Crustacea Tanaidacea,gesammelt von Professor Dr. W. Noodt an den Küsten El Salvadors und Perus

Summary

Crustacea Tanaidacea collected by Prof. Dr. W. Noodt at the coasts of El Salvador and Peru. The species collected — Tanais stanfordi Richardson, Leptochelia savignyi (Kr?yer), Pseudo‐leptochelia filum (Stimpson), Heterotanais oerstedi (Kr?yer), and Teleotanais gerlachi Lang — are discussed. Some remarks are made concerning the Paratanaidae Lang. For Tanais stanfordi and Teleotanais gerlachi the differences with the known diagnoses are named. Both species are illustrated. Pseudoleptochelia filum is described and illustrated exactly. Except Leptochelia savignyi all species are new to the coasts of El Salvador and Peru.     

Mealybugs of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dysmicoccus</Emphasis> Ferris (Homoptera,Pseudococcidae) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries

A key to six species of the genus Dysmicoccus from the former USSR is given, provided with comprehensive information on the nomenclature, morphology, and taxonomy of the widely variable D. walkeri. The following new synonymies are established: D. walkeri Newstead (= D. kazanskyi Borchs., syn. n.; = glandularis Baz., syn. n.; = badachshanicus Nurm., syn. n.; = innermongolicus Tang in Tang and Li, syn. n.). Lectotype of D. kazanskyi is designated. Dysmicoccus multivorus (Kir.) is considered in the revision of the genus Trionymus Berg (Danzig, 1997), the rest species are discussed in the monograph of the Far Eastern fauna (Danzig, 1980).     

Jumping plant lice (Homoptera: Psylloidea) of the temperate neotropical region. Part 1: Psyllidae (subfamilies Aphalarinae, Rhinocolinae and Aphalaroidinae)

The psyllid-fauna of temperate and subantarctic South America comprises members of three families: Calophyidae, Triozidae and Psyllidae. Three subfamilies of the Psyllidae are revised in this paper: the Aphalarinae are represented by two species in two genera, one of which develops on Aquifoliaceae; the Rhinocolinae are represented by two congeneric species on Anacardiaceae while the Aphalaroidinae contain 38 species in seven genera trophically linked to the Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Myzodendraceae, Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae and Zygophyllaceae. The family Psyllidae (= Aphalaridae syn. nov. , =Spondyliaspididae syn. nov. ) and the constituent subfamily Aphalaroidinae (= Arepuninae syn nov. , = Ciriacreminae auct. pp) are redefined. Three genera and 30 species are described as new and two new generic, two new specific synonyms, and five new combinations are proposed. Information on larvae and host plant relationships is also given. Lectotypes are designated for eight species and a type-species is fixed for one genus. Keys are provided for the identification to species.     

Study of a new group of Enterobacteriacea (group H1) related to Enterobacter cloacae strain]

A DNA-DNA hybridization study was carried out on a new group of enterobacteria (group H1) previously studied by numerical taxonomy work on the genus Enterobacter. This group showed a very high genetic homogeneity since the average relative binding ratio of nine analysed strains is equal to 91%. The taxonomic position of this group into the family of enterobacteria is discussed with the species E. cloacae (37 to 61%), K. pneumoniae (44 to 60%), K. oxytoca (57-58%), L. malonatica (syn. Citrobacter intermedius, a:46 to 54%), L. amalonatica (syn. C. intermedius, b: 51%), and the group H3 (52-61%). The group H1 is defined on phenotypic and genetic data.     

Revision of Scotocyma Turner (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)

Abstract  The Australasian genus Scotocyma Turner is revised, containing the species S. albinotata (Walker), S. legalis (Warren), S. asiatica Holloway, S. scotopepla Prout, stat. n., S. manusensis Prout, stat. n., S. mimula (Warren), stat. n. and S. miscix Prout. Scotocyma euryochra Turner, syn. n., S. idioschema Turner, syn. n., S. ischnophrica Turner, syn. n. and S. transfixa Turner, syn. n. are regarded as synonyms of S. albinotata . Four species are described as new: S. samoensis , sp. n., S. sumatrensis , sp. n., S. rutilimixta , sp. n. and S. longiuncus , sp. n. Lectotypes are designated for S. scotopepla , S. manusensis and S. miscix . All species are illustrated, and keys to species and distribution maps are provided. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of the genus and to examine distribution patterns of the species. A biogeographical discussion is included. The tribal position of the genus is clarified and relationships to closely related genera are discussed.     

Revision of the Indo-Australian genus Cnematoplatys Schmidt with description of a new species from Queensland (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini)

Abstract  The euparine genus Cnematoplatys Schmidt, with seven species, is reviewed, including one species, C. yorkensis described as new. The generic diagnosis is revised, a lectotype of the type species, C. benardi Schmidt, is designated, a key to the species is provided and pertinent morphological details are illustrated. All data on taxonomy and available data on distribution are given, and a cladistic analysis is included to test the monophyly of the genus.     

