灵芝漆酶催化直接耐晒翠蓝GL脱色条件的优化

采用灵芝菌株发酵所得的漆酶, 对酞菁类染料直接耐晒翠蓝GL进行了催化脱色实验, 确定了脱色反应的最适条件。结果表明: 单独使用灵芝漆酶粗酶液对直接耐晒翠蓝GL具有很好的脱色效果。其最适脱色pH为3.0, 最适脱色温度为40°C, 最适漆酶用量是40 U/mL, 最适染料浓度为60 mg/L。以上述最适脱色条件对直接耐晒翠蓝GL进行脱色实验, 反应70 min, 脱色率可达94.3%。研究结果显示, 所试灵芝漆酶在印染废水治理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

阿魏菇与胶红酵母共培养产漆酶对活性艳蓝W-RV的脱色

利用阿魏菇与胶红酵母共培养所产漆酶对染料活性艳蓝W-RV进行脱色,同时考察不同p H、温度、染料浓度和漆酶酶活等条件对脱色的影响。结果显示,酸性范围内的p H有利于活性艳蓝W-RV的脱色,较高温度并不适于脱色反应。在研究不同染料浓度的影响时发现,不同浓度染料的脱色率在7 h反应后都达到了稳定,而漆酶酶活在达到200 U/L后脱色率不再变化。因此,最终得到的最适反应条件为p H 4.5、30℃、染料质量浓度100 mg/L、漆酶酶活200 U/L,在此条件下,活性艳蓝W-RV的最高脱色率为89.91%。     

红平菇产漆酶条件优化及对孔雀绿染料脱色的研究

采用LNAS(低氮天冬酰胺-琥珀酸)培养基添加方式,对红平菇Pleurotus djamor HP1进行培养,检测不同时间培养液对不同底物的氧化作用,进而得到光密度值的变化情况,作为漆酶的产生及活性测定的主要依据。结果表明:在含Cu2+的培养液中漆酶最大酶活为235.4 U/L。含Cu2+的培养液添加底物木屑后漆酶最大酶活为458.8 U/L。提取经优化筛选后的培养基培养出的漆酶粗酶液,对4种具有不同化学结构的染料进行了脱色试验。结果表明:三苯基甲烷类的孔雀绿在6 h时脱色率为87.5%,蒽醌类的SN4R在24 h时脱色率为49.4%,偶氮类的甲基橙在24 h时脱色率为45%,杂环类的中性红在24 h时脱色率为23.6%。因此,显示出红平菇漆酶对孔雀绿染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力,进而对废水处理具有更好的应用前景。     

假单胞菌S-59对多种染料的脱色和降解

从受染料长期污染的污泥样品中分离到28株对多种染料具有脱色能力的细菌,其中一株假单胞菌S-59号菌对79种染料均有脱色作用。该菌对酸性红B 2GL (简称酸性红B)和活性桔K₂GV的脱色活力高达4.48—4.43mg(染料)·g^-1(细胞湿重)·h^-1。对阳离子红2GL和酸性红B在浓度为1×10^-1mol/L时其半脱色时间只有0.5小时。染料浓度在100 mg/L以上时会抑制菌的脱色率,而对菌生长的抑制作用则取决于不同     

重组海洋细菌漆酶Lac15脱色人工合成纺织染料的潜力

以重组海洋细菌漆酶Lac15(rLac15)为生物催化剂,对蒽醌类和偶氮类染料进行脱色,考察了rLac15对人工合成纺织染料的脱色潜能。通过研究催化的介体、酶量、pH、染料浓度以及温度对脱色效率的影响,进一步优化了rLac15对部分蒽醌类和偶氮类人工合成纺织染料的脱色条件。以丁香酸甲酯为介体,在pH 8.5、45℃条件下反应1 h,20 U/L rLac15对100μmol/L偶氮染料类Acid Red 6B(AR-6B),Reactive Blue 194(M-2GE),Reactive Brilliant Orange(K-7R)和Reactive Blue 171(KE-R)具有较好的脱色效果,脱色率分别达到95%、93%、76%和61%。随着染料浓度的增加,脱色率呈下降趋势,但当染料浓度达到200μmol/L时,M-2GE和AR-6B仍可保持80%以上脱色率。在常温下,rLac15对AR-6B、M-2GE、K-7R和KE-R显示较高脱色率,25℃反应24 h,分别达到96%、86%、66%和66%。rLac15是具有常温以及偏碱性环境脱色能力的细菌漆酶,具有潜在工业应用价值。     

