豆野螟成虫日龄对交尾的影响及雄蛾对性信息素的触角电位反应

豆野螟Marucavitrata(Fabricius)是一种严重的泛热带豆类蔬菜害虫。在不同温度,光周期14L∶10D,相对湿度75%～80%条件下,研究豆野螟成虫日龄对交尾的影响及雄蛾对性信息素的EAG反应。不同日龄雌蛾与3日龄雄蛾的交尾,交尾率随蛾龄增加呈下降趋势;不同日龄雄蛾与3日龄雌蛾交尾,交尾率随蛾龄增加呈升高趋势;相同日龄成蛾,交尾率先升后降。不同日龄雌蛾交尾百分率的下降在较高温环境比在较低温环境更加显著;但环境温度对不同日龄雄蛾的交尾却没有太大的影响;相同日龄成蛾3日龄以后的交尾在较高温环境下下降的更快。不同日龄雌蛾的交尾研究中,随着雌蛾日龄的增加,交尾持续时间明显延长;不同日龄雄蛾的交尾研究中,较低日龄和较高日龄雄蛾交尾时的持续时间较长。在较低温环境下所有试验各日龄的持续时间均有所延长。不同日龄雌蛾(雄蛾)与3日龄雄蛾(雌蛾)的交尾和相对应的雄蛾对雌蛾性信息素的EAG反应基本一致,说明雄蛾的反应在交尾行为的完成中具有重要的作用。     

The action of L-DOPA on the structure of spontaneous motor activity in rat pups

In experiments on 2-3-, 7-8-, 10- and 16-day old rat pups, basic age differences have been observed in the effect of a precursor of catecholamine mediator, i.e. L-DOPA on the activity on the spinal and brain mechanisms of autogenic periodic motor excitation. Strong stimulation of the spinal motor rhythm was observed during the first week. At this period, supraspinal rhythm becomes even less evident. On further development, the effect is an opposite one. In 10- and 16-day rat pups, at the background of total inhibition of the spontaneous activity, administration of L-DOPA significantly increases the activity of supraspinal generator of the motor rhythm. The data obtained reveal ontogenetic changes in regulatory mechanisms of autogenic motor activity.     

RNA synthesis in different regions of rat brain at various time intervals after cerebellectomy

RNA synthesis was studied in cerebral cortex, thalamus and brain stem of rat, on the 3rd, 8th, 30th and 75th day after cerebellectomy. An increased RNA synthesis was detected in thalamus at the 30th day and in cerebral cortex and brain stem at the 75th day after cerebellectomy. Our findings suggest that motor compensation following the cerebellectomy could be supported by a spatio-temporal organization of macromolecular synthesis in different brain regions.     

Organization of impulse flows and selective neuronal death in the hyperstriatum of chick embryos and chicks

Studies have been made on changes in the number of neurones per volume unit of the tissue of hyperstriatum tissue in chick embryos from the 18th day of incubation to the 3rd day after hatching. Significant interhemispheric asymmetry in migration rate and cell death was revealed in the dorsal hyperstriatum from the 19th day of embryogenesis, which may be due to asymmetry in the intensity of visual afferentation which depends on the stationary position of the embryo in the egg. In the activity of neuronal populations within the dorsal hyperstriatum at a stage which immediately precedes mass death of cells (up to 40%), a structure of impulse volley was found which is characterised by the onset of impulse discharges following each other in a form of short series. Sometimes it is possible to reveal correlation between the duration of dominating interdischarge intervals and the extremes in the recovery of excitability of neuronal pools, which indirectly indicates putative reverberative origin of impulse cyclic phenomenon.     

The temporal organization of human fetal motor function]

Fetal motor bursts were recorded in pregnant women at 11-18, 20-24 and 30-32 weeks of pregnancy. It was stated that spontaneous motor activity in human fetus is similar to autogenic periodic motor excitation observed in other species of vertebrates, i.e. presence of the main rest-activity circles with a period near 1 minute, the existence of rhythmic components with 6-8-second intervals during active phases and decreasing of quantity of excitation bursts with age.     

