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1.
Two of the eight recognized lion subspecies, North African Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo) and South African Cape lion (Panthera leo melanochaita), have become extinct in the wild in the last 150 years. Based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (HVR1) extracted from museum specimens of four Barbary and one Cape lion, the former was probably a distinct population characterized by an invariable, unique mtDNA haplotype, whilst the latter was likely a part of the extant southern African lion population. Extinction of the Barbary line, which may still be found in “generic” zoo lions, would further erode lion genetic diversity. Therefore, appropriate management of such animals is important for maintaining the overall genetic diversity of the species. The mtDNA haplotype unique to the Barbary lion, in combination with the small size of the HVR1 analyzed (c. 130 bp), makes it possible and cost-effective to identify unlabelled Barbary specimens kept in museums and “generic” captive lions that may carry the Barbary line. An initial study of five samples from the lion collection of the King of Morocco, tested using this method, shows that they are not maternally Barbary. 相似文献
2.
Billy Sinclair Leica Briskey William Aspden Graham Pegg 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2007,17(2-3):223-235
Nautilus species are the only remaining cephalopods with an external shell. Targeted heavily by the shell trade across their distribution
area, these species have a poorly known population structure and genetics. Molecular techniques have been used to assess levels
of inter- and intra-population genetic diversity in isolated populations of Nautilus in the northern sections of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia and in the Coral Sea. Distinct populations, physically
separated by depths in excess of 1,000 m were examined. RAPD analysis of genetic differences showed limited differentiation
of the “Northern GBR” populations and the “Coral Sea” populations. Discrimination between the two geographic groups was observed
from these data. In addition, partial sequencing of the CoxI gene region, yielded 575 bp of sequence, which was aligned for 43 samples and phylogenetic trees constructed to examine genetic
relationships. Two distinct clades were resolved in the resulting trees, representing the “Northern GBR” and “Coral Sea” population
groups. Inter- and intra-population relationships are presented and discussed. The differentiation of the Nautilus populations from the Northern section of the Great Barrier Reef and those from the Coral Sea were supported by two distinctly
different methodologies and the significance of this separation and the potential evolutionary divergence of these two population
groups is discussed. 相似文献
3.
Juan L. Bouzat 《Genetica》2000,110(2):109-115
A fundamental criterion for recognizing species or populations as potentially endangered is the presence/absence of genetic
diversity. However, the lack of control populations in many studies of natural systems deprives one from unambiguous criteria
for evaluating the genetic effects of small population size and its potential effects on fitness. In this study, I present
an example of how the lack of adequate controls may lead to erroneous conclusions for understanding the role that population
size may play in the preservation of genetic diversity and fitness of natural populations. The genetic analysis of a population
of greater prairie chickens from Illinois, USA, between two time periods (1974–1987 and 1988–1993) in which the studied population
experienced a substantial reduction in size and fitness showed no apparent associations between population size and genetic
diversity. However, genetic analysis of museum specimens from early this century indicated that Illinois prairie chickens
had originally higher levels of genetic diversity, which suggest the Illinois population was already bottlenecked by the 1970s.
This study emphasizes the importance of using historical controls to evaluate the temporal dynamics of genetic variability
in natural populations. The large number of museum collections worldwide may provide a valuable source of genetic information
from past populations, particularly in species currently endangered as a result of human activities.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
V. V. Rozhnov I. G. Meschersky S. L. Pishchulina L. V. Simakin 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(4):488-492
Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (495 bp) of sables (Martes zibellina) and pine martens (M. martes) from allopatric parts of the species ranges has shown a considerable interspecific genetic distance (>3%). In sympatric
populations of these species in the northern Urals, differences between two species-specific mtDNA lineages are still large;
however, classification of each individual nucleotide sequence with one of the two lineages is not correlated with whether
the given animal is phenotypically a sable, a pine marten, or a potential hybrid (the so-called “kidas”). This indicates a
high degree of reciprocal introgression of the sable and pine marten mtDNA in the northern Urals and suggests that their interspecific
hybridization is common in the sympatric zone. 相似文献
5.
