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1.
A comparative study was undertaken of southwestern corn borers (Diatraea grandiosella) collected from south central Mexico (19°N latitude) and southeast Missouri (37°N latitude). All the life stages of the Mexican insects were found to be larger or heavier, or both, than were those of the Missouri insects. Mexican larvae grew at a higher rate and attained a significantly heavier body weight than did Missouri larvae. Although both Mexican and Missouri larvae underwent ecdyses during diapause, Mexican larvae ecdysed more frequently than did the Missouri larvae at 23°C light:dark 12 h:12 h. Larvae that ecdysed most frequently did not necessarily spend longer in diapause. Electrophoresis of the fat body and haemolymph proteins of Mexican and Missouri larvae revealed similar patterns. The fat body of diapausing Mexican larvae contained substantial amounts of a diapause-associated protein which has been characterized previously from the fat body of Missouri Larvae. Double immunodiffusion confirmed that the diapause-associated protein of the Mexican larvae was identical to that present in the Missouri larvae. Smaller amounts of this protein appear to be present in the fat body of diapausing Mexican larvae than are present in that of diapausing Missouri larvae. 相似文献
2.
《Plains anthropologist》2013,58(78):14-20
AbstractTaxa in the Middle Missouri subarea are differentiated largely on the basis of cultural content and time; thus, the creation of a new taxon (the Modified Initial Middle Missouri Variant of the Middle Missouri Tradition) implies change within the Initial Middle Missouri Variant - change which is implied but not documented. The objective of the present study is to examine the validity of the new taxon. The analysis relies primarily on ceramics, supplemented by a new series of radiocarbon dates. The investigation failed to support the hypothesized ceramic tradition change, and the radiocarbon dates suggest these sites do not fit the Modified Initial Middle Missouri time period. This study concludes the Modified Initial Middle Missouri Variant is not a valid taxon. 相似文献
3.
Swine performance model for summer conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Missouri model was developed using swine performance data from three-way cross hogs fed a ration closely approximating National Research Council (1973) recommendations raised in confinement facilities at the Northeast Nebraska Experiment Station. The Missouri model was validated using independent data collected during the summers of 1977 and 1978 at the University of Missouri Swine Research Center. Weight gain predictions averaged 93 and 92% of measured gains and feed intake predictions were 112 and 107% of the measured feed consumption. These predictions were 45 and 61% better than those from the original model of Teter et al. (1973). To the extent that the Missouri and Nebraska swine data are representative of growing swine performance in typical commercial confinement facilities the Missouri model can be expected to predict average hog weight gain and feed consumption within 10% of actual performance in most well managed commercial confinement facilities during moderate and hot weather conditions. Weight gain and feed intake predictions can be expected to be accurate to within 15% for shorter term (2 week) predictions.The work described in this paper was performed while the principle author was at the University of Missouri, Columbia. 相似文献
4.
The blue sucker, Cycleptus elongatus, is a large catostomid fish that occurs in main stem rivers throughout the Mississippi basin of North America. Although not
federally listed as threatened or endangered, populations are not considered stable in any of 21 states where they occur.
Included in the range is the Missouri River, which flows more than 3,200 km from Montana to St. Louis, Missouri. Historically,
C. elongatus was distributed continuously throughout the main stem Missouri and its major tributaries, but from 1952 to 1963, six major
impoundments were constructed on the upper Missouri by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The resulting reservoirs have inundated
and fragmented large riverine habitat from Yankton, South Dakota to the headwaters. C. elongatus still occurs in remnant stretches between reservoirs; however, little is known of the impacts of the dams on these populations.
In order to test for such effects, 231 individuals from nine sites were genotyped at 14 variable microsatellite loci. An additional
142 individuals from six sites in the Mississippi River were also genotyped for comparative purposes. In the Missouri, allelic
richness was reduced in inter-reservoir sites relative to those in the free flowing lower river. In addition, significant
isolation by distance occurs in the Missouri, a pattern not present in the unimpounded Mississippi. These results are consistent
with reduced intradrainage gene flow in the Missouri River and are the first to indicate effects of impoundments on genetic
structure in the system. This information will assist governing agencies in making informed decisions regarding conservation
of C. elongatus in the Missouri River drainage and throughout the range. 相似文献
5.
Ousama M. Faiz Zaghmout William A. Torrello Mark A. Holland Joseph C. Polacco 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(4):315-317
A portion of this work was supported by NSF grant DCB 8718314 and by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. This research
is a joint contribution from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. 10,789 and from the Massachusetts
Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, MA 01003; Journal Paper No. MAES 2959. Ousama Zaghmout was supported by the Food
for the 21st Century Program, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. 相似文献
6.