Effect of hindbrain structures on autogenous periodic motor activity in the rat pup

Experiments were performed in order to investigate whether the capacity of periodic motor excitation in rats during early postnatal life is the intrinsic feature of immature spinal cord or it is caused by supraspinal input. It was shown that after low spinal cord transection, birsts of periodic activity can still be obtained in m. gastrocnemius but their duration and amplitude are significantly reduced. After brain stem transection at intercollicular level, this type of activity remains unchanged or slightly increased. It was concluded that periodic motor excitation is due to the spinal mechanisms but bulbo-spinal facilitative influences are necessary for normal intensity of autogenic activity.     

Transaminases in rat retina during development

Aspartate, alanine and tyrosine aminotransferase activities have been determined in rat retina during postnatal development. Aspartate transaminase activity is rather low at birth; however, it increases as a function of age, reaching its maximum value at the 23rd day. Alanine transaminase activity increases more rapidly than aspartate transaminase, reaching its maximal value 15 days after birth, but, unlike the latter, this activity considerably decreases during further development. Neonatal tyrosine aminotransferase activity increases by 3 fold between the 5th and 15th day of life.The behaviour of the three enzymes investigated has been related to functional and morphological differentiation of retinal cellular layers.     

The role of the dopamine and noradrenaline systems in regulating autogenic motor activity in rat pups

In experiments on 3-day rat puppies, studies have been made of the effect of a stimulator of noradrenaline receptors--clonidine, and a stimulator of dopamine receptors--apomorphine on autogenic motor activity. It was shown that clonidine injections result in a significant increase of this activity, whereas apomorphine slightly decreases the latter. The data obtained in the present work together with those described earlier for l-DOPA effects, suggest that double regulation of autogenic activity is realized at early stages of ontogenesis. This regulation includes excitatory noradrenergic mechanisms and inhibitory influences which are mediated presumably by dopaminergic systems of the brain.     

A study of trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) and trehalose in relation to aging in Callosobruchus analis

Trehalase (EC. 3.2.1.28) activity has been studied during aging in male and female Callosobruchus analis beetles. Enzyme activity was much higher in females than males throughout adult life. Trehalase showed two peaks of activity in females, a small peak on the 3rd day and another on the 10th day after adult ecdysis, while males showed one peak only on the 10th day after emergence. Besides trehalase activity, trehalose as a percentage of total sugars, and mortality curves have been studied. It was found that the energy needs of the insects also increase as they age.     

Neuromuscular neutral zones response to cyclic lumbar flexion

The in vivo lumbar spine of the anaesthetized feline was subjected to passive cyclic anterior flexion-extension at 0.25 Hz and 40 N peak load for cumulative 60 min duration. Displacement (or displacement neuromuscular neutral zones-DNNZ) and tension (or tension neuromuscular neutral zones-TNNZ) at which reflexive EMG activity from the multifidi muscles was initiated and terminated were recorded, for single-test cycles, before and for 7h after cyclic loading. Displacement and tension NNZs increased significantly after loading. The displacement NNZs decreased exponentially to near baseline by the 7th hour of rest. The tension NNZs, however, decreased to below the baseline by the 2nd to 3rd hour after loading and continued decreasing into the 7th hour. Peak EMG significantly decreased (49-57%) to below the baseline immediately after loading and then exponentially increased, exceeding the baseline by the 2nd to 3rd hour and reaching 33-59% above baseline by the 7th hour. EMG median frequency decreased after loading and then exceeded the baseline after the 3rd hour, indicating initial de-recruitment, followed by recruitment of new motor units. These findings suggest that the lumbar spine was exposed to instability for 2-3h after cyclic loading, due to concurrent laxity of the viscoelastic tissues and deficient muscular activity. A delayed neuromuscular compensation mechanism was found to exist, triggering the musculature significantly earlier and at higher magnitude than baseline, while the viscoelastic tissues were still lax. Thus, it is suggested that prolonged cyclic loading may compromise lumbar stability during the immediate 2-3h post-loading, increasing the risk of injury.     