Vicariance and isolation leading to speciation of reptiles on islands is well exemplified in a number of taxa in the Caribbean. The St. Lucia whiptail (Cnemidophorus vanzoi), considered a single species, is found on two small islets (Maria Major and Maria Minor) off the main island of St. Lucia. From lizards collected from both localities, we gathered morphological measurements and analysed the genetic divergence between populations, using a molecular survey of ∼
∼2800 mtDNA base pairs and 8 microsatellites. There are significant differences in body size and general form and fixed but small mtDNA differences between island populations. Microsatellites reveal low diversity within populations but very high differentiation between islands with non-overlapping allele size ranges at all except one microsatellite and two loci exhibiting single-base polymorphism, fixed between islands. Based on these results, we examine published criteria to determine whether the studied island forms could be considered true species. According to the phylogenetic species concept and Moritz’s evolutionary significant unit (ESU) criteria, the two lizard populations can be considered separate entities. Crandall et al.’s (2000, Trends Ecol. Evol., 15, 290–295) broader categorization of population distinctiveness, based on concepts of ecological and genetic exchangeability, produces conflicting results depending on the interpretation of the observed ecological data. Following Fraser and Bernatchez’s (2001, Mol. Ecol., 10, 2741–2752) framework for management decisions when ecological data are not sufficient we propose that the lizard populations on the Maria islands are on differing evolutionary trajectories and thus at the species boundary. The populations are of high priority to conservation, thus meriting separate management. 相似文献
6.
Genetic variation within, and divergence among, populations of the liverwortConocephalum conicum were estimated from the study of 17 populations and 23 putative gene loci. Two additional multilocus genotypes (“T” and “FS”)
were detected in Japan, along with the previously reported “J” type. These three multilocus genotypes differed both morphologically
and ecologically. All eight populations from western Japan included only the J-type and exhibited low genetic variation within
populations: Nei's (1973) average gene diversity (Ĥ)=0.080±0.029. In contrast, co-occurrence of several multilocus genotypes in each population from the Kanto District resulted
in much higher levels of genetic variation (Ĥ=0.218±0.037). If the three genotypes are distinguished,Ĥ values are 0.113±0.030 for T-type, 0.107±0.033 for FS-type, and 0.083±0.018 for J-type. UsingC. japonicum, which showed low genetic variation (0.014±0.010) as an outgroup, each genotype formed a monophyletic clade, and the J- and
FS-types were more closely related to each other than to the T-type. Populations of western Japan and the Kanto District also
differed in the degree of gene diversity among populations, but the reasons for these differences are obscure. 相似文献
7.
Populations of the “continental” Great Cormorant P. c. sinensis have expanded from north-eastern Europe towards the western part of the range of the “marine” P. c. carbo breeding in the United Kingdom and France. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of ecological segregation between
subspecies by analysing the structuring of the European populations. Sequencing the mtDNA of 231 birds belonging to 20 colonies
revealed 38 haplotypes based on 25 polymorphic sites (5.76% sequence divergence). P. c. sinensis (“S”) was well confirmed, but usual P. c. carbo formed two coastal populations, the real P. c. carbo “C” mainly in the western part of the range (United Kingdom, coastal France), and also in Norway and Sardinia, and “N”, branched
to the Japanese Cormorant P. capillatus and probably isolated by glaciations, mainly present in the Nordic range (Norway, but also on the coasts from Sweden to Brittany),
we named P. c. norvegicus. In a variable position in the trees but close to C is a group of undetermined origin haplotypes, named U, also present in
both traditional ranges. The new tree-nesting colonies in Brittany are clearly a mixture of S and the two clades C and N previously
described as P. c. carbo, with a decreasing proportion of C + N between 1993 (67%), 1996 (60%) and 2002 (33%) for the pioneering Grand-Lieu colony. These results confirmed the current introgression
of continental populations in the western range, with probable hybridization. Although the subspecies can switch habitats
locally due to social behaviour and migrations, the ecological segregation between the two usual subspecies appears to be
largely confirmed in Europe. 相似文献
8.
