论微生态学的逻辑起点

目的 探讨微生态学的逻辑起点及其有关问题.方法 理论研究.结果 提出了微生态体的概念,探讨了微生态体作为微生态学的逻辑起点的问题.基于微生态体概念,对微生态学的概念、研究对象、研究目的等有关问题进行了探讨.结论 阐释了微生态学的逻辑起点是微生态体的学术观点,为微生态学理论体系的发展提供逻辑基础.     

染色体微切割、微分离与微克隆技术研究进展

本文详细介绍了染色体微切割、微分离与微克隆技术在动物、人类及植物中的创立与发展,评述了不同染色体微切割、微分离与微克隆方法的优缺点,总结了这项技术在遗传学研究中的应用,提出了利用这项技术在植物分子遗传学研究中的新方向。     

女性生殖道微生态屏障

随着感染微生态学的发展,尤其是宿主-微生物相互作用的研究深入,越来越多的研究发现,新的微生态屏障在维持宿主健康方面发挥着重要作用。微生态屏障包括微生物屏障,机械屏障,免疫屏障和化学屏障四个部分。其中机械屏障是微生态屏障的基础,微生物屏障是微生态屏障的关键,免疫屏障是微生态屏障的核心,化学屏障是微生态屏障的有机组成部分。微生态屏障可维持宿主生境的微生态平衡,防止病原微生物的入侵和感染的发生。     

微生态学的中国进程和学科结构探析——兼论中医药微生态学CSCD

微生态学在中国的发展始于20世纪50年代初大连医学院的人体菌群研究,经历了学科孕育期、学科初创期和学科扩张期3个发展阶段。从1988年中国第一部微生态学标志性专著问世以来,微生态学在30多年的演进历程中分化衍生出一系列分支学科,成为包含概观微生态学科、系统微生态学科、专类微生态学科、人体微生态学科、医疗微生态学科的学科门类。中医药微生态学作为微生态学在中国的“地标”性分支学科,在理论、实验和学科探索中都获得了可喜成果,今后需要积极拓展研究的广度和深度,加强学科元研究。     

编码悬浮微块片上多组分并行免疫检测的方法

采用热压印光刻技术制备了一种多金属构成、带数字标识图形的悬浮微块,其中的镍层与金层可分别实现微块的磁控靶向与生物探针的联接。借助微块表面的数字微通孔标识符号,实现了微块的生物探针编码;用异硫氰酸荧光素荧光标记编码的悬浮微块,通过悬浮微块的多组分并行免疫荧光检测,实现了微块的生物探针解码及生物分子的定量检测。这种编码的地址数取决于微块表面的微通孔数,理论上可以成千上万。因此,表面经过生物探针修饰的悬浮微块是建立生物分子编码库的理想途径,可作为基于高通量悬浮阵列技术的免疫分析平台。     

微生态系统和微生态制剂的研究进展

阐述了微生态系统和微生态制剂的定义;概述了口腔、咽部、及胃肠道微生态系统的研究现状和发展方向;概述了胃肠道内微生物群的种类、相互作用机制,以及针对胃肠道微生态系统应运而生的微生态制剂的作用原理和种类。并对未来微生态系统的发展和应用领域做出了展望。     

海洋微塑料污染的生态效应研究进展

海洋微塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题。微塑料粒径小,易与海洋生物发生相互作用,可通过多种途径进入海洋生物体内,并在其组织和器官中蓄积和转移,对机体产生毒害。微塑料可沿食物链进行传递,威胁海洋生态系统的健康与稳定。因此,海洋生物与微塑料的相互作用以及海洋微塑料污染的生态效应成为当前研究的热点。综述微塑料的生物附着、生物摄入、对海洋生物的毒性效应及其与化学污染物的复合毒性效应研究的基础上,提出未来微塑料生态效应研究应重点关注我国海洋环境中微塑料的污染现状及生物摄入状况、微塑料的生物效应及其毒理学机制研究、微塑料与其他污染物的复合效应、以及微塑料在海洋生态系统中的作用及其生物地球化学行为等。     

首届中国深圳临床微生态学国际高峰论坛纪要

由中华预防医学会微生态学分会儿科学组、广东省微生态学分会和深圳市微生态学专业委员会联合举办的“首届中国深圳临床微生态学国际高峰论坛”于2010年10月8日-10日在深圳召开,共有150余名来自国内外I临床微生态学领域的专家学者荟萃一堂,深入交流、研讨了临床微生态学进展和热点专题,     

