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1.
Nikitina LS Glazova MV Dorofeeva NA Chernigovskaia EV 《Zhurnal evoliutsionno? biokhimii i fiziologii》2008,44(3):311-317
To study character of effect of apoptosis signal proteins on activities of neurosecretory cells and neurons of rat hypothalamus, pharmacologic inhibitors of proapoptotic protein p53 Pifithrin-alpha and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 HA14-1 were injected into the hypothalamus. Activation of vasopressinergic neurosecretory cells at administration of the blocker Bcl-2 HA14-1 was shown: there were observed an increase of vasopressin mRNA in neurons of hypothalamus supraoptical and paraventricular nuclei, a decrease of the immunoreactive vasopressin content in posterior pituitary, and reduction of diuresis. Inactivation of p53 inhibited release of vasopressin from hypothalamus cell bodies, which is indicated by an elevated content of immunoreactive vasopressin in neurosecretory cell bodies with its unchanged synthesis, a decrease of the neurohormone content in the posterior pituitary, and an increase of diuresis rate. Activation of vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus was also shown. Administration of the blocker Bcl-2 has been revealed to decrease functional activity both of dopaminergic neurons (Zona Incerta) and of dopaminergic neurosecretory cells (arcuate nucleus), in which a decrease of the tyrosine hydroxylase content was observed. The p53 inactivation also led to a decrease of activity of dopaminergic neurosecretory cells of arcuate nucleus, whereas activity of the proteins Zone Incerta did not change. Thus, it has been shown that a change of the apoptotic protein content in vasopressinergic and dopaminergic neurons and neurosecretory cells leads to a change of their functional activity, the character and possibly mechanisms of effects of apoptotic proteins on activities of vasopressin- and dopaminergic cells being different. 相似文献
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3.
Apoptotic signaling proteins: possible participation in the regulation of vasopressin and catecholamines biosynthesis in the hypothalamus 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Chernigovskaya EV Taranukhin AG Glazova MV Yamova LA Fedorov LM 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2005,124(6):523-533
The role of apoptotic signaling proteins for long-lived neurons in the mature brain is poorly understood. Recently, we have
shown that water deprivation leads to the activation of vasopressin (VP) secretion and expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-9 apototic
proteins in the hypothalamus of the rat brain. In the present work, we continued to study a possible relationship between
the functional activity of neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus and apoptosis related proteins. We found that water deprivation
leads to simultaneous activation of synthesis of VP and p53 and Bcl-2 apoptotic proteins in the mouse brain. To study a possible
effect of apoptotic proteins on the functional state of hypothalamic neurons, the VP and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) synthesis
were analyzed in p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 and Bcl-2 deficient mice. Loss of p53 and Bcl-2 significantly reduced VP synthesis in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
and TH expression in arcuat, periventricular and zona incerta nuclei of the hypothalamus. Surprisingly, in contrast with the
loss of p53, the inactivation of p21Waf1/Cip1 up-regulates the expression of VP and TH. These data indicate that p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 and Bcl-2 proteins, besides affecting cell cycle, tumor suppression and apoptosis, may act as modulators of neurosecretory
activity of hypothalamic neurons; however, this problem remains to be determined more detailed. 相似文献
4.
Co-localization of putative vasopressin receptors and vasopressinergic neurons in rat hypothalamus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized by neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus. Dense concentrations of vasopressin binding sites have also been localized in these nuclei. Using a vasopressin anti-idiotypic antiserum, a dual immunocytochemical labeling procedure has been employed to elucidate the distribution of putative vasopressin receptors in anatomical relation to vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive cells in rat brain. Putative vasopressin receptors are observed in relation to magnocellular neurons in hypothalamus that are vasopressin immunoreactive. They do not appear to be associated with parvocellular vasopressinergic cells or oxytocin immunoreactive neurons. The presence of these presumed autoreceptors would support evidence that vasopressin may autoregulate the activity of magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons in hypothalamus. 相似文献
5.
Co-localization of putative vasopressin receptors and vasopressinergic neurons in rat hypothalamus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized by neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus. Dense concentrations of vasopressin binding sites have also been localized in these nuclei. Using a vasopressin anti-idiotypic antiserum, a dual immunocytochemical labeling procedure has been employed to elucidate the distribution of putative vasopressin receptors in anatomical relation to vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive cells in rat brain. Putative vasopressin receptors are observed in relation to magnocellular neurons in hypothalamus that are vasopressin immunoreactive. They do not appear to be associated with parvocellular vasopressinergic cells or oxytocin immunoreactive neurons. The presence of these presumed autoreceptors would support evidence that vasopressin may autoregulate the activity of magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons in hypothalamus. 相似文献
6.
Diane T. Piekut 《Cell and tissue research》1983,234(1):125-134
Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.Supported by NIH Grants HD-12956 and 2SO7RR05403 相似文献
7.