Habitat restoration and native grass conservation: a case study of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
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Hsiaochi Chang Helen M. Alexander Evans Mutegi Allison A. Snow 《Restoration Ecology》2018,26(3):506-515
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been planted extensively for habitat restoration across the United States, such as with the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). However, genetic profiles of these populations have never been studied nor compared with those of remnant prairies or cultivars. In this study, we sampled 16 CRP and 17 prairie populations across eastern Kansas. We assessed ploidy levels of all populations and compared genetic diversity and structure of 10 prairies, 10 CRP areas, and 5 standard cultivars, using nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers. All CRP and prairie populations were octaploid (8x), except two prairies with both hexaploid (6x) and octaploid (8x) individuals. Based on the results of SSR analyses, there were no significant differences between CRP and prairie populations in genetic diversity, and 94% of total variation was partitioned within populations. Similarities among prairie and CRP populations were also observed in Bayesian clustering algorithms and principal coordinate analysis, suggesting that they had similar genetic compositions. In addition, positive spatial autocorrelations were detected up to 42 and 46 km among prairie and among CRP populations, respectively. To conclude, the CRP and prairie populations shared similar genetic profiles. However, remnant prairies still harbored unique genotypes and a high level of genetic diversity, highlighting the importance of seed sources for restoration efforts, that is using local wild seeds or cultivars from the same geographical region. A popular tetraploid (4x) cultivar known as “Kanlow” was genetically distinct from the prairie populations and therefore is not recommended for habitat restoration in this region. 相似文献
9.
Low genetic variation is often considered to contribute to the extinction of species when they reach small population sizes.
In this study we examined the mitochondrial control region from museum specimens of the Heath Hen (Tympanuchus cupido cupido), which went extinct in 1932. Today, the closest living relatives of the Heath Hen, the Greater (T. c. pinnatus), Attwater’s (T. c. attwateri) and Lesser (T. pallidicinctus) Prairie-chicken, are declining throughout most of their range in Midwestern North America, and loss of genetic variation
is a likely contributor to their decline. Here we show that 30 years prior to their extinction, Heath Hens had low levels
of mitochondrial genetic variation when compared with contemporary populations of prairie-chickens. Furthermore, some current
populations of Greater Prairie-chickens are isolated and losing genetic variation due to drift. We estimate that these populations
will reach the low levels of genetic variation found in Heath Hens within the next 40 years. Genetic variation and fitness
can be restored with translocation of individuals from other populations; however, we also show that choosing an appropriate
source population for translocation can be difficult without knowledge of historic population bottlenecks and their effect
on genetic structure. 相似文献
10.
Palkovacs EP Oppenheimer AJ Gladyshev E Toepfer JE Amato G Chase T Caccone A 《Molecular ecology》2004,13(7):1759-1769
Population introduction is an important tool for ecosystem restoration. However, before introductions should be conducted, it is important to evaluate the genetic, phenotypic and ecological suitability of possible replacement populations. Careful genetic analysis is particularly important if it is suspected that the extirpated population was unique or genetically divergent. On the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, the introduction of greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) to replace the extinct heath hen (T. cupido cupido) is being considered as part of an ecosystem restoration project. Martha's Vineyard was home to the last remaining heath hen population until its extinction in 1932. We conducted this study to aid in determining the suitability of greater prairie chickens as a possible replacement for the heath hen. We examined mitochondrial control region sequences from extant populations of all prairie grouse species (Tympanuchus) and from museum skin heath hen specimens. Our data suggest that the Martha's Vineyard heath hen population represents a divergent mitochondrial lineage. This result is attributable either to a long period of geographical isolation from other prairie grouse populations or to a population bottleneck resulting from human disturbance. The mtDNA diagnosability of the heath hen contrasts with the network of mtDNA haplotypes of other prairie grouse (T. cupido attwateri, T. pallidicinctus and T. phasianellus), which do not form distinguishable mtDNA groupings. Our findings suggest that the Martha's Vineyard heath hen was more genetically isolated than are current populations of prairie grouse and place the emphasis for future research on examining prairie grouse adaptations to different habitat types to assess ecological exchangeability between heath hens and greater prairie chickens. 相似文献
11.