固定化漆酶对染料酸性紫43的脱色和降解

采用自制复合型载体丙烯酸酯类聚合物固定的漆酶对染料酸性紫43进行脱色处理。研究了固定化酶的用量、底物浓度、温度、pH对其降解效果的影响。结果表明,固定化漆酶脱色降解酸性紫43的适宜条件为:酶用量12.5 U/mL,染料浓度150 mg/L,反应的温度范围在45~55℃,pH值范围在4.5~5.0。在上述条件下降解4h,染料酸性紫43脱色率能达到98.5%。重复分批使用固定化漆酶处理染料酸性紫43,在使用8批次后,脱色率仍然能保持在90%以上,其催化效率得到了很大提高。     

刺芹侧耳产漆酶条件优化及对偶氮染料甲基橙的脱色

漆酶是一种含铜的单电子多酚氧化酶,能够催化氧化各种酚类及多种染料,在处理染料废水方面具有巨大的潜力。刺芹侧耳Pleurotus eryngii具有较强的产漆酶能力,但漆酶产量在较大程度上受环境条件限制。本文研究了氮源含量、pH、温度、金属离子等环境条件对刺芹侧耳产漆酶能力的影响,优化了其产漆酶条件,并用其粗酶液对典型偶氮类染料甲基橙进行脱色,结果表明,在氮源0.5%（W/W）、pH 5.5、温度28℃、添加5.0mmol/L Mg ²⁺的培养条件下,刺芹侧耳产漆酶能力最强,培养6d时,漆酶酶活可达78.0U/L。用优化培养的刺芹侧耳粗酶液对偶氮染料甲基橙进行脱色,28h后脱色率可达90%,脱色反应为准一级动力学反应,甲基橙并未完全矿化,而是生成小分子中间产物。     

一株产漆酶真菌新月弯孢霉JQH-100在染料脱色中的应用

从感染叶斑病的玉米叶片中分离、纯化得到一株高产漆酶的新月弯孢霉Curvularia lunata JQH-100菌株。液体培养Curvularia lunata JQH-100可产漆酶且活性较高,产酶高峰出现在第3天;以ABTS为底物粗酶液的最适反应温度是30℃,最适反应pH是2.8;染料脱色的研究表明,共培养体系对茜素红的脱色率达到了92.6%,对中性红和刚果红的脱色率也都在80%以上;Curvularia lunata JQH-100所产漆酶经纯化后对染料茜素红和刚果红有较高的脱色率,分别为82.1%和81.2%。研究结果显示Curvularia lunata JQH-100在染料废水处理中有较大应用潜力。     

胶质射脉革菌漆酶的复合诱导及其脱色性能

[目的]研究复合诱导对胶质射脉革菌BBEL0901产漆酶的影响及其粗酶液对染料的脱色性能。[方法]采用分光光度法测定漆酶活性及其染料脱色性能。[结果]甘草渣和Cu2+对BBEL0901产漆酶均有促进作用,于发酵的第6 d向含甘草渣的低氮培养基中添加Cu2+(0.5 mmol/L)对漆酶的协同诱导作用最显著,活性达325.1 U/m L,分别为Cu2+单独诱导、甘草渣单独诱导和未诱导的4倍、14.4倍和19.8倍。粗酶液对不同结构的染料均有较强的脱色能力,对三苯甲烷类染料的脱色效果最好,脱色率达80%以上。[结论]甘草渣与Cu2+对BBEL0901漆酶具有协同诱导作用,酶活最高可达325.1 U/m L,产业化潜力大,所得粗酶液在染料脱色方面具有良好的应用前景。     

