FINES,ORDERS, FEAR . . . AND CONSENT? MEDICAL RESEARCH IN EAST AFRICA,C. 1950s

This article reconstructs the history of medical research in East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda), laying out the lies, rumours, and oppressive techniques that made research such a fraught enterprise during the colonial era. The focus is on the beginning stages of medical research: researchers' arrivals, villagers' responses, the gathering of subjects and consent. New archival and oral sources gathered in East Africa illuminate the research encounter and reintegrate the perspective of villagers cum subjects. Data from the 1950s shows that upon arrival in a village, researchers regularly lied in order to avoid sensitive topics and sidestep potential opposition. Misinformation fuelled villagers' fears, skepticism and rumours of blood stealing researchers. When it came to gathering subjects, researchers were rarely involved in the challenging work of enticing villagers to participate, preferring to rely on chiefs. Chiefs, however, often relied on heavy-handed and ethically questionable techniques. The article concludes by looking at the much-discussed concept of group consent, and showing that historically a chief never had the authority to consent on behalf of villagers.     

Contents Volume 65, 2003

Volume Contents

Contents Volume 65, 2003     

羊年说羊

羊是人们最熟悉的动物。我们通常谈到的羊是家养的绵羊与山羊。除了这些,在自然界还存在许多野生的羊如山羊与羚羊。山羊与羚羊都是有蹄类动物。有蹄类动物的祖先6000万年前才出现。它们适应了地球上的各种各样生态环境,形成了众多的种类。有蹄类动物都是草食动物,按照其蹄的数目是奇数还是偶数,分为奇蹄目和偶蹄目。植物体的主要成分之一是纤     

Contents Volume 119, 2003

Volume Contents

Contents Volume 119, 2003     

Author Index Volume 65, 2003

Authors Index

Author Index Volume 65, 2003     

更名--以Guizhoueugnathus和Guizhoubrachysomus分别代替Guizhouella Liu,2003,和Brachysomus Liu,2003

最近,动物学记录(Zoological Record)的生产干事J．K．Page博士来信告知Guizhouella和Brachysomus(刘冠邦等,2003)两属名分别已被杨式溥(1978)在描述贵州下石炭统的腕足类和Schoenherr(1823)在描述鞘翅类昆虫时首先使用了。因此,作者建议以新属名Guizhoueugnathus和     

Editor's Report for June 2001-May 2003: Simon Easteal, June 2003

It has been an honor to serve as Editor of Molecular Biologyand Evolution. The task has been both rewarding and onerous,and it is with mixed feelings that I