Range‐wide assessment of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes & Richardson, 1905) relative condition
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Pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus relative condition has been observed to be declining along the Nebraska reach (rkm 1212.6–801.3) of the Missouri River over the past several years; therefore, pallid sturgeon capture data was synthesized from the entire Missouri and Middle Mississippi rivers to document and compare how pallid sturgeon condition varies spatially and temporally throughout much of their current range. The study area was subdivided into four river reaches based on a priori statistical differences for pallid sturgeon catches from 2003 to 2015. Pallid sturgeon in the Middle Mississippi River (Alton Dam [rkm 321.9]) to the confluence of the Ohio River (rkm 0.0) were in the best condition while pallid sturgeon in the Middle Missouri River (Fort Randall Dam [rkm 1416.2]) to the Grand River confluence (rkm 402.3) were in the poorest condition. Furthermore, pallid sturgeon condition in the Upper Missouri River (Fort Peck Dam [rkm 2850.9] to the headwaters of Lake Sakakawea [rkm 2523.5] and lower Yellowstone River) and the Lower Missouri River (Grand River confluence to the Mississippi River confluence [rkm 0.0]) were significantly less than in the Middle Mississippi River but significantly higher than the Middle Missouri River. Temporally, pallid sturgeon condition was highly variable. Relative condition in the Middle Mississippi River was consistently above average (Kn = 1.1). Comparatively, Kn throughout the Missouri River rarely exceeded “normal” (Kn = 1.0), with Kn in the middle and lower reaches of the Missouri River having declined to the lowest observed. As pallid sturgeon recovery efforts continue, understanding the range‐wide differences and effects on condition could be critical, as poor condition may cause maturation delays, reproductive senescence or even mortality, which affects the likelihood of natural reproduction and recruitment. 相似文献
7.
Kaczorowski RL Juenger TE Holtsford TP 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2008,62(7):1738-1750
The heritability and genetic basis of nectar traits have been rarely studied in the field, where plants are exposed to environmental factors that could mask underlying genetic effects. Heritabilities and variance components were estimated for nectar and morphological traits of Nicotiana alata , using a partial diallel design. The main experiment was conducted in a Missouri experimental garden using a randomized block design with three plant density treatments, whereas a smaller experiment was conducted near native Brazil habitat to compare the environmental variance in traits between Missouri and Brazil. Significant heritability was detected for nectar volume and energy content, and for corolla tube length. Phenotypic correlations were significant between all traits investigated, whereas significant genetic correlations were only found between nectar volume and energy and between corolla limb width and mouth diameter. There were no significant family-by-density interactions detected in the Missouri field environment. All traits differed significantly between Missouri and Brazil environments, but significant genetic by environment (G × E) interactions between Missouri and Brazil were detected for only one trait. This study shows that nectar traits can be heritable despite considerable environmental variation. 相似文献
8.
Kathleen Kneeland Thomas A. Coudron Erica Lindroth David Stanley John E. Foster 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2012,143(2):120-126
The predatory spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is an economically important and highly valued biological control agent. There is substantial information on the biology, ecology, behavior, and rearing of this stink bug. However, virtually nothing is known of its genetic variation, in natural or domesticated populations. To address this lacuna, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to assess the genetic variability of field and laboratory populations. Four AFLP universal primer combinations yielded a total of 209 usable loci. The AFLP results showed greater genetic variability between populations from Missouri and Mississippi (both USA), and relatively low variability within Missouri populations. We infer little genetic isolation among Missouri field populations and within laboratory populations, but a significant genetic isolation between Missouri and Mississippi populations. 相似文献
9.
Summary The developmental rate, critical photoperiod, and diapause intensity were determined for three populations of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, from Missouri, Mississippi and Kansas. Mississippi larvae grew at the highest rate and Missouri larvae grew at the lowest rate. The zero developmental temperatures (°C) for the Missouri population were estimated from regression lines as follows: 10.5° (eggs), 10.8° (diapausing larvae), 13.3° (non-diapausing larvae) and 11.4° (pupae). The required heat units were: 85° (eggs), 588° (diapausing larvae), 333° (non-diapausing larvae) and 149° days (pupae). However, the observed low temperature limit for larval growth under constant temperature regimes was approximately 17°C.The critical day lengths for diapause induction observed at 25°C were: 15 h 11 min (Missouri); 15 h 20 min (Mississippi); and 15 h 22 min (Kansas). The photoperiodic response of the Mississippi larvae was more or less retained at 30°C, whereas the response of the Missouri larvae was completely suppressed at this temperature. Diapause was most easily terminated in the Kansas larvae. The most intense diapause was observed in the Mississippi larvae.Model seasonal life cycles of the three geographic populations were constructed using photothermograms. Although the models showed good agreement with the field situation for the Missouri and the Kansas populations, some unknown factor(s) remains to account for an extremely long critical photoperiod in the Mississippi population.Contribution from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, as journal series no. 9001 相似文献
10.
