inhibitors including phenylmethylsulfonil fluoride (PMSF), benzamidine (BMD) and its derivates on the activity of recombinant gloshedobin, a SVTLE from the snake Gloydius shedaoensis. The molecular inhibition mechanism was postulated by separately docking inhibitors into three-dimensional model of gloshedobin using protein C activator from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom (ACC-C, which bear 78% identity with gloshedobin) as template. The analysis indicated that the strongest inhibitor, PMSF, was via a covalent bond with the catalytic Ser195, while other inhibitors showing weaker inhibitory activity were via hydrogen bond with Ser195 or non-catalytic residues.     

墨旱莲对4种蝮蛇毒引起的炎症和出血的影响

目的探讨墨旱莲提取液对短尾蝮蛇毒、蛇岛蝮蛇毒、白眉蝮蛇毒及尖吻蝮蛇毒所致的炎症和出血的影响。方法应用短尾蝮蛇毒、蛇岛蝮蛇毒、白眉蝮蛇毒及尖吻蝮蛇毒所致大鼠足跖肿胀的致炎模型,观察墨旱莲提取液对蛇毒所致大鼠足跖肿胀的影响。墨旱莲提取液分别与不同蛇毒混合,给小鼠腹部皮下注射,观察其对蛇毒引起的小鼠皮下出血的影响。结果墨旱莲提取液15g／kg连续2次灌胃给药,对短尾蝮蛇毒、蛇岛蝮蛇毒、白眉蝮蛇毒或尖吻蝮蛇毒所致大鼠足跖肿胀的急性炎症造模和短尾蝮蛇毒棉球肉芽肿的慢性炎症造模(20g／kg)均有明显的抑制作用,对这些蛇毒引起的小鼠皮下出血也能明显抑制。结论墨旱莲提取液对短尾蝮蛇毒、蛇岛蝮蛇毒、白眉蝮蛇毒及尖吻蝮蛇毒引起的炎症和出血均有明显的抑制作用。     

大连蛇岛蝮蛇类凝血酶基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆表达及分离纯化

根据同源性分析设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法从大连蛇岛蝮蛇毒腺总RNA中合成扩增出类凝血酶基因,之后将该基因克隆到表达载体pPIC9K中,经电激转化后整合至毕赤酵母细胞基因组中.经筛选得到甲醇快速生长型转化子His+Mut+在500 ml摇瓶中培养,甲醇诱导分泌表达.上清液中重组类凝血酶是通过两步柱层析得到:Q Sepharose FF和Benzamidine-Sepharose 4BCL.与天然蛇毒类凝血酶一致,分泌表达的重组类凝血酶具有较强的酯酶活性,但精氨酸甲酯如TAME的水解活性较弱.此重组类凝血酶在37℃中性溶液中保存过夜将分解成小肽,但在0℃下很稳定.该酶的最适pH为8.0.     

Proteomic analysis of RBC membrane protein degradation during blood storage

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify protein profile changes in red blood cell membranes stored over time under atmospheric oxygen, in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors. New spots with lower molecular masses, ranging between 7 and 15 kDa were observed during the first 7 days storage, while over time, further fragments and high-molecular-mass aggregates appeared, seen as a smearing in the upper part of the gel. Some of the protein changes turned out to be shifts in isoelectric point, as a consequence of chemical oxidations. All these new spots were generated as a result of protein attack by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Protein identification revealed that most of the modified proteins are located in the cytoskeleton. During the first 7 days of storage, oxidative degradation was observed prevalently in band 4.2, to a minor extent in bands 4.1 and 3, and in spectrin. After 14 days, there were new fragments from beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, band 4.9, and ankyrin, among others. Preliminary protein-protein cross-linked products, involving alpha and beta spectrin, were also detected. The cross-linked products increased over time. Protein degradation was greatly reduced when oxygen was removed and blood was stored under helium. Interestingly, very few spots were related to enzyme activity, and they were more numerous when oxygen was present, suggesting that some proteases may be oxygen-dependent.     

Hierarchical grid transformation for image warping in the analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels

Two-dimensional electrophoresis is a widely used method for separating a large number of proteins from complex protein mixtures and for revealing differential patterns of protein expressions. In the computer-assisted proteome research, the comparison of protein separation profiles involves several heuristic steps, ranging from protein spot detection to matching of unknown spots. An important prerequisite for efficient protein spot matching is the image warping step, where the geometric relationship between the gel profiles is modeled on the basis of a given set of known corresponding spots, so-called landmarks, and the locations of unknown spots are predicted using the optimized model. Traditionally, polynomial functions together with least squares optimization has been used, even though this approach is known to be incapable of modeling all the complex distortions inherent in electrophoretic data. To satisfy the need of more flexible gel distortion correction, a hierarchical grid transformation method with stochastic optimization is presented. The method provides an adaptive multiresolution model between the gels, and good correction performance in the practical cross-validation tests suggests that automatic warping of gel images could be based on this approach. We believe that the proposed model also has significance in the ultimate comparison of corresponding protein spots since the matching process should benefit from the closeness of the true spot pairs.     

Analysis of Con A-binding glycoproteins in synaptosomal membranes

Concanavalin A (Con A)-binding proteins obtained from solubilized synaptosomal membranes of bovine brain were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), and were identified by peroxidase conjugated Con A (Con A-peroxidase staining), after transfer from 2DE gel to nitrocellulose paper. The Con A-binding proteins were resolved up to 40 spots, ranging in isoelectric points (pI) from 4.5 to 8.0 and molecular weight (MW) from 10 kDa to 120 kDa. Most of the Con A-binding proteins were streaked across a pH gradient and/or exhibited as multiple spots, indicating broad charge and molecular weight heterogeneity. The presence of protein groups that showed high affinities for Con A were revealed. Most interesting group (named GP51), which consisted of seven spots separated horizontally in charge heterogeneity (pI5.85-7.5) with MW 51kDa, was characterized by its binding to an immobilized protein A gel. This implies that GP51 is related to immunoglobulins and/or GP51 may be a new member of the immunoglobulin supergene family.     

Formation of truncated proteins and high-molecular-mass aggregates upon soft illumination of photosynthetic proteins

Different spot profiles were observed in 2D gel electrophoresis of thylakoid membranes performed either under complete darkness or by leaving the sample for a short time to low visible light. In the latter case, a large number of new spots with lower molecular masses, ranging between 15,000 and 25,000 Da, were observed, and high-molecular-mass aggregates, seen as a smearing in the upper part of the gel, appeared in the region around 250 kDa. Identification of protein(s) contained in these new spots by MS/MS revealed that most of them are simply truncated proteins deriving from native ones, fragments, or aggregates. This resulted from the formation of extremely reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can derive by the exposure of chlorophyll binding proteins of photosynthetic apparatus to low-intensity light during laboratory manipulation of sample for electrophoresis runs.