MMP-3、TIMP-3在人胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨MMP-3和TIMP-3在人胃癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法:根据胃癌的病理大体分型将40例胃癌组织分为早期组和晚期组.其中,早期组同时不伴有淋巴结转移,晚期组伴有淋巴结转移.采用光镜、透射电镜和免疫组化方法对这两组胃癌组织的超微结构,MMP-3,TIMP-3表达和MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值进行检测.结果:MMP-3和TIMP-3主要表达于癌细胞胞浆内.早期组MMP-3阳性表达细胞较少,晚期组阳性细胞较多,二者数密度和面密度比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);早期组TIMP-3阳性表达细胞较多,晚期组阳性细胞较少,二者比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值在胃癌晚期较早期增大,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);电镜观察显示胃癌早期淋巴细胞浸润较多,癌细胞穿基膜不明显,晚期则淋巴细胞浸润较少,癌细胞穿基膜明显.结论:MMP-3,TIMP-3的表达程度和MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值可作为判定胃癌的侵袭和转移的指标,对其预后的判断具有参考价值.     

MMP-3、TIMP-3在人胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨MMP-3和TIMP-3在人胃癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法:根据胃癌的病理大体分型将40例胃癌组织分为早期组和晚期组.其中,早期组同时不伴有淋巴结转移,晚期组伴有淋巴结转移.采用光镜、透射电镜和免疫组化方法对这两组胃癌组织的超微结构,MMP-3,TIMP-3表达和MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值进行检测.结果:MMP-3和TIMP-3主要表达于癌细胞胞浆内.早期组MMP-3阳性表达细胞较少,晚期组阳性细胞较多,二者数密度和面密度比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);早期组TIMP-3阳性表达细胞较多,晚期组阳性细胞较少,二者比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)MM-3/TIMP-3的比值在胃癌晚期较早期增大,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);电镜观察显示胃癌早期淋巴细胞浸润较多,癌细胞穿基膜不明显,晚期则淋巴细胞浸润较少,癌细胞穿基膜明显.结论:MMP-3,TIMP-3的表达程度和MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值可作为判定胃癌的侵袭和转移的指标,对其预后的判断具有参考价值.     

人 LAK 细胞免疫效应分子 HMGN2 的鉴定

为分离纯化人淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK)小分子抗菌多肽,应用制备尿素-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和反向高效液相色谱技术分离纯化人LAK细胞酸溶性提取物,纯化出一个具抗菌活性的多肽HLP-3p21.蛋白质N端氨基酸测序、质谱精确分子质量测定、蛋白质印迹分析证明HLP-3p21为HMGN2.最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)试验证明HMGN2有抗大肠杆菌ML-35p氨苄青霉素耐药株、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、白色念珠菌ATCC 10231活性,无抗金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923活性.制备HMGN2多克隆抗体,应用免疫荧光化学、酶联免疫吸附测定和蛋白质印迹方法对HMGN2进行定位分析,证明单个核细胞经IL-2刺激成为LAK细胞时部分HMGN2由胞核转移至胞浆,进而分泌到胞外.提示HMGN2是LAK细胞一个新的免疫效应分子.     

HMGN2 regulates non‐tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization

Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as an environmental and atypical mycobacteria, can cause the chronic pulmonary infectious diseases. Macrophages have been suggested as the main host cell to initiate the innate immune responses to NTM infection. However, the molecular mechanism to regulate the antimicrobial immune responses to NTM is still largely unknown. Current study showed that the NTM clinical groups, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, significantly induced the M1 macrophage polarization with the characteristic production of nitric oxide (NO) and marker gene expression of iNOS, IFNγ, TNF‐α, IL1‐β and IL‐6. Interestingly, a non‐histone nuclear protein, HMGN2 (high‐mobility group N2), was found to be spontaneously induced during NTM‐activated M1 macrophage polarization. Functional studies revealed that HMGN2 deficiency in NTM‐infected macrophage promotes the expression of M1 markers and the production of NO via the enhanced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Further studies exhibited that HMGN2 knock‐down also enhanced IFNγ‐induced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, we observed that silencing HMGN2 affected the survival of NTM in macrophage, which might largely relevant to enhanced macrophage polarization into M1 phenotype under the NTM infection. Collectively, current studies thus suggested a novel function of HMGN2 in regulating the anti‐non‐tuberculous mycobacteria innate immunity of macrophage.     