Brian H. Hill Colleen M. Elonen Terri M. Jicha David W. Bolgrien Mary F. Moffett 《Biogeochemistry》2010,97(2-3):195-209
We compared extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) of microbial assemblages in river sediments at 447 sites along the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers with sediment and water chemistry, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfate, and catchment land uses. The sites represented five unique river reaches—impounded and unimpounded reaches of the Upper Mississippi River, the upper and lower reaches of the Missouri River, and the entire Ohio River. Land use and river chemistry varied significantly between rivers and reaches. There was more agriculture in the two Upper Mississippi River reaches, and this was reflected in higher nutrient concentrations at sites in these reaches. EEA was highest in the two Upper Mississippi River reaches, followed by the lower Missouri River reach. EEA was generally lowest in the upper Missouri River reach. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between EEA and the suite of water and sediment chemistry variables, and the percent of the catchment in anthropogenically dominated land uses, including agriculture and urban development. Nutrient ratios of the waters and sediments suggested carbon (C), nitrogen (N), or phosphorus (P) limitation at a large number of sites in each reach. C-limitation was most pronounced in the unimpounded Mississippi River and lower Missouri River reaches; N-limitation was prevalent in the two Missouri River reaches; and P-limitation dominated the Ohio River. Linking microbial enzyme activities to regional-scale anthropogenic stressors in these large river ecosystems suggests that microbial enzyme regulation of carbon and nutrient dynamics may be sensitive indicators of anthropogenic nutrient and carbon loading. 相似文献
11.
Documentation of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) recovery and spawning success from a restored population in the Mississippi River,Missouri, USA
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J. T. Buszkiewicz Q. E. Phelps S. J. Tripp D. P. Herzog J. S. Scheibe 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2016,32(6):1016-1025
Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens are considered rare and were nearly extirpated in the Mississippi River in Missouri by 1931 as a result of overfishing and habitat fragmentation. Propagation efforts have been implemented by the Missouri Department of Conservation since 1984 as means to restore the lake sturgeon population. Although recent population increases have been observed, a formalized evaluation to determine if lake sturgeon are self‐sustaining in the Missouri portion of the Mississippi River has not been completed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the proportion of reproductive individuals, (ii) evaluate seasonal movement patterns of adults, and (iii) validate purported spawning locations within the Mississippi River in Missouri. Lake sturgeon catch data indicated that approximately 11 percent of the population are reproductively mature. Additionally, telemetry data confirms that the greatest movement by adult lake sturgeon occurs during spring, which suggests spawning behavior. Finally, it was possible to document lake sturgeon embryos and emergent fry larvae below Melvin Price Locks and Dam 26 in the Upper Mississippi River near St. Louis, Missouri. Water velocity, depth, and substrate size were measured at this location and embryos were collected and hatched in the laboratory. River gage data suggest that spawning behavior may have been elicited by a large influx of water during a drawdown period of water above the dam. This study represents the first documented spawning of A. fulvescens in the Mississippi River and highlights the success of recovery efforts in Missouri. 相似文献
12.
Reproductive condition and occurrence of intersex in bighead carp and silver carp in the Missouri River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Little is known about the reproductive biology of the exotic bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Missouri River. In order to fill this gap in understanding, herein is described the reproductive condition of these
Asian carps. Evidence is presented which indicates that bighead and silver carp in the Missouri River have a protracted spawning
period that extends from early spring through fall and some individual bighead and silver carp are spawning multiple times
during a reproductive season. Although bighead and silver carps are successfully maturing and spawning in the Missouri River
some reproductive abnormalities such as intersex, atresia, and sterility were observed. Knowledge of the reproductive activity
of these invasive carps may be useful to resource managers tasked with their control. Furthermore, the reproductive abnormalities
observed should be considered when evaluating the environmental condition of the Missouri River relative to supporting a healthy
fish fauna. 相似文献
13.