E. V. Chernigovskaya M. V. Glazova L. A. Yamova S. E. Yevteeva I. A. Krasnovskaya 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2001,37(2):192-199
In in vivo and in vitro experiments there have been shown different mechanisms of regulation of hypothalamic vasopressinergic neurons, including regulation due to changes of activity level of brain catecholaminergic and NPY-ergic neurons innervating hypothalamic vasopressinergic cells. We demonstrated in in vitro experiments that dopamine and noradrenaline had no effects on vasopressin expression, but inhibited its release from cell perikarya in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. Besides, activity of vasopressinergic neurons might probably be regulated via activation of synthesis of these neurotransmitters in vasopressinergic cells themselves in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. To activate synthesis of various neurotransmitters, in our case, catecholamines and NPY, in vasopressinergic neurons, different stimuli adequate to trigger or activate synthesis of these substances are required. Synthesis of catecholamines in vasopressinergic cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei was revealed after immobilization stress and adrenalectomy. NPY is synthesized in neurons of hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in norm, and its synthesis increases at disturbances of NPY-ergic innervation of vasopressinergic cells. 相似文献
8.
Summary The rat hypothalamus was studied at the light microscopic level with the use of single and double immunocytochemical staining methods. It was shown that the rat supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and their accessory neurosecretory nuclei, do not contain magnocellular somatostatin neurons. The distribution of the hypothalamic parvocellular somatostatin cells is described. The parvocellular component of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is, at least partly, composed of somatostatin cells: they form a fairly well circumscribed periventricular cell mass. The rat suprachiasmatic nuclei contain separate somatostatin neurons and vasopressin neurons. Scattered somatostatin cells are present in the entire arcuate nucleus. In addition to the periventricular somatostatin cells located in the preopticanterior hypothalamic area and in the arcuate nucleus, the rat hypothalamus also contains numerous scattered somatostatin cells located distant from the third ventricle.This investigation was supported by a grant from the Belgian Nationaal Fonds voor Geneeskundig Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 相似文献
9.
Afferent projections to the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were identified using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA). Neurons were labeled in important nociceptive regions including periaqueductal gray (PAG), arcuate nucleus, lateral hypothalamus and medial thalamic nuclei following both injections. We have immunocytochemically identified opiocortin/WGA neurons in the arcuate nucleus following NRM and DRN injections. Dual stained catecholamine/WGA perikarya were found in zona incerta, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, nucleus tractus solitarius and adjacent A2, C2 and C3, lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus/C1 and lateral reticular nucleus/A1 following DRN injections and in zona incerta, substantia nigra, nucleus tractus solitarius/A2 and lateral reticular nucleus/A1 after NRM injections. These results provide further evidence for opiocortin and catecholamine modulation of analgesia. 相似文献
10.
Localization of GRF-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The localization of human GRF1-44-immunoreactive neurons was studied in the rat brain. A dense accumulation of GRF-containing fibers was noted in the external layer of the median eminence. Cell bodies were observed in colchicine-treated rats. The most intensely fluorescent cluster of cells was contained in the arcuate nucleus. Other cells were seen on the base of the hypothalamus, within the median forebrain bundle, dorsal and ventral aspects of the ventromedial nucleus, zona incerta and dorsal part of the dorsomedial nucleus. These cells may influence the pulsatile release of pituitary growth hormone. 相似文献
11.
E. V. Chernigovskaya L. A. Yamova D. Atochin P. Huang M. V. Glazova 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2011,47(3):275-283
The work deals with studies on vasopressinergic neurons of hypothalamic supraoptic and paravenricular nuclei in the wild type
mice and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the gene knockouted mice at a decrease of the brain catecholamine (CA)
level caused by administration of the blocker of activity of tyrosine hydroxylase α-methyl-paratyrosine (α-MPT) and at the
CA level decrease on the background of functional activity of the vasopressinergic neurons caused by dehydration of animals.
There were analyzed changes in the number of neurons in the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei expressing proapoptotic proteins
caspase-8 and caspase-9, p53, and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Disturbance of the CAergic innervation was shown to be a strong
damaging factor leading to apoptosis of neurons regardless of the presence of nNOS in the cells. However, at disturbance of
the CAergic innervation due to the 5-day mouse dehydration, no death of neurons by apoptosis was revealed. Thus, it is possible
that functional activation prevents the hypothalamic vasopressinergic neurons from death at a decrease of the CA level in
brain. The main difference of the nNOS gene knockouts is the absence of activation of the Bcl-2 expression under all used
actions. This confirms our suggestion about interaction of CA and NO in triggering of expression of the antiapoptotic protein
Bcl-2. 相似文献
12.