Discovery of Antimicrobial Peptides in Cervical‐Vaginal Fluid from Healthy Nonpregnant Women via an Integrated Proteome and Peptidome Analysis

Cervical‐vaginal fluid (CVF) covers the lower part of the female reproductive system and functions in the homeostasis and immunity of the surrounding tissues. In contrast to the CVF proteome of both nonpregnant and pregnant women, the CVF peptidome has not been reported to date. In the current study, we identified 1087 proteins in CVF, of which 801 proteins were not previously identified in CVF proteomes. The presence of the tissue‐specific proteins oviductal glycoprotein 1 and tubulin polymerization–promoting protein family member 3 strongly suggests that the tissues of the upper female reproductive tract contribute to the protein composition of CVF. The tremendous catalytic potential of CVF was highlighted by the identification of 85 proteases and the detection of pH‐dependent trypsin‐like proteolytic activity. Over 1000 endogenous peptides were detected in the CVF peptidome, and 39 peptides are predicted to have antimicrobial activity. The detailed proteomic and peptidomic analysis of CVF will further aid in the delineation of pathways related to reproduction, immunity and host defense, and assist in developing new biomarkers for malignant and other diseases of the female reproductive tract. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD004450 (CVF peptidome) and PDX004363 (CVF proteome).     

Combining Rapid Data Independent Acquisition and CRISPR Gene Deletion for Studying Potential Protein Functions: A Case of HMGN1

CRISPR‐Cas gene editing holds substantial promise in many biomedical disciplines and basic research. Due to the important functional implications of non‐histone chromosomal protein HMG‐14 (HMGN1) in regulating chromatin structure and tumor immunity, gene knockout of HMGN1 is performed by CRISPR in cancer cells and the following proteomic regulation events are studied. In particular, DIA mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) is utilized, and more than 6200 proteins (protein‐ FDR 1%) and more than 82 000 peptide precursors are reproducibly measured in the single MS shots of 2 h. HMGN1 protein deletion is confidently verified by DIA‐MS in all of the clone‐ and dish‐ replicates following CRISPR. Statistical analysis reveals 147 proteins change their expressions significantly after HMGN1 knockout. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis indicate the deletion of HMGN1 induces histone inactivation, various stress pathways, remodeling of extracellular proteomes, cell proliferation, as well as immune regulation processes such as complement and coagulation cascade and interferon alpha/ gamma response in cancer cells. These results shed new lights on the cellular functions of HMGN1. It is suggested that DIA‐MS can be reliably used as a rapid, robust, and cost‐effective proteomic‐screening tool to assess the outcome of the CRISPR experiments.     

Expression and Characterization of Human Tissue Kallikrein Variants

Human tissue kallikrein is a serine protease implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders. As one of the two principal enzymes that generate proinflammatory kinin peptidesin vivo,tissue kallikrein represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in diseases such as asthma, pancreatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Three distinct human tissue kallikrein variants, differing in one or two amino acid substitutions, are predicted to exist based on genomic or cDNA nucleotide sequences derived from different tissues. The effects of these substitutions on the biochemical properties of tissue kallikrein are unknown but could, in principle, confer tissue-specific functions on the enzyme or affect the clinical utility of specific kallikrein inhibitors. All three variants, as well as a deglycosylated derivative, were expressed in high yield as recombinant proteins inPichia pastoris.The recombinant kallikrein variants and natural urinary kallikrein all hydrolyzed synthetic peptides with similar specificity and efficiency and released kallidin from kininogen at comparable rates. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the interactions between kallikrein variants and protein inhibitors such as SBTI, α₁-PI, and aprotinin. We conclude that the known tissue kallikrein variants represent allelic variants and are not likely to have tissue-specific activity related to the amino acid substitutions.     