胃癌合并糖尿病患者术后强化血糖控制的疗效分析

目的：探讨胃癌合并糖尿病患者术后强化血糖控制的临床疗效及其对预后的影响。方法：根据不同血糖控制方法,将96例胃癌合并糖尿病术后患者分为强化血糖控制组50例（血糖控制在4.4-6.1mol/L）和对照组46例（血糖控制在6.1~11.1mol/L）。监测患者术后1、3、7天的空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素定量（FINS）、及C反应蛋白（CRP）水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,比较分析两组术后恢复情况及并发症发生情况。结果：术后1、3、7天,强化血糖控制组FBG、lnHOMA-IR及CRP水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后1天两组间FINS水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而术后3、7天,二者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;强化血糖控制组术后发热时间、排气时间、抗生素使用时间与对照组相比明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〉0.05）;强化血糖控制组术后并发症的发生率2.0%,显著低于对照组13.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：强化血糖控制可改善胃癌合并糖尿病患者术后胰岛素抵抗,减轻术后的炎性反应,降低术后并发症,改善患者预后。     

The formation of activity-rest cycles in early ontogeny

The cyclic variations of the motor activity consist of many rhythmic components which appear nonsimultaneously in the ontogenesis. The earliest component is the autogenic periodic motility with the duration about one minute which can be observed in rats during first two-three weeks after the birth. From the second week a new type of cyclic activity appears. It can be qualified as a sleep-wakefulness cycle with the duration about several minutes. It is suggested that this cycle is a true novel rhythm which is able to modulate the earliest more frequent periodicity.     

高龄患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术围手术期对机体应激及内脏蛋白的影响

目的:研究高龄病人(75岁以上)腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期白介素6(IL-6)、IL-10和C反应蛋白(CRP)及内脏蛋白的差异.方法:将41例行结直肠癌根治术的高龄患者按患者意愿分为腹腔镜组(n=20)和开腹组(n=21),两组患者的一般资料如年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)等有可比性,检测两组患者术前、术后的应激指标:血清IL-6、IL-10和CRP及营养蛋白:前白蛋白(prealbumin,PRE)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TRF)、视黄醇结合蛋(retinal-binding protein,RbP)的变化.结果:两组患者CRP在术后1、2、3d均较术前明显升高(P<0.01),术后2d达到峰值,腹腔镜组术后CRP明显低于开腹组(P<0.01);两组患者血清IL-6、IL-10术后也明显升高,腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组(P<0.01),但IL-10升高持续时间短.PRE、TRF、RbP术后两组均较术前有明显下降(P<0.01),术后1 d、2 d两组各指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后3 d腹腔镜组4种蛋白指标均明显高于开腹组(P<0.01).结论:对高龄病人两种不同手术方式应激水平及内脏蛋白指标的研究提示,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术较开腹手术创伤小,应激水平低,有利于机体内脏蛋白的恢复,这对微创外科的实施是一个有力支持.     

低温条件下拔节期小麦叶片内源激素含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化

以扬麦16和徐麦30为试验材料,利用人工气候室模拟低温逆境,研究拔节期-3 ℃和-5 ℃低温胁迫对小麦植株受冻率、叶片内源激素含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明： 随着处理温度的降低、胁迫时间的延长,小麦植株冻害等级与冻害指数增加,-5 ℃处理72 h两品种五级冻害率均为100%.低温处理结束当天,小麦叶片中内源激素脱落酸（ABA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）含量、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随胁迫程度加重呈先升高后降低的趋势;处理结束后3 d,ABA、ZR含量及抗氧化酶活性较处理结束当天升高;至处理结束后6 d,与自然生长的对照处理接近.低温胁迫叶片中赤霉素（GA₃）含量下降,处理结束后3和6 d,扬麦16叶片中GA₃含量呈上升趋势,徐麦30则表现为先升高后下降.-5 ℃ 72 h重度胁迫处理叶片中ABA、ZR、GA₃含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性均较对照显著下降.相关分析表明,较高的ABA、ZR含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性以及较低的GA₃含量可减缓低温胁迫对小麦植株的伤害.     

Peptidergic mechanisms of hypothermia-induced seizures in rats during early ontogenesis

Arginine-vasopressin reduced the tonic-clonic seizures' latency as well as the duration of the seizures brain-stem generalisation on the 3rd and 5th postpartum days in rats. The reduced latency was also observed after the PACAP38 low doses administration, whereas higher doses diminished and then enhanced the threshold of generalised hyperthermia-induced seizures on the 3rd and 5th days and the 7th and 9th days, resp. The arginine-vasopressin-treated animals had a dramatically enhanced duration of the tonic-clonic seizures up to the epileptic status on the 9th postpartum day. The findings suggest the PACAP involvement in mechanisms of experimental febrile seizures through its effect upon arginine-vasopressin neurosecretion.     