短小芽孢杆菌LC01漆酶基因在毕赤酵母中的胞外表达及重组漆酶酶学性质研究

为了获得表达量高、稳定性好及染料脱色效率高的细菌漆酶,通过PCR扩增出短小芽孢杆菌LC01的漆酶基因并构建重组表达载体pPICZαA-lac,转化毕赤酵母菌株SMD1168H后利用甲醇诱导培养重组菌获得重组漆酶,纯化并分析了重组漆酶的性质。重组菌株产漆酶活性在第7天达到最高,为1 390 U/L。纯化的重组漆酶分子量为65 kD,以丁香醛连氮为底物的最适反应温度和pH分别为70℃和6.8。在pH 9.0放置10 d活性没有下降,在70℃保温10 h后仍保留36%的酶活。Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)完全抑制漆酶活性。在介体乙酰丁香酮参与下该漆酶能够有效脱色RB亮蓝、活性黑5和靛红,在pH 9.0时6 h的脱色率达到了90%以上,表明该重组漆酶能有效应用于染料废水的脱色处理。     

Effect of inducers on the decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Navy blue 2GL by Bacillus sp. VUS

Bacillus sp. VUS decolorized azo dye Navy blue 2GL in 48 h at static anoxic condition in yeast extract medium, whereas it took only 18 h for the decolorization in presence of CaCl₂. Different inducers played role in the decolorization of Navy blue 2GL. CaCl₂ found to be the most effective inducer among all inducers tested. The activity of enzymes like lignin peroxidase, laccase and reductases viz. NADH-DCIP, azo and riboflavin induced during decolorization represents their role in the biodegradation. Extracellular LiP and intracellular laccase activity induced with CaCl₂. Yeast extract was best medium for faster decolorization than other media. UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis and visual examinations showed decolorization of dye. High performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy showed degradation of dye. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy revealed formation of 4-Amino-3-(2-bromo-4, 6-dinitro-phenylazo)-phenol and acetic acid 2-(-acetoxy-ethylamino)-ethyl ester as final products. Bacillus sp. VUS also decolorized synthetic effluent. Phytotoxicity study showed detoxification of Navy blue 2GL.     

白囊耙齿菌对茜素红脱色条件优化及其毒性变化检测

白囊耙齿菌Irpex lacteus是分离自倒木上的一株可以分泌漆酶和锰过氧化物酶的白腐真菌。利用I. lacteus对固体条件下的活性黑、活性红、结晶紫、茜素红和孔雀石绿进行脱色能力的检测,通过单因素和正交试验优化I. lacteus对茜素红的脱色条件,并以3种作物发芽率为指标测定茜素红被I. lacteus脱色前后的毒性变化。结果显示,I. lacteus对5种染料均可脱色,其中对茜素红染料的脱色更为彻底;单因素和正交试验优化I. lacteus对茜素红的脱色条件为：pH 7.0、葡萄糖10.0g/L、硫酸铵0.66g/L、接种量2片（Φ=8.0mm）、100.0mL三角瓶装液20.0mL,优化条件下I. lacteus对茜素红脱色10d时的脱色率为88.26%,与未优化前的脱色率相比提高了60.50%;茜素红染料被I. lacteus脱色前后毒性大小排序为：染料原液>染料脱色后>PDB培养基处理,表明茜素红染料存在一定的毒性,I. lacteus脱色茜素红后可以使其毒性减弱。通过本研究,为I. lacteus在茜素红等染料废水脱色以及降低染料废水毒性方面的应用奠定基础。     