人分化相关基因Ndr2的克隆与组织表达谱研究

人Ndr1基因参与细胞终末分化 ,并且对肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤转移具有抑制作用 .从人 2 2周孕龄胎肝cDNA文库中获得与人Ndr1基因同源的一段表达性序列标签 ,继而从成人脑cDNA文库分离出其全长cDNA(2 12 1bp) ,并将该基因命名为Ndr2 .其染色体定位为 14q11 1- 11 2 ,开放阅读框编码 371个氨基酸 ,且与NDR1蛋白一样 ,含有一个典型的α β水解酶折叠类结构域 (α βhydrolasefold) .Northern杂交和点杂交分析显示 ,该基因与Ndr1一样 ,在脑中高表达 ,在胚胎组织的表达较低 ,在 8种人肿瘤细胞中的表达极低 .然而 ,Ndr2基因的组织表达谱与Ndr1又有鲜明的差异 :其在成人骨骼肌和脑等神经组织中表达最高 ,在唾液腺、肝、肾、心肌和气管中的表达次之 .结果提示 ,NDR2具有与NDR1相似或相关的重要功能 .     

Cell Type- and Tissue Context-dependent Nuclear Distribution of Human Ago2

Argonaute-2 protein (Ago2), a major component of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), has been viewed as a cytoplasmic protein. In this study, we demonstrated by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy that Ago2 is distributed mainly as a nuclear protein in primary human foreskin keratinocytes in monolayer cultures and their derived organotypic (raft) cultures, although it exhibits only a minimal level of nuclear distribution in continuous cell lines such as HeLa and HaCaT cells. Oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) or type 18 (HPV18) infection of the keratinocytes does not affect the nuclear Ago2 distribution. Examination of human tissues reveals that Ago2 exhibits primarily as a nuclear protein in skin, normal cervix, and cervical cancer tissues, but not in larynx. Together, our data provide the first convincing evidence that the subcellular distribution of Ago2 occurs in a cell type- and tissue context-dependent manner and may correlate with its various functions in regulation of gene expression.     

支气管哮喘豚鼠肺组织中KLF2 的表达及意义

目的:探讨锌指Krüppel样转录因2(KLF2)在豚鼠支气管哮喘肺组织中的表达及意义。方法:30只健康雄性豚鼠,按随机数字表法分为对照组(A组)、哮喘组(B组)及地塞米松治疗组(C组),每组10只。卵清蛋白致敏法复制哮喘模型。观察豚鼠肺组织病理学改变,BALF细胞总数及分类计数;采用原位杂交和RT-PCR检测肺组织中KLF2的mRNA表达情况,免疫组化和Westernblot检测肺组织中KLF2的蛋白表达水平。结果:(1)哮喘组豚鼠BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEU%)显著高于对照组(P<0.01),哮喘组肺组织可见大量炎症细胞浸润,及明显气道重塑改变,而地塞米松治疗组BALF炎细胞浸润及肺组织病理改变较哮喘组明显减轻;(2)KLF2mRNA和蛋白在哮喘组表达显著低于对照组,在地塞米松治疗组中的表达明显高于哮喘组,3组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);(3)KLF2蛋白以及mRNA与肺泡灌洗液炎细胞总数及EOS%,NEU%呈负相关。结论:KLF2在支气管哮喘急性发作期模型中表达明显下降,而地塞米松治疗后KLF2的表达上调,提示KLF2可能在支气管哮喘的发病机制与防治中起重要作用。     

杂合抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及其活性测定

为获得溶血活性低、抗菌活性高的杂合抗菌肽,以家蝇抗菌肽Cec Md和中国林蛙抗菌肽Chensirin为母体肽,并结合毕赤酵母偏爱密码子的原则,设计出6条具有抗菌潜力的新型杂合抗菌肽,将其命名为CC22、CC28、CC29、CC30和CC34(1),CC34,利用SOE-PCR技术合成所需的目的基因,并将其克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZαA,通过电击转化技术,将其转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168中,经含有Zeocin的抗性平板筛选阳性转化子,YPD液体培养72h后,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测出目的蛋白,然后采用高效液相色谱法对其进行纯化。检测结果显示,表达产物CC29对大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为25μg/ml;CC34(1)对大肠杆菌表现相对较弱的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为100μg/ml;CC34对鸡沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为50μg/ml;且杂合抗菌肽对有益菌均没有表现出抑制作用。6条杂合肽的溶血活性均呈现较低水平,其中表现出抗菌活性的3条抗菌肽中,以CC29的溶血活性最低,CC34(1)和CC34相对次之。结合抑菌活性,CC29和CC34的抑菌效果较为明显,从而确定溶血活性低且抗菌活性较高的CC29和CC34为新型杂合抗菌肽。