Sampling was conducted on the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, North Dakota to obtain information on the distribution, abundance and habitat use of the sturgeon chub (Macrhybopsis gelida) and sicklefin chub (M. meeki)(Family Cyprinidae), two declining benthic fish species native to the Missouri River basin. The study area consisted of three distinct river segments, the Missouri River near Williston, the Missouri River near Bismarck (below Garrison Dam), and the Yellowstone River near its confluence with the Missouri River. Both species of chub were collected, mainly with a benthic trawl, throughout 94% of the range sampled in the Williston and Yellowstone segments. Sicklefin and sturgeon chubs were the second and third most abundant cyprinids, respectively, collected from the Williston and Yellowstone segments. Best-fit regression models indicated that the presence of sturgeon chubs increased with decreasing depth, increasing velocity and decreasing water clarity, and that the presence of sicklefin chubs increased with increasing depth, decreasing velocity and decreasing water clarity. In contrast, no chubs of either species were collected in trawls from the Bismarck segment. This segment had significantly deeper, faster, and clearer water than both the Williston and Yellowstone segments. 相似文献
14.
Mark F. Boone 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2007,79(1-2):171-177
In 1995, a 10-year strategic plan for muskellunge program management in Missouri was developed by the Missouri Department
of Conservation. Our mission was to efficiently produce and manage muskellunge in order to provide high-quality angling opportunities
in suitable, well-distributed lakes throughout the state. The first goal was to increase the number and improve the distribution
of muskellunge fisheries in small lakes. In 1995, our three existing muskellunge fisheries were in west central, northwest,
and north Missouri. Six additional lakes were stocked with muskellunge from 1995 to 2001 in southeast, northeast, southwest,
and central Missouri, plus the St. Louis area. The second goal was to maintain density and size structure of muskellunge populations
commensurate with muskellunge angler expectations. Our objective was for muskellunge anglers to catch a muskellunge at least
91 cm (36 in.) in 20–40 h of angling. The Show-Me Muskie Project, a volunteer angler diary program, was initiated in 1996
to help evaluate this objective. The third goal was to inform Missouri anglers about increased opportunities for high-quality
muskellunge fishing. We developed a muskellunge web page, created a release poster, updated our muskellunge brochure, published
magazine articles, and mailed biannual letters to our Show-Me Muskie Project cooperators. 相似文献
15.
Jeremy F. Brodt Douglas W. Tallamy† & Jared Ali† 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2006,112(3):300-306
In species that demonstrate female choice, geographically distinct populations can vary in their signal‐response behaviors as a result of environmental differences or genetic drift. Observing whether or not females discriminate against males from allopatric populations can establish such signal deviations. Here we compare mating success within and between populations of the spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) collected from Delaware, Tennessee, Missouri, and New Mexico, USA. A no‐choice cross‐mating experiment was employed to measure female preference for sympatric and allopatric males. While only two of the populations (Tennessee and Missouri) demonstrated statistically significant female preference for sympatric males, this trend was observed in all populations tested. Further, we show that (i) males from Tennessee, Missouri, and New Mexico differ in their scent, (ii) females may use population‐specific scents to discriminate among males, and (iii) females whose antennae have been surgically removed are unable to recognize acceptable mates. New Mexico males, which were never accepted by either Tennessee or Missouri females, became acceptable mates when crowded with Tennessee or Missouri males prior to copulation. We infer that male odor may be an important factor in determining cucumber beetle mating success. 相似文献
16.
Seasonal adaptations of populations of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, obtained from south-central Mexico (19°N latitude) and southeast Missouri (37°N latitude) were compared. Day length and temperature were found to serve as environmental cues to programme the larval diapause of both populations, but different critical values were observed. The critical day length for diapause induction was about 13 hr light/day for Mexican larvae and about 15 hr light/day for Missouri larvae, and was relatively stable at 20 to 30°C. Mexican larvae displayed a less-intense diapause than did Missouri larvae. Some diapausing Mexican larvae maintained at 25 or 30°C pupated in about 15 days, regardless of the day length to which they were exposed. The rate of diapause development of Mexican larvae was high at day lengths between 14 hr and 16 hr, whereas that of Missouri larvae was accelerated at day lengths of 16 hr at 25 and 30°C. Diapause development of Mexican larvae was virtually unaffected by chilling at 10°C, whereas that of Missouri larvae continued at a low rate at 10°C. Selection of Mexican larvae for diapause showed that only four generations were needed to significantly increase the incidence of diapause. 相似文献
17.
