Early metabolic changes in regenerating microfragments of the liverwort Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont.: Protein and RNA synthesis,free α-amino concentration

Microfragments of constant size were isolated from the thallus of Riella by a rapid punching procedure. Thus it was possible to study various metabolic parameters especially during the first hours after fragment isolation. Protein synthesis increases rapidly after a slight decrease at 30 min. The earliest significant increase in RNA synthesis occurs at 8 h, indicating a different activation pattern. The concentration of -amino compounds drops at 30 min and then increases continuously, thus exhibiting a close relationship with the measured alterations in protein synthesis. Another indication of metabolic conversions during regeneration is provided by the changing level of free radioactive leucine, which shows a marked turning point at 24 h after fragmentation. Analysis of free -amino concentrations in small regions of larger fragments also indicates the establishment of new intercellular correlations only a few hours after isolation of the cells from the meristem. Up to the 8th h after fragmentation, the contents of both the adaxial and peripheral fragment regions increase. Thereafter only the adaxial (regenerating) cells continue accumulating; the peripheral (nonregenerating) ones remain at the same level.     

新西兰Ulota germana(Mont.) Mitt.(Orthotrichaceae)的再发现（英文）

Ulota germana(Mont.)Mitt.,之前被作为U.rufula(Mitt.)A.Jaeger,仅在新西兰南岛的马尔堡区有记录,而且该种已经六十余年未被发现过。本文增加了一个新地点:尼尔森区,丹尼斯顿,靠近丹尼斯顿陡坡顶端停车区域。新西兰的Ulota germana与该种的南美居群形态基本一致,除了叶片,雌苞叶和孢子的大小变异。这一新标本被很好地描述,特别是补充了之前研究所缺失的蒴盖和蒴帽特征。本文还提供了Ulota germana的地理分布图以及该种与相近种的形态区别。Ulota pygmaeothecia(Müll.Hal.)Kindb.已被处理为U.luteola(Hook.f.Wilson)WijkMargad.的异名且从新西兰苔藓志中排除。     

Distribution of sulphur forms in soils from beech and spruce forests of Mont Lozère (France)

From a quantitative inventory of sulphur forms and sulphur budget, the relation between the distribution of the various sulphur forms and the sulphate fluxes in three soil profiles has been addressed. These profiles are located in two forested watersheds at Mont Lozère. One has been sampled in a beech forest and the other two in a spruce forest and in a harvested plot of this spruce forest, respectively. The mean annual input-output budgets showed a sulphur immobilization in the soil cover of the three plots. In the preserved spruce forest plot, because of larger dry depositions, the sulphur immobilization is much greater than in other plots and occurs essentially in the B horizons. In the other two profiles, the dominant immobilization occurs in the parent material.The total sulphur content is very high in the forest floor reaching 2065 g S g^-1 in the litter of one of the soils under spruce. In the organo-mineral horizons of soils under spruce, the total sulphur content decreases with depth and ranges from 310 to 520 g S g^-1 in the A horizons to 100–200 g S g^-1 in the parent material. In the profile under beech, the total sulphur content is lower except in the parent material. In all cases, the organic sulphur is the major part of sulphur often representing more than 90% of total sulphur. In organo-mineral soil horizons of the spruce forest, the part of the sulphateesters is more important than in the soil of the beech forest, probably related to the different nature of the microbial activity in the spruce forest. In contrast, the humification processes are more efficient in the soil under beech, which can be due to the greater input of organic sulphur by litterfall. It appears that the dominant organic sulphur form varies as a function of microbial ecology and sulphate flux. The maximum of the inorganic sulphate is located at the base of the B horizons in the soil of the spruce forest and in the parent material of the soil under beech. In these horizons, the high content of inorganic sulphate can be related to the higher amounts of amorphous Fe and Al phases.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont. (Calymperaceae) and S. hawaiicus Müll.Hal.

Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont. is lectotypified and its key features are discussed. A neotype is designated for Syrrhopodon hawaiicus Müll.Hal. and the taxon is placed in synonymy with S. gaudichaudii. A key to the species of Syrrhopodon occurring in the Hawaiian Islands is provided.     

Structural analysis of carrageenans from the red alga, Callophyllis hombroniana Mont. Kütz (Kallymeniaceae, Rhodophyta)

The use of a range of modern analytical techniques has facilitated the structural characterisation of the polysaccharide from the New Zealand endemic red alga, Callophyllis hombroniana. The native polysaccharide contains a number of structural units with the largest proportion consisting of 3-linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl 2-sulfate units, alternating with 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl 2-sulfate units, that is, theta-carrageenan (36 mol%). C. hombroniana is the first red seaweed reported to naturally contain such a large proportion of theta-carrageenan.     

Die Widerstandsfähigkeit von Kartoffelsorten gegenüber der durchPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary hervorgerufenen Krautfäule

Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1955 bis 1957 wurden 383 Kulturkartoffelsorten auf ihr Verhalten gegenüber 15 Rassen derPhytophthora infestans geprüft und dabei festgestellt, daß 61 Sorten das Gen R₁ und 7 Sorten andere R-Gene besitzen. Aus den Stammbäumen ist zu entnehmen, daß die R-Gene in allen Fällen ausSolanum demissum bzw. den W-Rassen vonK. O. Müller, die ihrerseits auch aufSolanum demissum zurückgehen, stammen.Von 1950 bis 1957 wurden an dem gleichen Sortiment Beobachtungen über die Feldresistenz gegenüber derPhytophthora infestans durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß auch unter den Frühkartoffeln Sorten mit relativ hoher Feldresistenz vorkommen und daß der prozentuale Anteil von Sorten mit hoher Feldresistenz in der Gruppe, die das Gen R₁ enthält, höher ist als in der Gruppe mit r.Herrn Prof.von Sengbusch zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Gauchergasilus,a new genus for Ergasilus euripedesi Montú, 1980, an abundant parasitic copepod from the Patos Lagoon in southern Brazil

Ergasilus euripedesi is redescribed from newly collected material of both sexes. A new genus, Gauchergasilus, is proposed, with Gauchergasilus euripedesi n. comb., formerly Ergasilus euripedsi Montú, 1980, as its type and only species. The new genus is characterised principally by the five-segmented antennule, the presence of a conspicuous barb on the concave margin of the claw of the antenna, the two-segmented endopod of leg 1 and the reduced fifth leg comprising two setae, one papillate. The male lacks the barb on the antennal claw but its other appendages are similar to those of the female, except for the maxilliped which is absent in females. The affinities of the new genus lie with the Acusicola group of genera.     

Ecology of phlebotomine sand flies in the rural community of Mont Rolland (Thiès region, Senegal): area of transmission of canine leishmaniasis

Background

Different epidemiological studies previously indicated that canine leishmaniasis is present in the region of Thiès (Senegal). However, the risks to human health, the transmission cycle and particularly the implicated vectors are unknown.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To improve our knowledge on the population of phlebotomine sand flies and the potential vectors of canine leishmaniasis, sand flies were collected using sticky traps, light traps and indoor spraying method using pyrethroid insecticides in 16 villages of the rural community of Mont Rolland (Thiès region) between March and July 2005. The 3788 phlebotomine sand flies we collected (2044 males, 1744 females) were distributed among 9 species of which 2 belonged to the genus Phlebotomus: P. duboscqi (vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Senegal) and P. rodhaini. The other species belonged to the genus Sergentomyia: S. adleri, S. clydei, S. antennata, S. buxtoni, S. dubia, S. schwetzi and S. magna. The number of individuals and the species composition differed according to the type of trap, suggesting variable, species-related degrees of endophily or exophily. The two species of the genus Phlebotomus were markedly under-represented in comparison to the species of the genus Sergentomyia. This study also shows a heterogeneous spatial distribution within the rural community that could be explained by the different ecosystems and particularly the soil characteristics of this community. Finally, the presence of the S. dubia species appeared to be significantly associated with canine leishmaniasis seroprevalence in dogs.