Adam M. Reitzel John A. Darling James C. Sullivan John R. Finnerty 《Biological invasions》2008,10(8):1197-1213
Distinguishing natural versus anthropogenic dispersal of organisms is essential for determining the native range of a species
and implementing an effective conservation strategy. For cryptogenic species with limited historical records, molecular data
can help to identify introductions. Nematostella vectensis is a small, burrowing estuarine sea anemone found in tidally restricted salt marsh pools. This species’ current distribution
extends over three coast lines: (i) the Atlantic coast of North America from Nova Scotia to Georgia, (ii) the Pacific coast
of North America from Washington to central California, and (iii) the southeast coast of England. The 1996 IUCN Red List designates
N. vectensis as “vulnerable” in England. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 516 individuals from 24 N. vectensis populations throughout its range and mtDNA sequencing of a subsample of these individuals strongly suggest that anthropogenic
dispersal has played a significant role in its current distribution. Certain western Atlantic populations of N. vectensis exhibit greater genetic similarity to Pacific populations or English populations than to other western Atlantic populations.
At the same time, F-statistics showing high degrees of genetic differentiation between geographically proximate populations support a low likelihood
for natural dispersal between salt marshes. Furthermore, the western Atlantic harbors greater genetic diversity than either
England or the eastern Pacific. Collectively, these data clearly imply that N. vectensis is native to the Atlantic coast of North America and that populations along the Pacific coast and in England are cases of
successful introduction. 相似文献
12.
M Mizianty W Bieniek A Czech W Strzaτka M Szklarczyk 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2005,256(1-4):193-200
The AFLP method was used to study the inter-population variability of eight populations of Elymus caninus (L.) L. as well as three populations of Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz. In these studies a clear distinction was found between two phenotypes of E. caninus collected in the same locality. It also appeared that two populations of E. caninus representing the “pauciflorum” morphotype were clustered together, similarly as two populations of E. caninus exhibiting morphotype “caninus”. Additionally, the populations of the “pauciflorum” type were clustered together with all
samples of H. europaeus. Furthermore, the same approach was applied to analyze the intra-population variability of E. caninus. The populations ranged from nearly uniform to as diverse as the samples collected from different localities. In some populations
of this species the presence of off-type plants was revealed. Our data indicate the predominantly self-pollinating character
of E. caninus and the possible genetic relationship between of E. caninus and H. europaeus.
It is the second paper from the series: Biodiversity of wild Triticeae (Poaceae) in Poland, the first is: Mizianty M. 2005.
Variability and structure of natural populations of Elymus caninus (l.) L. based on morphology. Pl. Syst. Evol. 251: 199–216. 相似文献
13.
Olivier Duriez Jean-Marie Sachet Emmanuel Ménoni Nathalie Pidancier Christian Miquel Pierre Taberlet 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(3):513-526
The Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is a keystone species of Palearctic boreal and altitude coniferous forests. With the increase of mountain leisure activities
and habitat loss, populations are declining in most mountain ranges in Western Europe. Recent work has shown that the populations
from the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains survived a severe bottleneck during the 19th century, and are still considered
as threatened due to habitat fragmentation and isolation with other populations. We present an extensive phylogeographic study
based on mitochondrial DNA sequence (control region) extracted non-invasively from faeces collected throughout the species
range (from western European mountains to central and eastern Europe, Fenno-Scandia, Russia and Siberia). We also compared
our results with DNA sequences of closely related black-billed capercaillie (T. parvirostris). We found that populations from Pyrenees and Cantabrians are closely related but are different from all other capercaillie
populations that form a homogenous clade. Therefore, we consider that these South-Western populations should be considered
as forming an Evolutionary Significant Unit that needs an appropriate management at a local scale. We also discuss the possible
locations of glacial refugia and subsequent colonisation routes in Eurasia, with a Western “aquitanus” lineage from Iberia and Balkans, and an Eastern “urogallus” lineage from Southern Asia. This work might have important implication for capercaillie conservation strategies to define
important areas for conservation, and to prevent possible exchange or introductions of individuals originated from other lineages.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version
of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
Alexis F. L. A. Powell William H. Busby Kelly Kindscher 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2007,11(3):299-308
The Regal Fritillary (Speyeria idalia), which once occupied prairies and meadows in North America from the upper Great Plains to the Atlantic coast, has disappeared
in recent decades from nearly the entirety of the eastern half of its range and has declined westward. In the Great Plains,
where the species is limited to native prairie remnants, several large populations are thought to exist, but patterns of occurrence
and abundance in the region have not been described in detail. We surveyed prairies within a three county area of northeastern
Kansas using distance-sampling along line transects and found Regal Fritillaries present at 70 of 87 sites. Population density
varied considerably among sites but was generally much higher at those that had not been burned in the past year. Despite
the loss of >99% of its original prairie landcover and the small sizes of remnants
we estimate that our study area supports a globally significant population of ∼12,000 adult individuals. Given the rapidity
of decline of Regal Fritillary populations elsewhere, this study establishes important population benchmarks and a practical
protocol for future monitoring efforts. 相似文献
15.