藜芦醇和吐温80对白腐菌产木质素降解酶的影响及在偶氮染料脱色中的作用

担子菌PM2在限氮液体培养下,分泌木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶;藜芦醇、吐温 80的补充,提高了该菌锰过氧化物酶的产生,获得的最大锰过氧化物酶Mnp酶活为254.2u/L、190.2 u/L,分别是对照的3.4倍和2.5倍。选择三种偶氮染料,在染料体系下,进一步分析藜芦醇、吐温 80对担子菌PM2产过氧化物酶及染料脱色的影响。结果表明,担子菌PM2分泌的锰过氧化物酶Mnp与染料脱色有关,脱色程度受其分子结构特征影响;吐温80的补充,更有利于染料的脱色降解,48h后三种染料均可达到80%以上的脱色率。     

Effect of enrichment procedures on performance and microbial diversity of microbial fuel cell for Congo red decolorization and electricity generation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enrichment procedure on the performance and microbial diversity of an air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) which was explored for simultaneous azo dye decolorization and electricity generation. Two different enrichment procedures in which glucose and Congo red were added into the MFCs sequentially (EP1) or simultaneously (EP2) were tested by operating parallel MFCs independently for more than 6 months. The power density, electrode potential, Congo red decolorization, biofilm morphology, and bacterial diversity of the MFCs under the two enrichment procedures were compared and investigated. The results showed that the enrichment procedures have a negligible effect on the dye decolorization, but significantly affected the electricity generation. More than 90% decolorization at dye concentration of 300 mg/L was achieved within 170 h for the two tested enrichment procedures. However, the MFC with EP2 achieved a maximum power density of 192 mW/m², which was 75% higher than that of the MFC with EP1 (110 mW/m²). The depressed surfaces of the bacteria in the MFC with EP1 indicated the allergic response caused by the subsequent addition of Congo red. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated a phylogenetic diversity in the communities of the anode biofilm and showed clear differences between the anode-attached populations in the MFCs with a different enrichment procedure. This study suggests that the enrichment procedure is important for the MFC explored for simultaneous dye decolorization and electricity generation.     

Decolorization and biosorption for Congo red by system rice hull- Schizophyllum sp. F17 under solid-state condition in a continuous flow packed-bed bioreactor

Synthetic dyes are important chemical pollutants from various industries. This work developed an efficient and relatively simple continuous decolorization system rice hull-Schizophyllum sp. F17 under solid-state condition in a packed-bed bioreactor, for decolorizing Congo red. In the decolorization system, two decolorization mechanisms exist, one is decolorization by Schizophyllum sp. F17, the other is biosorption by rice hull. The decolorization efficiency was greatly affected by dye concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT), which were quantificationally analyzed and optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). A 2(2) full factorial central composite design (CCD) was performed, and three second order polynomial models were generated to describe the effects of dye concentration and HRT on total decolorization (R2=0.902), decolorization by Schizophyllum sp. F17 (R2=0.866) and biosorption by rice hull (R2=0.890). Response surface contour plots were constructed to show the individual and cumulative effects of dye concentration and HRT, and the optimum values. A maximum total decolorization 89.71% and maximum decolorization by Schizophyllum sp. F17 60.44% was achieved at dye concentration 142.63mg/L, HRT 41h, and dye concentration 110.7mg/L, HRT 29.4h, respectively. Meanwhile, the role of manganese peroxidase (MnP) in the decolorizaion process was investigated. This study proved the feasibility of continuous mode for decolorizing synthetic dyes by white-rot fungi in solid-state fermentation bioreactors.     

Laccase-mediator system in the decolorization of different types of recalcitrant dyes

Phloroglucinol, thymol, and violuric acid (VIO) were selected as laccase mediators after screening 14 different compounds with indigo carmine (indigoid dye) as a substrate. With the presence of these three mediators, a nearly complete decolorization (90-100%) was attained in 1 h. Thus, these three compounds were used as mediators for the decolorization of other four dyes. The results indicated that VIO was effective mediator in decolorization of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR, anthraquinoid dye) and Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (CBB, triphenylmethane dyes), and Acid red (diazo dye). In presence of VIO, the four dyes described above attained 70% decolorization. Thymol was able to mediate decolorization of RBBR and Azure A (heterocyclic dye). Phloroglucinol has no mediating capability in decolorization of the four dyes analyzed. Mediator concentration, pH, and copper ion have an effect on the decolorization of the RBBR. Our data suggested that the decolorization capabilities of laccase/mediator system were related to the types of mediator, the dye structure and decolorization condition.     