Grindstaff RR Grindstaff RJ Cunningham JT 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2000,278(6):R1605-R1615
A small balloon placed at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium was used to stimulate cardiac volume receptors in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized male rats. Extracellular recordings were obtained from antidromically identified vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus. Cells were considered sensitive to the stimulus if balloon inflation resulted in a 30% change in firing frequency. Balloon inflation that did not stretch the caval-atrial junction had no significant effect on vasopressin neurons (n = 51, P > 0.05). Stretch of the caval-atrial junction decreased the firing activity in 64 of 83 putative vasopressin neurons (P < 0.01 compared with control). Stretch of the caval-atrial junction influenced the firing activity of only 3 of 26 antidromically activated oxytocinergic neurons, an effect not statistically different from control (P > 0. 05). When bilateral vagotomy was performed while recording from vasopressin neurons (n = 5), sensitivity to stretch of the caval-atrial junction was eliminated. Cardiac receptors located at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium may be important in regulating the activity of vasopressinergic but not oxytocinergic neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. 相似文献
13.
Chernigovskaia EV Iamova LA Atochin D Huang P Glazova MV 《Zhurnal evoliutsionno? biokhimii i fiziologii》2011,47(3):232-238
The work studied vasopressinergic neurons of hypothalamic supraoptic and paravenricular nuclei of the wild type mice and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene knockouted mice at a decrease of the brain catecholamine (CA) level caused by administration of the blocker of activity of tyrosine hydroxylase alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (alpha-MPT) and at the CA level decrease on the background of functional activity of the vasopressinergic neurons caused by dehydration of animals. There were analyzed changes in the number of neurons in both magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei expressing proapoptotic proteins caspase-8 and caspase-9, p53, and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The disturbance of the CA-ergic innervation was shown to be a strong damaging factor leading to apoptosis of neurons regardless of the presence of nNOS in the cells. However, at disturbance of the CA-ergic innervation due to the 5-day mouse dehydration, no death of neurons by apoptosis was revealed. Thus, it is possible that functional activation prevents the hypothalamic vasopressinergic neurons from death at a decrease of the CA level in brain. The main difference of the nNOS gene knockouts is the absence of activation of the Bcl-2 expression under all used actions. This confirms our suggestion about interaction of CA and NO in triggering of expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. 相似文献
14.
兔脑内Orexin B免疫阳性神经元的分布定位 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用免疫组织化学方法研究了10只青紫蓝兔脑内Orexin B免疫阳性神经元的分布定位。结果显示,Orexin B免疫阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的室旁核、背内侧核、穹隆周核、外侧区和后区以及底丘脑的未定带。以下丘脑背内侧核、穹隆周核和外侧区的阳性神经元数量较多,下丘脑室旁核、后区和未定带较少。表明了兔脑内Orexin B免疫阳性神经元的分布与Orexin A免疫阳性神经元的分布存在一些差异,提示两种Orexin的产生部位和生理功能可能也存在差异。 相似文献
15.
E A Zimmerman 《Federation proceedings》1977,36(7):1964-1967
Immunocytochemical techniques are now being used to localize hypothalamic neurosecretory hormones and related peptides in the mammalian brain. The data are probably incomplete, due primarily to false negative results. A number of previous assumptions concerning these pathways have been confirmed while other unexpected results were obtained. As expected, vasopressin and oxytocin and their associated proteins, neurophysins, were found in the magnocellular cell bodies of the hypothalamus and in their axonal projections to the neural lobe of the pituitary. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH), somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were located in what appears to be parvicellular nerve terminals on portal capillaries. Gn-RH has been found in perikarya in the arcuate nucleus, which is considered a source of fibers to the portal capillary bed. An extensive network of cell bodies and fibers in the preoptic area was also found to contain Gn-RH, and others in the periventricular nucleus in the anterior hypothalamus reacted with antiserum to somatostatin. Unexpected was considerable evidence that vasopressin is secreted directly into hypophyseal portal blood. This hormone and its neurophysin were also found in parvicellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rodents. All the hormones were found in fibers in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the posterior pituitary gland. 相似文献
16.
SHENEH XIASUN 《Cell research》1995,5(2):209-220
Hemorrhage or hypotension induces extensive Fos-like immunoreactivity in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rat,especially in the vasopressin neurons.The present study was to explore the neurotransmitter mediating this effect,Microinfusion of the alpha-adrenergic blocker into the supraoptic nucleus reduced the hypotension-induced FOs.whereas beta-antagonist did not affect it significantly.Alaha1-and alpha2-antagonist,prazosin and yohimbine,both reduced the Fos-Positive cell counts.However,the effective dosage of yohimbine was much larger,Alpha1-agonist,methoxamine,induced abundant Fos-like immunoreactivity in the vasopressin cells in this nucleus,while beta-and alpha2-agonist did not elicit such effect.Administration of the noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor desipramine,to this nucleus to locally accumulate the spontaneously released noradrenaline from the nerve terminals also induced Fos expression,mostly in the vasopressin cells. 相似文献
17.