The rapidly declining Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is of conservation concern owing in part to hybridization with the closely related Blue-winged Warbler (V. pinus). These species hybridize extensively in eastern North America and over the past century the Blue-winged Warbler has displaced
the Golden-winged Warbler from substantial regions of its historic breeding range. A previous study suggested that these genetic
interactions result in rapid and asymmetric introgression of Blue-winged Warbler mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into Golden-winged
phenotype populations within the zones of contact, but more recent and extensive surveys have documented a more complex pattern
of genetic interchange between these taxa. We surveyed mtDNA/phenotype associations in 104 individuals of known phenotype
drawn from two locations with different histories of contact and found substantial variation between sites in the extent of
introgression. Where both species have co-existed for more than a century, we found evidence of bi-directional introgression
and the long-term persistence of Golden-winged mtDNA haplotypes. At the leading edge of the northward expansion of Blue-winged
Warblers, we found predominantly Golden-winged Warbler mtDNA haplotypes in both Golden-winged and hybrid-phenotype individuals.
Across both sites, genetic swamping does not appear to be occurring via the early immigration of Blue-winged Warbler females
into populations dominated by Golden-winged Warbler phenotypes. Instead, the differing patterns of mitochondrial introgression
may be driven by the relative local population sizes of the parental species coupled with subtle between-species differences
in mate choice and habitat preferences. 相似文献
16.
Shigeru M. Shirai Ryoji Kuranaga Hideki Sugiyama Masahito Higuchi 《Ichthyological Research》2006,53(4):357-368
We analyzed patterns of genetic diversity in the sailfin sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus), focusing on population subdivisions within the Sea of Japan. We observed 270 specimens from nine sampling sites in 1999–2000,
i.e., seven sites in the Sea of Japan and two sites from the Pacific coast of Hokkaido. An additional site (30 specimens)
was sampled from eastern Korea in the spawning season of 2004 for comparison. Forty haplotypes, compiled into three haplogroups
(A–C), were detected based on the comparison of a 400-bp sequence of the anterior part of the mitochondrial control region.
In accordance with previous hypotheses from morphological and molecular analyses, genetic discontinuity between the Sea of
Japan and the Pacific coast of Hokkaido was conspicuous. Within the Sea of Japan, eight sampling sites were not genetically
uniform, and most of the variations among sites were detected between eastern Korea [the “eastern Korea” (EK) population:
distributed from the Korean Peninsula to Mishima, Yamaguchi Prefecture] and the other sites along the coast of Japan [the
“western Japan” (WJ) population: from Oki Islands to western Hokkaido] (Φ
CT
= 0.096, P = 0.0183). The WJ population, having lower genetic variability, showed significant departure from neutrality, indicating
influences through a recent population expansion. The period of the expansion can be estimated to have begun on the order
of 104 years ago. We consider that the present Japan Sea populations have been formed through the invasion of a small ancestral
stock to the Sea of Japan and its population expansion during the last glacial period or later. On the other hand, we failed
to detect distinct evidence of a population expansion in the EK population. Haplogroup C, detected in a high frequency in
this population, was estimated to have mixed with haplogroup A after rapid differentiations of the latter. Therefore, the
EK population, strongly influenced by such a mixture, might possess haplogroup C in a higher frequency and a different haplotype
composition from the WJ population. 相似文献
17.