Conclusions/Significance

Our data allow us to hypothesize that the species of the genus Sergentomyia and particularly the species S. dubia and S. schwetzi might be capable of transmitting canine leishmaniasis. These results challenge the dogma that leishmaniasis is exclusively transmitted by species of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World. This hypothesis should be more thoroughly evaluated.     

Les Bryozoaires de la formation d'âge paléocène (Danien probable)du Mont Aimé (Marne,Bassin parisien)

The Mont Aimé Formation, of doubtful age, likely paleocene and probably danian, yielded an association of 7 bryozoan species. Two of them are new: Plagioecia bibensis and Beisselina bigeyae. The stratigraphic conclusions are reduced because the other occuring species, among which are of great importance Planicellaria sp. aff. oculata d'Orbigny and Nellia sp. aff. stricta Labracherie, are probably new. The Bryozoans, which lived in an environment with strong terrigenous discharges, resisted to the mud invasion by means of the high number of their avicularia or respectively of the flexibility of their jointed zoaria or of their substratum.     

Syrrhopodon cuneifolius Thér. (Calymperaceae), a good species endemic to Madagascar,with notes on S. leprieurii Mont. from the American tropics

Syrrhopodon cuneifolius Thér. is lectotypified and confirmed as a good species, endemic to Madagascar. The features distinguishing it from the superficially similar Syrrhopodon leprieurii Mont., and morphological variation in the latter are discussed. In contrast to the leaves in S. leprieurii, those in S. cuneifolius generally lack large spines, possess a costa with a ventral cortex of small pluripapillose cells, and have a marginal stereome that fails short of the leaf apex. Consideration is given to removing Syrrhopodon recurvulus Mitt. from synonymy with S. leprieurii and placing it in synonymy with Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont.     

Une nouvelle espèce de Pseudamaurops Jeannel, 1948 du Monténégro,et remarques sur les genres voisins (Coleoptera: Pselaphinae: Amauropini)

Une nouvelle espèce du genre Pseudamaurops Jeannel, 1948, récoltée dans une grotte à proximité de Virpazar, au Monténégro, et décrite et illustrée. Il s’agit là du troisième représentant du genre, deux autres espèces ayant été décrites d’Albanie. La position taxonomique de la nouvelle espèce est discutée, quelques remarques sur le genre et deux genres apparentés, Bergrothia Reitter, 1884 et Zoufalia Reitter, 1918, sont fournies.     

Gentelles-Le Mont de l’Evangile (département de la Somme,France) : un site de plateau occupé de l’Acheuléen au Micoquien

The palaeolithic site of Gentelles (Somme, France) is situated on a chalky plateau unlike most Lower and Middle Palaeolithic sites of the Somme basin, which are related to fluvial environments (alluvial and slope deposits). The archaeological material of the site excavated at Gentelles on several thousand square meters is recovered from the infilling of a dolina. The archaeological sequence is attributed to Late Middle and Upper Pleistocene (MIS 10 to MIS 5). The assignment of the loess infilling the dolina to MIS 6 is supported by ESR/U-Th dates obtained on teeth and the IRSL age of the sediment. All lithic assemblages include bifacial production and debitage with cores showing one or several surfaces of debitage. There is no evidence of Levallois flaking methods, which are very common in many Middle Palaeolithic industries of Northern France. The first steps of the reducing sequences are not present in most lithic assemblages. Some faunal remains (equids, bovids) have been discovered in the loess deposits. In most cases, the function of the site corresponds to short occupations of hunters moving on the plateau. In contrast, the CLG assemblage (MIS 8) which shows many phases of the reducing sequence suggests longer occupations.