开放条件下烟管菌XX-2对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

[目的]评价白腐真菌Bjerkandera adusta XX-2处理孔雀石绿染料废水的能力,为其在染料废水中的应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用批次实验在开放条件下研究通气、pH、温度、染料初始浓度、培养时间、碳源、氮源、金属离子、盐度等因子对该菌降解孔雀石绿的影响.同时利用植物萌发、微生物抑菌和水生动物致死实验对降解产物进行毒性测试.[结果]B.adusta XX-2菌株在开放的非灭菌条件下也能高效降解孔雀石绿.例如,在初始浓度为120 mg/L且以孔雀石绿为唯一营养源的条件下降解率也能达到60％.静置培养和摇动培养呈现出几乎相同的降解率,这可以为技术应用节约动力成本.最适降解pH与温度分别为7.0和25℃.在上述参数体系的优化基础上,分别进行了碳源、氮源与金属离子的添加优化实验,结果显示低浓度的碳源(如柠檬酸钠)、氮源(如氯化铵)和金属离子(如Zn2+)均可大大提高B.adusta XX-2对孔雀石绿的脱色效率.同时B.adusta XX-2的降解也能在很高的盐浓度下进行.毒性测试表明降解后的染料对植物、微生物、水生生物的毒性大大减少.[结论]B.adusta XX-2菌株在处理染料废水方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

Simultaneous decolorization of azo dye and bioelectricity generation using a microfiltration membrane air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell

Electricity generation from readily biodegradable organic substrates accompanied by decolorization of azo dye was investigated using a microfiltration membrane air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). Batch experiment results showed that accelerated decolorization of active brilliant red X-3B (ABRX3) was achieved in the MFC as compared to traditional anaerobic technology. Biodegradation was the dominant mechanism of the dye removal, and glucose was the optimal co-substrate for ABRX3 decolorization, while acetate was the worst one. Confectionery wastewater (CW) was also shown to be a good co-substrate for ABRX3 decolorization and a cheap fuel source for electricity generation in the MFC. Low resistance was more favorable for dye decolorization than high resistance. Suspended sludge (SS) should be retained in the MFC for accelerated decolorization of ABRX3. Electricity generation was not significantly affected by the ABRX3 at 300 mg/L, while higher concentrations inhibited electricity generation. However, voltage can be recovered to the original level after replacement with anodic medium not containing azo dye.     

一色齿毛菌对刚果红的脱色优化及其毒性变化研究

一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor是分离自野外的一株能够降解木质素的白腐真菌。为明确一色齿毛菌对染料的脱色能力及脱色前后染料毒性的变化,本研究利用一色齿毛菌对固体条件下4种染料进行脱色能力的检测,筛选出较易脱色的染料后,对该染料的脱色条件进行优化,并以3种豆类发芽率为指标测定该染料脱色前后的毒性变化。结果表明,一色齿毛菌对4种染料均可脱色,其中对刚果红的脱色效果最为明显;一色齿毛菌对刚果红脱色条件的优化结果为：20g/L麦芽糖,1g/L硝酸铵,1mmol/L硫酸镁,接种9块直径1cm菌饼,10mg/L染料浓度,pH 7时脱色效果最好;刚果红染料脱色前后毒性测试结果显示：染料脱色前发酵液毒性>染料脱色后发酵液毒性>清水处理毒性,表明刚果红染料存在一定的毒性,但在被一色齿毛菌脱色后,染料毒性有所降低。本研究为一色齿毛菌在染料废水脱色方面的应用及降低染料废水毒性提供一定的参考依据。