包封不对称膜高分子囊泡对PLGA微球中蛋白释放行为的改善作用

目的:研究含蛋白的不对称膜高分子囊泡包封进PLGA微球后对其体外释放动力学的改善作用.方法:将包封有BSA蛋白的不对称膜高分子囊泡采用S/O/W法包裹进PLGA微球中,制备复合微球,对微球表征后,以包封葡聚糖颗粒的微球做对照品,于37℃测定微球的体外释放,比较两者的释放曲线,考察不对称膜高分子囊泡时微球中蛋白释放的改善作用.结果:①经扫描电镜(SEM)观察,包裹高分子囊泡的复合微球形态圆整,表面光滑,平均粒径为75.20μm,粒径较为均匀,复合微球制备成功.②比较复合微球和对照微球的释放曲线,发现对照微球有较小的突释,而复合微球的几乎没有突释效应.结论:不对称膜高分子囊泡包封进PLGA微球后可以很好的改善蛋白的释放行为,获得更为理想的释放曲线.     

初生根长度对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率影响的研究

研究了不同长度蚕豆初生根微核率的差异,结果表明,初生根越短微核率越低,初生根越长微核率越高,提示蚕豆根尖细胞微核是可积累的,细胞分裂次数越多微核率越高,从而对蚕豆根尖微核测试的可靠性提供理论参考。     

广西金钟山鸟类保护区鸟类多样性初步研究

本文共记录到金钟山鸟类274种,分别隶属于18目57科,其中陆生鸟类251种,水鸟23种;以留鸟为主,共157种;候鸟、旅鸟分别为104种、13种;东洋种为优势类群,共有171种,古北种和广布种分别为4种、27种。这些鸟类中有国家重点保护鸟类39种,中国特有种鸟类3种,列入世界自然保护联盟红皮书名录中的鸟类5种,列入中国濒危动物红皮书名录中的鸟类20种,列入CITES附录中的鸟类34种。本文还对金钟山鸟类保护区的5种不同生境类型的鸟类种类组成作了比较,结果表明灌丛＋农田的鸟种多样性指数最高,为3．04;水域的鸟种多样性指数最低,为2．14。     

新疆蝗总科区系研究

新疆现有蝗虫１５７种,它们分别隶属于８科６２属。在１５７种蝗虫中,古北种占绝对优势,有１２０种,其次为特有种,有３５种,广布种甚少,仅２种。在古北种中,中亚种最多,其次为泛古北种,而欧洲西伯利亚种、地中海种和东北种均很少。在８个科中,泛古北种在网翅蝗科中占优势,中亚种在班翅蝗科中占优势,斑腿蝗科在蝗总科中是相当大的一个科,在我国也占有很大优势,但在新疆其属种数量却很少。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

Endemism in the Flora of China—Studies on the Endemic Genera

China, under highly varied ecological conditions resulted from wide latitudinal and altitudinal ranges and from the adequate precipitation, has developed a very rich flora of great diversity. As far as flowering plants are concerned, there are 2980 genera, 214 of which, belonging to 64 families, are endemic. Among these endemic genera, there are 9 genera of taxads and conifers, 19 genera of monocots and others of dicots. Of the approximately 129 herbaceous endemic genera in the Chinese flora as a whole, about 22 (17%) are annual and 107 (83%) are biennial or perennial. In the present paper the ecological distribution, the nature of endemic genera and the centers of endemism are discussed. 1. Three types of endemic genera are distinguished, neoendemics, palaeoendemics and active epibiotics, The endemic genera in the flora of China are, for the most part, considered to be very old ones, and most of them are of temperate nature. 2. the degree of endemism in our 22 floristic regions is shown in Figure 1. The areas richest in endemic genera in the Chinese flora as a whole are the 13, 16 and 17 regions. The poorest are the 2, 4, 9 and 10 regions, and no one in the 1 and 3 regions These results on floristic richness are of general applicability. As shown in table 1, the difference in the degree of endemism among the seven Chinese floristic subkingdoms are most pronounced. 101 endemic genera are known to occur in one subkingdom, 72 to occur in two subkingdoms, and 3 to occur in four subkingdoms, only one genus widely distributed in five subkingdoms. However, there is no genus occurring in seven subkingdoms. The difference in the degree of endemism in each subkingdom reveals that the distribution of endemic genera is not well-distributed in the Chinese flora as a whole. Analysis of the vertical distribution of the 200 endemic genera of the Chinese flora bears out that there is no evident increase in endemism as a whole with altitude. 3. Three centers of endemism are found (Fig. 2). These are as follows: a). Eastern Sichuan-western Hubei center. b). Southeastern Yunnan-western Guangxi center. c). Western Sichuan-northwestern Yunnan center. The degree of endemism andcharacters of endemic genera in each center are discussed.     