Neurophysiological analysis of postnatal development of corticostriate connections in rabbits

Evoked potentials were recorded in the caudate nucleus of adult rabbits and young rabbits aged 2–30 days in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex. The response of the caudate nucleus in the adult rabbit consisted of a positive-negative complex with latent period of 3–5 msec. Maximal amplitude of the response was observed in the dorsorostral region of the nucleus. As the recording electrode was inserted deeper, the amplitude of the response gradually decreased but without reversal of its polarity. Responses of the caudate nucleus to stimulation of the motor cortex were recorded as early as on the 3rd day after birth. These responses were indistinguishable in configuration from responses of the nucleus of adult rabbits. Their latent period was about 10 msec. Between the 16th and 20th day after birth the latent period of the response decreased considerably — from 9 to 5 msec, and by the 30th day of life it had reached its definitive value. With age the amplitude of the response increased but the threshold of stimulation decreased, The results indicate early functional maturation of connections of the motor cortex with the caudate nucleus and they agree with the results of morphological investigations of the structural development of the afferent systems of this nucleus.Brain Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 284–289, May–June, 1982.     

Role of catecholaminergic mechanisms in regulating the autogenic periodic motor activity of rat pups

In 1-, 2- to 3-, 7- to 8-, and 10-day old intact and spinal rat puppies, studies have been made of the effect of l-DOPA (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on autogenic periodic motor activity in the gastrocnemius muscle. In 1- to 3-day old pups, strong stimulating effect was observed up to a prolonged continuous activity for 5-10 or even more minutes. This effect decreases with age. Traces of the inhibitory effect are observed at early stages in the form of total decrease of the activity. The inhibitory effect increases with age. In all spinal animals, at the background of a decreased activity, stimulating effect of l-DOPA was predominantly observed. Age peculiarities of the effect of l-DOPA are discussed in relation to ontogenetic development of catecholaminergic innervation in rats. It is suggested that stimulating effect of l-DOPA is associated with its action on the descending noradrenergic system, whereas the inhibitory one is mediated by the brain structures.     

Pregnancy in WAG/Rij rats--changes in the levels of progesterone,estradiol and generalized absence epilepsy

Progesterone and oestradiol serum level was investigated in WAG/Rij rats with genetically determined absences. Blood samples were drawn before and after the pregnancy following the parturition. The serum concentration of progesterone increased after the 3rd day of pregnancy. There is no increasing of oestradiol during pregnancy as large as this. The progesterone is kept high to the 18th day of pregnancy and drastically decreased before the parturition. Common duration of absences--spontaneous spikewave discharges (SWD), frequency and the duration of every SWD decreased from 3rd to 19th days of pregnancy before the parturition. On the basis of these data and modern investigations, regulation of GABAA receptor expression during pregnancy by progesterone (Brusaartd A. B. et al., 1999) it can be assumed that the changes in the parameters of SWD are possibly correlated with the progesterone changes in serum during pregnancy in WAG/Rij rats.     

Periodic phenomenon in the ECoG of newborn rat pups and its correlation with spontaneous motor activity

In conscious 2-6-day rat puppies, studies have been made on the bioelectrical activity in the visual and sensorimotor cortex. ECG in newborn rat puppies exhibits characteristic intermittence of complexes of the electrical activity with intervals of partial or almost complete absence of the activity in a minute scale. This phenomenon reflects the ancient property of immature nervous system, i.e. a capacity to autogenic periodic excitation. The structure of these complexes may be different, since it reflects the condition of animals at the given moment, the degree of maturation of elements involved in realization of the bioelectrical activity and interrelationship with other parts of the brain. With respect to amplitude-frequency parameters, age dynamics and the relationship to the spontaneous motor activity, four distinct types of complexes were revealed in the ECG of rat puppies during the first week of their postnatal life.     

The activity of nonspecific esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Locusta migratoria</Emphasis> larvae infected with the fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium anisopliae</Emphasis> (Ascomycota,Hypocreales)

The activity of nonspecific esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in whole body homogenates, hemolymph plasma, and fat body of the larvae of the locust Locusta migratoria was analyzed during development of infection with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The lethal dose of the fungus (LC₈₀) was found to enhance the activity of detoxifying enzymes in the whole body homogenate of the larvae on the 3rd day after infection. The activity of nonspecific esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in the plasma and fat body of the infected larvae increased on the 3rd day but dropped to the control levels by the 6th day, during the acute period of infection. The detoxifying enzymes may participate in defense reactions at the early stage of the acute fungal infection.