Guillermo Velo-Antón Mario García-París Adolfo Cordero Rivera 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1263-1274
The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) is threatened and in decline in several regions of its natural range, due to habitat loss combined with population fragmentation.
In this work, we have focused our efforts on studying the genetic diversity and structure of Iberian populations with a fine-scale
sampling (254 turtles in 10 populations) and a representation from North Africa and Balearic island populations. Using both
nuclear and mitochondrial markers (seven microsatellites, ∼1048 bp nDNA and ∼1500 bp mtDNA) we have carried out phylogenetic
and demographic analyses. Our results show low values of genetic diversity at the mitochondrial level although our microsatellite
dataset revealed relatively high levels of genetic variability with a latitudinal genetic trend decreasing from southern to
northern populations. A moderate degree of genetic differentiation was estimated for Iberian populations (genetic distances,
F
ST
values and clusters in the Bayesian analysis). The results in this study combining mtDNA and nDNA, provide the most comprehensive
population genetic data for E. orbicularis in the Iberian Peninsula. Our results suggest that Iberian populations within the Iberian–Moroccan lineage should be considered
as a single subspecies with five management units, and emphasize the importance of habitat management rather than population
reinforcement (i.e. captive breeding and reintroduction) in this long-lived species. 相似文献
18.
One Y-specific DNA polymorphism (p49/Taql) was studied in a sample of 469 African males coming from twelve populations of sub-Saharan Africa. An high frequency (62.5%)
of the Y-haplotype IV was observed in these populations, the most elevated percentage of this haplotype being observed in
Mossis (from Burkina-Fasso). The “Arabic” haplotype V is present in these populations at a mean frequency of 8.7%. The “oriental”
haplotype XI is present at a mean frequency of 11.3%, the most elevated percentage of this haplotype being observed in Songhaiis
(from Niger).
Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics 相似文献
19.
Constantinos Mannouris Diane L. Byers 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,108(1):55-67
Loss and fragmentation of the native prairies in the Midwestern United States have resulted in isolated and smaller habitats and populations. The populations remaining in these prairies are expected to show a decline in the extent of genetic variation and an increase in genetic drift load (accumulation of deleterious recessive alleles due to genetic drift) in fitness‐related traits. Using complementary greenhouse experiments, we tested whether these expected changes have occurred in the native annual prairie plant Chamaecrista fasciculata. In the first experiment, open pollinated C. fasciculata seeds from 12 prairie fragments representing a range in area of habitat were grown in competition with Schizachyrium scoparium to determine if there are changes in plant vigour with changes in fragment size and corresponding changes in population size. Plants from smaller prairie fragments exhibited a slight but significant decline in biomass, suggesting an increase in genetic drift load. In the second experiment, a formal genetic crossing design of four prairie fragment populations was used to estimate quantitative genetic diversity and genetic drift load. We did not find extensive quantitative genetic variation, but we did find a strong effect of genetic drift load on five traits in this experiment. Our overall conclusion is that a decline in relative‐fitness traits in smaller prairie fragments is probably associated with fixation of deleterious alleles due to more isolated and smaller populations, i.e. genetic drift load. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ?? , ??–??. 相似文献
20.
Prescribed burning currently is used to preserve endemicity of plant communities in remnant tallgrass prairies. Although some types of arthropods benefit from changes in plant communities brought about by burning, other species that are endemic to prairies may be threatened. Because they inhabit the fuel layer of prairies, endophytic insects would seem particularly susceptible to this management tactic. In this paper, we assess the impact of prescribed burning on endophytic insect communities inhabiting stems of Silphium laciniatum L. and S. terebinthinaceum Jacquin (Asteraceae), endemic prairie plants. Populations of these insects were decimated by burning, with mortality approaching 100% in most cases. Their populations nevertheless began to rebound within a single growing season, with densities moderately but significantly reduced 1 year after the burn. Even when a prairie remnant was completely incinerated, plant stems were recolonized by insects within one growing season. Our findings suggest that sufficient numbers of endophytic insects survive burns in remains of Silphium to recolonize burned areas the following year. 相似文献