江西木兰科植物的初步整理

通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴定, 确认江西产木兰科植物7 属22 种1 亚种, 其中3 种为江西特有种, 5 种为江西地理新分布。对各分类群进行了分类检索, 记载了其地理分布, 并列出凭证标本。     

土壤微量营养元素对武夷肉桂茶品质的影响

对丹岩区和名岩区各5个取样点的武夷肉桂茶树鲜叶生化成分进行分析。结果表明,名岩区肉桂茶树鲜叶中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱含量总体均高于丹岩区,名岩区的茶树鲜叶具有比丹岩区更优的物质基础。名岩区产的肉桂成品茶的主要生化成分茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱含量亦略高于丹岩区,其他成分差异不显著。测定武夷肉桂茶树鲜叶和成品茶微量营养元素表明,二者在全铜含量上呈显著性相关,且丹岩区肉桂茶树鲜叶的Cu含量显著高于名岩区。对土壤微量营养元素分析表明,丹岩区的Cu、Zn含量显著高于名岩区,而Fe、Mn含量差异不显著。     

离体草鱼肠道对亮氨酸和酪氨酸的吸收与利用

采用同位素示踪和肠道离体灌流方法,研究了草鱼离体肠道对亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)的吸收转运与利用。实验结果表明:当Leu浓度从1.0mmol/L增加到5.0mmol/L、10mmol/L时,肠道吸收转运的速度表现出“高浓度抑制”效应,运输到肠道外的比例为83%、66%和35%;合成肠道蛋白质的比例为2%、5%和13%;肠道组织内游离形式的比例为9%、28%和49%;其他形式的比例为6%、1%和3%。Tyr浓度从0.5mmol/L增加到1.5mmol/L、2.5mmol/L时,肠道对Tyr的吸收转运速度也随之增加,运输到肠道外的比例为52%、55%和55%;合成肠道蛋白质的比例为17%、15%和16%:肠道组织内游离形式的比例为7%、10%和16%;其他形式的比例为24%、20%和13%。肠道在吸收转运Leu和Tyr的同时,也利用它们合成蛋白质的和其他方面,Leu的吸收利用受灌流试验氨基酸浓度影响较大、而Tyr受影响较小;随着肠道内灌流的试验氨基酸浓度增加,吸收转运到肠道外的比例下降、留存于肠道内的比例增加,肠道合成的蛋白质绝对量也增加。       

粤东地区的国家保护植物

经调查粤东地区有中国珍稀濒危保护植物 2 7种 (含栽培种 ) ,分属于 2 4科 2 6属 ,占广东境内分布的中国珍稀濒危保护植物的 4 5 .8% ,占全国分布的 6 .9%。其中蕨类植物 1种 ,裸子植物 6种 ,被子植物 2 0种 ;确定为濒危植物的有 5种 ,稀有的 4种 ,渐危的 18种 ;被列为一级重点保护的 1种 ,二级重点保护的 7种 ,三级重点保护的 19种。有国家重点保护野生植物2 2种 (含栽培种 ) ,分属于 2 0科 2 0属 ,占全国重点保护野生植物的 8.3%。其中蕨类植物 5种 ,裸子植物 6种 ,被子植物 11种 ;被列为一级重点保护的 6种 ,二级重点保护的 16种。其国家保护植物资源具有种类丰富、古老性强、中国特有现象突出等特点。对其名录特点和利用价值也进行了分析     

浙江磐安种子植物区系的特征分析

磐安约有野生种子植物 1 44科 ,62 7属 ,1 2 98种 (包括种以下分类单位 )。其中世界成分的属 67个 ,占总属数的 1 0 .69% ,热带属 2 2 7个 ,占 36.2 0 % ,温带属 32 1个 ,占 5 1 .2 0 % ,中国特有属 1 2个 ,占 1 .91 %。磐安气候温暖湿润 ,植物种类丰富 ,古老、孑遗、珍稀植物多 ,单种属和少种属占有较大比重 ;优势科、优势属明显 ,优势科 34个 ,共含有 393属 ,776种 ,分别占总属数总种属的 62 .7% ,70 .3% ,优势属 1 0个 ,共含有 1 44种 ,分别占总属数总种数的 1 .6% ,1 1 .1 % ,其中樟科、壳斗科等是该区系的表征科 ;植物分布类型多样 ,地理成分复杂 ,温带成分和热带成分占优势 ,是亚热带分布的北缘 ,与世界各地有广泛的联系