乙型肝炎病毒进入肝细胞机制研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染早期进入肝细胞机制研究一直是HBV研究领域的热点和难点．简单易得的HBV体外感染细胞模型是HBV感染进入机制研究无法逾越的主要障碍．近年来,随着新型HBV体外感染细胞模型的建立和应用(HepRG细胞和树鼩原代肝细胞),HBV的进入机制研究取得了一系列重大发现．综述了近几年HBV进入肝细胞机制的最新研究进展,主要包括HBV表面蛋白进入相关结构域的鉴定,已发现的候选HBV进入相关分子和尚待解决的问题．     

丙型肝炎病毒受体及其感染机制

病毒与宿主细胞的吸附是病毒感染的第一步,其相互作用决定了病毒的宿主范围和组织、细胞的易感性。丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)受体的研究,对于阐明HCV的感染机制及感染模型具有重要意义。     

丙型肝炎病毒基因分型研究进展及临床意义

丙型肝炎是经血或血制品传播的急慢性肝炎类疾病,可转化为肝硬化或肝癌.其致病因子丙型肝炎病毒是一种高异质性RNA病毒,可根据其基因变程度的不同分为多个基因型与亚型,其基因分型与地理分布,病情进展及干扰素的治疗效果有关,近年来发展出了多种检测基因分型的方法.本文就近年来丙型肝炎基因分型的各种检测方法作一比较并综述了基因分型的临床意义,为临床对各种检测方法的选择提供一定的依据.     

丙型肝炎病毒多表位DNA疫苗的研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）是非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原,目前还没有有效的预防和治疗手段。多表位DNA疫苗(multi-epitope DNA vaccine, minigenes/epigenes)是指通过筛选与组合优势抗原表位(包括T细胞、B细胞表位)基因,以能产生高效细胞、体液免疫应答进而清除HCV病毒为目的的新型核酸疫苗。其优势在于通过选择最具免疫保护潜力的表位以覆盖尽量多的病毒亚型和诱导全面的机体抗病毒免疫应答,并尽量减少无关、干扰和抑制序列可能产生的负面影响。本文介绍近年来国内外在丙型肝炎多表位DNA疫苗方面的研究进展,并展望了其发展方向。     

鸭甲型肝炎病毒VP1研究进展

甲型鸭肝炎病毒(Duck hepatitis A virus,DHAV)是造成雏鸭死亡率高的主要原因之一,给养鸭业带来了巨大的经济损失.而其主要衣壳蛋白VP1由于具有多种优势抗原表位,能够刺激机体产生中和抗体,被广泛认为是DHAV遗传变异的重要依据.本文主要介绍了VP1常见的突变位点及其对病毒特性的影响、VP1的改造和VP1的遗传演化,为进一步了解DHAV的遗传进化,疫苗开发与选择提供参考.     

乙型肝炎病毒受体研究进展

肝细胞是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的主要靶器官,病毒黏着并进一步侵入肝细胞是感染启动的关键步骤。近几年的研究发现,肝细胞膜上的受体在病毒感染中起着至关重要的作用。我们对近年来几种可能的HBV受体的研究情况进行综述,对阐明HBV入侵肝细胞的机制具有一定的意义。     

戊型肝炎病毒ORF3及其蛋白的研究进展

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是发展中国家急性肝炎流行的重要病原体之一,由于缺少有效的细胞培养系统和廉价的小型动物模型,对病毒的生物学特性及发病机理了解较少。近几年在HEV ORF3及其蛋白的分子生物学特性和功能研究方面取得了一些进展,为深入了解HEV的感染和致病机理提供了新的理论依据,对这些研究成果进行了综述。     

The Intraviral Protein Interaction Network of Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health problem and one of the main reasons for chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV genome is translated into a polyprotein which is proteolytically processed into 10 viral proteins. The interactome of the HCV proteins with the host cell has been worked out; however, it remains unclear how viral proteins interact with each other. We aimed to generate the interaction network of these 10 HCV proteins using a flow-cytometry-based FRET assay established in our laboratory (Banning, C., Votteler, J., Hoffmann, D., Koppensteiner, H., Warmer, M., Reimer, R., Kirchhoff, F., Schubert, U., Hauber, J., and Schindler, M. (2010) A flow cytometry-based FRET assay to identify and analyse protein-protein interactions in living cells. PLoS One 5, e9344).HCV proteins were constructed as fusions with the chromophores CFP and YFP. All HCV fusions were expressed and localized to specific subcellular compartments, indicating that they were functional. FACS-FRET measurements identified a total of 20 interactions; 13 of these were previously described and have now been confirmed in living cells via our method. Among the seven novel protein binding pairs, HCV p7 plays a pivotal role. It binds to the HCV capsid protein Core and the two glycoproteins E1 and E2. These interplays were further demonstrated in the relevant context of Huh7.5 liver cells expressing infectious HCV.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of rapidly generating small interaction networks via FACS-FRET and defines the network of intra-HCV protein interactions. Furthermore, our data support an important role of p7 in HCV assembly.Hepatitis C virus (HCV)¹ belongs to the family of Flaviviridae and is the only member of the genus Hepacivirus. The ∼9.5-kB positive-strand RNA genome is directly translated via an internal ribosomal entry site into a polyprotein. This is proteolytically processed by cellular and viral proteases into structural (Core, E1, E2) and nonstructural (p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A/B, and NS5A/B) proteins (1). In recent decades, light was shed on the importance and biological relevance of most HCV proteins, which ultimately led to the development of the first specific antiviral therapy involving inhibition of the NS3 serine protease (2). However, because HCV is highly variable and because of the rapid emergence of drug resistance, additional therapeutic approaches are urgently needed (2). An impressive body of data was derived from protein interaction or siRNA screens investigating the interplay of HCV proteins with cellular factors (3–5). Although these screens are essential in order for researchers to understand how HCV manipulates the host cell, their potential benefit for novel therapeutic approaches could be limited. HCV is a chronic viral infection, and targeting host factors might result in drugs with severe adverse effects. Thus, a promising strategy would be to specifically inhibit interactions among viral proteins. Surprisingly, until now, a comprehensive analysis of the putative interactions and the interplay of HCV proteins with each other in living human cells has been lacking.In the present work, we did an extensive and thorough analysis of intra-HCV protein interactions. We used our novel flow-cytometry-based FRET assay that allows rapid assessment of the interplay between proteins in thousands of living cells (6). Therefore, this experimental approach enables quantification and statistical evaluation of all results. From the total of 20 interactions established by FACS-FRET, we chose to further investigate three that were not yet described in the literature. The putative HCV viroporin p7 binds to the structural proteins, and this was verified via biochemical methods in cells expressing fully infectious HCV.The established network of intra-HCV protein interactions in living mammalian cells provides new insights into the biology of this important human pathogen. Furthermore, we identified several HCV protein interactions that could be targeted for antiviral therapy.     

microRNA-122与丙型肝炎病毒复制和肝细胞癌的相关研究进展

microRNA-122(miR-122)是一种肝脏特异性微小RNA,与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的复制和感染及肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生密切相关。近年来,科研人员关于miR-122的研究已取得了较大进展。在此,我们就miR-122与HCV复制和HCC的相关关系等方面的研究进展做简要综述。