The vertebrate hypothalamus and surrounding region contain a large population of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme for synthesis of dopamine and other catecholamines. Some of these populations are sexually dimorphic in rats. We here examined sex differences in TH‐immunoreactive populations in the forebrain of gonadally intact and gonadectomized prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a species that sometimes shows unusual sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. A sex difference was found in the anteroventral periventricular preoptic area (AVPV; likely analogous to the rat rostral A14) only in gonadectomized subjects, which was due to a 50% reduction in the number of TH‐immunoreactive cells after castration in males. There was no significant sex difference or effects of gonadectomy on the number of TH‐immunoreactive cells in the anteroventral preoptic area (AVP), periventricular anterior hypothalamus (caudal A14), arcuate nucleus (A12), zona incerta (A13), or posterodorsal hypothalamus (A11). In a second experiment, testosterone propionate (TP; 500 μg), diethylstilbestrol (DES; 1 μg), or estradiol benzoate (EB; 30 μg) injected daily during the first week after birth each significantly reduced later TH expression in the AVPV of females by approximately 40–65% compared to oil‐treated controls. Unlike rats, therefore, a sex difference in TH expression in the prairie vole AVPV is found only after removal of circulating gonadal hormones in males. Furthermore, unlike our previous findings on the generation of sex differences in extra‐hypothalamic arginine‐vasopressin expression in prairie voles, TH expression in the AVPV of female prairie voles can be highly masculinized by neonatal exposure to either aromatizable androgens or estrogens. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006 相似文献
18.
Oganesian GA Romanova IV Aristakesian EA Kuzik VV Makina DM Morina IIu Khramenkova AE Artamokhina IV Belova VA 《Rossi?skii fiziologicheski? zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2008,94(9):1071-1091
The aim of our study was to investigate the role of dopaminergic system in telencephalic and diencephalic brain regions of vertebrates in sleep-wakefulness cycle. The level of thyrosine-hydroxylase--the main enzyme in dopamine synthesis--was measured in striatum, zona inserta supraoptic and arcuate nuclea of hypothalamus in fish (Acipenceridae) and in mammals (rats) in ontogenesis (14-, 30-day old rats and adult animals) under tactile and sleep deprivation stresses. The thyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells were revealed in all brain regions of fishes after a short-term stress. In the group after longtime stress, the thyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells and fibers were almost absent in anterior brain but were found in hypothalamic nuclea. At 14-day old rats, 2-hour sleep deprivation caused increasing of thyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactivity both in fibers of caudate nucleus as well as in cells of the zona inserta. A 6-hour deprivation caused increasing of thyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive material level in cells of zona inserta and decreasing it in fibers of 30-day old rats. In adult rats, the level of thyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive material decreased in nucleus arcuatus and zona inserta after sleep deprivation and increased after sleep. Data obtained are discussed in terms ofphylo- and ontogenetic development of neurosecretory and neurotransmitter functions of dopaminergic system in evolutionary old diencephalic and evolutionary young telencephalic brain regions of vertebrates, which are the important systems of starting and maintenance of some functional conditions of the organism in sleep-wakefulness cycle. 相似文献
19.
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactive synaptic input to neurons containing neurophysin II (NP II), the carrier protein of vasopressin (VP), was observed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus by double-labeling immunocytochemistry combining the preembedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method with the postembedding immunogold staining method at the electron-microscopic level. NPY-like immunoreactivities were detected by the PAP method in the dense granular vesicles (70-100 nm in diameter) in the immunoreactive presynaptic axon terminals. NP II-like immunoreactive large neurosecretory granules labeled with gold particles were found in the neurons receiving synaptic input of the NPY-like immunoreactive terminals. This suggests that NPY may be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and that NPY neurons may, through synaptic contacts, regulate the secretion of VP neurons. 相似文献
20.
V. N. Molodtsov E. V. Senchenkov E. D. Bazhanova 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2006,42(3):354-360
Despite a great many works dealing with apoptosis, the occurrence of this process at later stages of ontogenesis still is far from clear. The goal of the present study was to elucidate role of insulin and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in initiation of apoptosis and preservation of functional status of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of mice in aging. Neurosecretory cells of aged mice were shown to be eliminated intensively via apoptosis; however, functional activity (synthesis of vasopressin) of remaining cells is comparable with that in young animals. Hypothalamic neurosecretory cells were revealed to synthesize insulin, but its content in neurons of old animals decreases in correlation with initiation of apoptosis. It was shown that protein Bcl-2 in neurons of aged mice did not prevent initiation of apoptosis. It was also established that α-interferon had no apoptosis-protective effect to hypothalamic neurons in aging and suppressed synthesis of vasopressin, insulin, and Bcl-2 in cells of young and old mice. 相似文献