Isolation of new actinomycete strains for the screening of new bioactive compounds

In order to facilitate the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from microorganisms, various techniques for isolation of new actinomycete strains have been attempted. Studies of the vertical distribution of actinomycetes in soil, isolation of actinomycetes from desert soils or fallen leaves, selective isolation of Kitasatospora strains using novobiocin or Actinoplanes strains using the chemotactic method, and the use of gellan gum as a solidifying agent were carried out. We discovered 9 novel bioactive compounds from actinomycete strains isolated under unusual conditions, and proposed two new genera, five new species and one new subspecies.     

Four new interstitial species of marine Oligochaeta representing a new family

A new oligochaete family, Randiellidae, is established for R. multitheca sp.n. (from the continental shelf off the east coast of the U.S.A.), R. litoralis sp.n. (from Oregon, U.S.A.), R. caribaea sp.n. and R. minuta sp.n. (both from Guadeloupe and Martinique), all members of a new marine genus Randiella. The species are characterized by small single-pointed and somewhat sigmoid somatic setae, slender (generally hair-like) modified genital setae in segment X, sperm funnels in X (if one pair), or in X and XI (if two pairs), very simple male ducts lacking atria, clitellum over XII-XIII, and multiple spermathecae in VII and/or VIII.     

我国柱盘孢属一新种和一新记录种

报道我国柱盘孢属1个新种和1个新记录种,新种为刺苋Amaranthus spinosus上的苋柱盘孢Cylindrosporium amaranthi,新记录种为寄主柳属植物Salix sp.上的柳柱盘孢Cylindrosporium salicinum。对此二种进行了形态学描述、图解和讨论。研究标本保藏于西北农林科技大学真菌标本室(HMUABO)。     

A new species and a new record of Helicomyces from Taiwan

Helicomyces geniculatus sp. nov. from decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream at Juchi Town of Alishan area, Chiayi County, Taiwan, is described and illustrated. It differs from other Helicomyces species in having geniculate conidiophores arising from repent hyphae and also borne on erect setae. Abundant stalked sclerotia were also found in this species. Helicomyces torquatus is described in this paper as a new record for Taiwan, with new observation. The phylogenetic relationship of H. geniculatus, H. torquatus, and related taxa were sought by comparing the sequences of their ITS barcode of the nuc rDNA. A synopsis of the 13 accepted Helicomyces species is given.     

Seven new species of Penicillium and a new variety of Penicillium novae-caledoniae Smith

Seven new species of Penicillium Link ex Fries and a new variety of Penicillium novae-caledoniae Smith are described and illustrated. Four of them have been recovered from the air in Madrid, Spain, one from beech leaves litter in a beech forest near Nancy, France, two from sandy soils in Madrid, and one from an andosol in the Spanish Province of Navarra. They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore, described and proposed as new taxa: Penicillium turolense sp. nov., Penicillium murcianum sp. nov., Penicillium ovetense sp. nov., Penicillium asturianum sp. nov., Penicillium onobense sp. nov., Penicillium castellonense sp. nov., Penicillium aragonense sp. nov., and Penicillium novae-caledoniae Smith, var. album var. nov.     

Small-molecule natural products: new structures, new activities

A wide variety of novel small-molecule natural products has recently been reported. These compounds were isolated from marine and terrestrial sources, and from a variety of animals, plants and microorganisms. With the breadth of diversity represented in these bioactive small molecules, the future of natural product drug discovery looks bright.     

斑痣盘菌科一新种及一中国新记录种

报道斑痣盘菌科的2个分类单元,其中生于八角Illiciumverum上的八角生散斑壳Lophodermiumilliciicolasp.nov.是新种,寄生于柳属植物Salixspp.上的脐突斑痣盘菌Rhytismaumbonatum为中国新记录种。对此二种进行了汉文描述、图解和讨论,新种附有拉丁文特征简介。供研究标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室(AAUFP)。     

荨麻科三新种

该文描述了荨麻科三新种:(1)自中国重庆市发现的荨麻科荨麻属一新种,城口荨麻。此种与异株荨麻有亲缘关系,区别特征为此种的茎被少数刺毛,叶片多为心形,雄、雌花序均不分枝,瘦果在中央稍凹陷。(2)自中国广西发现的荨麻科赤车属一新种,来宾赤车。此种与特产云南东南部的富宁赤车相近缘,与后者的区别在于本种茎的毛开展或向上弯曲,叶片长椭圆形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3~4枚花被片,其中1~2枚较大花被片在背面顶端具一长筒状突起。(3)自缅甸北部发现的荨麻科楼梯草属一新种,克钦楼梯草。此种在体态上与骤尖楼梯草甚为相似,与后者的区别在于本种的每一茎节具正常叶和一退化叶,托叶狭披针状条形和无脉,雌总苞苞片无角状突起,雌小苞片较大,呈楔状长圆形,雌花具一小花被片,以及雌蕊具一宽倒卵球形柱头。     

A new species and new records of Cercophora from Argentina

Three species of Cercophora were found during a survey of the biodiversity of microfungi in northwest Argentina. Cercophora argentina possesses a unique combination of morphological characters and is described as a new species, while C. costaricensis and C. solaris are reported as new records for Argentina. Other species of Cercophora known from this region include C. natalita and C. coprogena, which is fully illustrated for the first time and determined herein to be a synonym of C. californica. All other species are described and illustrated.     

Two new genera of Glossopteridae

Two glossoptcrid fructifications from the Permian are described. Mudgea , from Australia, consists of a tuft of scales bearing winged orbicular seeds and Breytenia is an urceolate receptacle with biconvex ovules.     