Bodinof CM Briggler JT Duncan MC Beringer J Millspaugh JJ 《Diseases of aquatic organisms》2011,96(1):1-7
The pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was recently detected in Missouri hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis populations that have declined precipitously for unclear reasons. The objective of this study was to determine whether Bd occurred historically in Missouri hellbender populations or is a relatively novel occurrence. Epidermal tissue was removed from 216 archived hellbenders collected from 7 Missouri streams between 1896 and 1994. Histological techniques and an immunoperoxidase stain were used to confirm historic occurrence of Bd infection in hellbenders from the North Fork of the White (1969, 1973, 1975), Meramec (1975, 1986), Big Piney (1986), and Current rivers (1988). Bd was not detected in hellbenders from the Niangua, Gasconade or Eleven Point rivers. The study detected no evidence for endemism of Bd in Missouri hellbender populations prior to 1969, despite the fact that nearly one third of the hellbenders sampled were collected earlier. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Bd is a non-endemic pathogen in North America that was introduced in the second half of the twentieth century. 相似文献
18.
M. D. Tarpley F. Breden G. M. Chippendale 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1993,66(2):145-152
The southwestern corn borer,Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, is a subtropical insect whose range has expanded northward within this century. Geographic variation exists between
populations at the extremes of the range for a suite of morphological and behavioral characters, including cannibalism. Laboratory
colonies established from a Missouri population (37°N lat.) with a high cannibalism rate and a Mexican population (19° N lat.)
with a low cannibalism rate were used to examine the genetic basis of cannibalism by means of a controlled breeding design.
When larvae were held in pairs on artificial diet in 30 ml plastic cups at 30° C 16L:8D, the highest incidence of cannibalism
in both Missouri and Mexican populations was found in larvae 15 to 18 days-of-age (5th and 6th instars). Under these conditions,
cannibalism was expressed in 33% of the pairs formed from Missouri larvae and 11% of the pairs formed from Mexican larvae.
First and second generation crosses between Missouri and Mexican populations showed an intermediate level of cannibalism,
whereas backcrosses to the parental generations showed a regression to the parental phenotypes. These results indicate that
cannibalism is under additive genetic control. Larvae from the Missouri parental population were more likely to consume their
victim (i.e., cannibalize) once intraspecific killing had occurred than were larvae from the Mexican parental population or
from any of the crosses, and female larvae were cannibals more often than were males. Under the conditions employed, no advantage
was detected for cannibalism over instraspecific killing for larval weight gain or growth rate. 相似文献
19.
We tested the hypothesis that leaves of broad-leaved tree species are more highly defended at low latitudes than at high latitudes. We used canonical discriminant analysis to compare tree species from Panama (9°N, 39 species), Missouri, USA (38°N, 37 species), and southern Ontario, Canada (44°N, 34 species) with respect to two structural and five nutritional traits, taking into account each species' tolerance to shade. Trees from the three locations differed significantly, with Panamanian species the most distinct. Defenses of shade-tolerant species were significantly greater than those of shade-intolerant species, but only for the Panamanian sample, which is consistent with the low latitude/high defense hypothesis. Because we sampled many of the same tree species from Missouri and southern Ontario, and many tree species in the same taxonomic families in Missouri and Panama, we were able to control for the potential confounding effects of phylogeny. Overall defense levels, calculated by summing the z-scores for individual traits in each location, were significantly higher for Panama compared to Missouri, and marginally so for Missouri compared to southern Ontario, again consistent with the low latitude/high defense hypothesis. Traits contributing to these differences were mostly structural factors (e.g., fiber) and to a lesser degree nutritional traits, while secondary compounds made no independent contribution to differences in overall defense levels (four traits compared between Panama and Missouri). Contrary to our expectation, the number and types of secondary compounds per species reported in the literature for our species did not differ between temperate and tropical locations, while the diversity of these compounds was greater for the temperate species. Overall, our results provide some support for the hypothesis that leaf defenses against herbivory are better developed in tropical than in temperate trees, but the differences were due to structural and nutritional factors rather than secondary compounds. 相似文献
20.
C.M. Ignoffo B. Puttler D.L. Hostetter W.A. Dickerson 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》1976,28(2):259-262
Cabbage looper larvae, Trichoplusia ni, were equally susceptible to isolates of the entomogenous fungus Nomuraea rileyi from Missouri, Mississippi, and Brazil; an isolate from Florida was 7–17 times less active than the other isolates. Velvetbean caterpillars, Anticarsia gemmatalis, were either only slightly susceptible or not susceptible to the isolates of N. rileyi from Missouri, Florida, and Mississippi. In contrast, larvae of A. gemmatalis cultured from three locations (Missouri, Florida, and Brazil) all were equally susceptible to a Brazilian isolate of N. rileyi. 相似文献