A new species of Raveniopsis (Rutaceae), a genus new to Brazil

Raveniopsis aracaënsis is described from Serra Aracá, Brazil and is the first record of the genus from Brazil.     

Two new species of Cladorrhinum

Two new species of Cladorrhinum, C. flexuosum and C. microsclerotigenum, are described and their sequences of the 5.8S and 28S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster analyzed. Cladorrhinum flexuosum, isolated from soil in Spain, forms fast-growing, dull yellow colonies, flexuous conidiophores and globose to dacryoid conidia. Cladorrhinum microsclerotigenum, isolated from Musa sp. in Turkey, strongly resembles Cladorrhinum phialophoroides in the production of abundant terminal phialides, ellipsoid conidia and microsclerotia in culture. It differs from C. phialophoroides in its ability to grow at 36 C and high number of intercalary phialides, which only infrequently occur in C. phialophoroides.     

A new species and a new subspecies of the stargazer genusGnathagnus from Northwestern Australia

Heretofore the genusGnathagnus (Uranoscopidae) has been composed of three species:G. elongatus (Temminck et Schlegel) from northern Australia to Japan,G. innotabilis (Waite) from Australasia, andG. egregius (Jordan et Thompson) from the western Atlantic Ocean. In this paper, a new species and a new subspecies from northwestern Australia are described and a key to the known species and subspecies of the genus is presented.     

HP17, a new pigment-like antibiotic produced by a new strain of Spirillospora

Spirillospora strain 719 produces several antibiotics. On solid and liquid media, a deep red pigment is formed and diffuses throughout the culture. It was extracted with methanol from the mycelium cake and from the fermentation broth after precipitation at pH 2 and purified using TLC and HPLC. Its u.v. absorption spectrum and its physicochemical characteristics place this antibiotic in the 3.3.2.2.8 of the Berdy et al. classification. In most respects, it resembles proteinaceous pigment from Spirillospora 1655 and 1309-b that was studied and named spirillomycin. However, HP17 differs from spirillomycin principally in molecular weight and chemical nature.     

Four new dinoflagellates

Fragilidium fissile is a new species of this rare genus. It somewhat resemblesF. subglobosum. It differs from the latter in having a slot and a pore in the first apical plate 1′ (the nomenclature of dinoflagellate plate designation follows the Kofoid system). Both species are also distinguishable by noticeable differences in Po, 1″″ and 1‴.Peridinium tyrrhenicum is a small species differing from all the other known species ofPeridinium in its shape, apical channel and several plates, especially some of the sulcal components.Alexandrium foedum somewhat resemblesA. balechii, but it differs from the latter in that its width is greater than its length, and in the characters of all the main sulcal plates. The above listed species were found in a sample from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The fourth species,Alexandrium andersoni, is a small dinoflagellate obtained in coastal waters off Cape Cod. It differs from all the other species of the minutum group in the very typical shapes of both the 6″ and the S. s.Pentapharsodinium daleii Indelicato and Loeblich is transferred toPeridinium.     

A new genus and three new species of Antarctic cheilostome Bryozoa

Three new cheilostome bryozoans species were discovered in the collections of the BIOPEARL I cruise to the Scotia Arc. The species were found on boulders from the continental slope and shelf-break of Powell Basin, South Georgia and Shag Rocks in Agassiz trawl catches from the RRS James Clarke Ross. Amphiblestrum henryi sp. nov. is characterised by a conspicuous avicularium acute to the frontal surface overarching more than half of the opesia. On the distobasal edge of the avicularium there are 1–4 processes pointed distally and distolaterally. Inferusia taylori gen. et sp. nov. is characterised by a reduced gymnocyst, extensive costate frontal shield, and an avicularium distal of the orifice. Antarctothoa haywardi sp. nov. has three types of zooids: autozooids, male and female, the males possessing a tiny orifice in relation to zooid size. The species is very similar to Antarcothoa alia but the shape of the autozooidal orifice, with its deeper and narrower sinus, as well as a lack of condyles in the proximal corners of the male orifice allow the species to be recognized as new.     

The Ordovician-Silurian boundary: new data, new concerns

Despite International Union of the Geological Sciences (IUGS) ratification of the International Commission on Stratigraphy recommendation that the base of the Parakidograptus acuminatus zone be the base of the Silurian and that the boundary stratotype be at Dob's Linn, Scotland, numerous concerns continue to be expressed over the timing of the selection as well as the boundary and its stratotype. The richness of both graptolite and non-graptolite biostratigraphic data in numerous stratigraphic sections from many areas in China published at about the same time that the boundary and stratotype were approved formally and shortly after approval suggest the possibility that boundary designation may have been somewhat premature. The new data from China document clearly the major extinction of characteristic Late Ordovician taxa significantly below the presently accepted System boundary. The new data indicate that the re-radiation of graptolites after the extinction took place in the Glyptograptus persculptus zone, the graptolite zone subjacent to the P. acuminatus zone. New geochemical data from Dob's Linn reveal a change in chemistry in strata subjacent to the base of the G. persculptus zone that could be used as an aid in correlation. The new data suggest the possibility that the base of the G. persculptus zone, the relatively traditional base of the Silurian, could be as appropriate a System boundary as the base of the P. acuminatus zone.     

细基格孢属一新种和两个中国新记录种

A new species and two new Chinese records in the genus Ulocladium from soil are reported. New species is Ulocladium leve, and the new records are U. alternariae and U. consortiale. Latin diagnosis of the new species is presented. Holotype specimen (dried culture) of the new species and dried cultures of two new records are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).