Systematic position and review of Deinopteroloma Jansson, 1946, with descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera, Silphidae and Staphylinidae (Omaliinae))

Abstract. The genus Deinopteroloma Jansson 1946 is transferred from the family Silphidae to the family Staphylinidae and assigned to the subfamily Omaliinae, tribe Anthophagini. The genus Mathrilaeum Moore 1966 is shown to be congeneric with Deinopteroloma and considered a junior synonym. The genus Deinopteroloma is redescribed and its position in the Anthobium group of genera is discussed. Nine species are recognized, five in the Nepal Himalayas, two in northeastern Burma and two on the Pacific coast of North America. A key for identification is given. Each species is described and illustrated and all available bionomic and distributional data are presented. Deinopteroloma crenatum, D.spectabile, D.egregium and D.insigne , all from the Nepal Himalayas, are described as new and Lathrimaeum subcostatum Maklin, L.pictum Fauvel and L.notabile Cameron are transferred in Deinopteroloma (comb.nov.). Lectotypes are designated for D.subcostatum (Mäklin), D.humerale (Casey), D.pictum (Fauvel) and D.notabile (Cameron).     

Tanaidacean phylogeny,the first step: the superfamily Paratanaidoidea

This paper addresses the phylogeny of the superfamily Paratanaidoidea using computer‐assisted parsimony methods. Our morphologically based, empirical analysis uses exemplar species from all families and most genera in the superfamily. Species of Apseudomorpha, Neotanaidomorpha and Tanaidoidea were employed as out‐groups. The analysis supports most of the older systematics, including the monophyly of Paratanaididae, Leptocheliidae (in part), Nototanaididae, Pseudotanaididae and Pseudozeuxidae (excluding Heterotanaoides ). The analysis does not support the monophyly of Typhlotanaididae and Anarthruridae and suggests that both families be split up. The core genera of Typhlotanaididae are combined with the Nototanaididae under the name Nototanaididae. Other genera of Typhlotanaididae are left without family designation. Anarthruridae is divided into five families, Agathotanaididae, Anarthruridae, Leptognathiidae, Tanaellidae fam. nov. and Colletteidae fam. nov. , but a large part of the anarthrurid genera could not be designated to families. The Leptocheliidae could neither be rejected nor verified but a subfamilial division (Heterotanaidinae subfam. nov. and Leptocheliinae) seems appropriate. A new proposal for the higher‐level taxonomy of the Paratanaidoidea is presented. Many tanaidacean names have been corrected to make them agree with the presumed Latin stem ‘tanaid‐’.     

A reevaluation of the genus Exacum (Gentianaceae) in Ceylon

A taxonomic reevaluation of the Ceylonese species of the paleotropic genus of Gentianaceae, Exacum L. (ca. 40 species), is made. Eight species are recognized. Five of the species are endemic to Ceylon and three are also found in India. One species new to Ceylon is presented, viz. E. pedunculalum L., and one new combination is made, viz. E. pallidum (Trim.) Klack. Typifications, maps and a key to the species are given. The micromorphology of seeds, pollen grains, and cuticular structures as seen by means of SEM is also given and its implications for taxonomy discussed.     

On the Identity of the Genus Crassolabium (Dorylaimida: Qudsianematidae)

The identity and taxonomy of the genus Crassolabium are discussed based on examination of material of C. australe, its type species and its comparison with Iberian species of close genera. The existence of refractive masses (thickenings) at the inner core of lateral lips, the most distinctive diagnostic feature of Crassolabium, is considered to be of minor taxonomical significance because of its interspecific and even intraspecific variability. It is concluded that Crassolabium and Thonus are identical, and a reversal of precedence among both genera is suggested. Crassolabium australe is re-described, and some comments are provided on C. robustum, the second species in the genus.     

中国中、新生代大植物化石新属索引(1865-1990)

系统地检索1865-1990年的古植物文献,搜录了根据中国材料建立的中、新生代化石属113个,分属于蕨类植物门和种子植物门等.     

贵州台江中寒武世的一些软舌螺化石

该文的软舌螺标本采自贵州省台江县八郎村中寒武世地层,计有Haplophrentis?reesei,H.?carinatus,Hyolithes?cf.idahoensis,H.?cf.cariniferus,H.?sp.,Cambrovitus balangensis gen.sp.nov.,Notabititidae gen.et sp.uncertain.。其层位位于梅树村动物群和澄江动物群之上。地层时代与北美布吉斯页岩的时代相当,两地的软舌螺可直接对比。更为可贵的是在方Haplophrentis?carinatus的腹内视标本中发现了直肠和伸缩肌软体印痕。     

蔺叶蜂亚科一新属新种（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

本文记述蔺叶蜂亚科１新属新种“朱氏背齿叶蜂Ｎｏｔｏｄｏｎｉｄｅａ ｃｈｕｉ ｇｅｎ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新属隶属于等角叶蜂族Ｐｈｙｍａｔｏｃｅｒｉｎｉ,与窝眶叶蜂属Ｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ Ｋｏｎｏｗ及扁室叶蜂属Ｃｏｒｐｉｌｕｓ Ｍａｌａｉｓｅ较近似;窝眶叶蜂属触角粗短且简单,第２节长等于宽,唇基截型,颚眼距狭于１／２单眼直径,后眶沟深并具陷窝,爪具微小内齿,前足胫节内距分叉等易于新属区别;扁室叶蜂属     

A new family of amoebae with fine pseudopodia

A new family, the Echinamoebidae, is proposed within the order Amoebida (Protozoa, Sarcodina) for amoebae producing finely-pointed, non-anastomosing pseudopodia. Within this family two new genera, Echinamoeba and Stachyamoeba , are defined and two new species of edaphic origin described. The genus Filamoeba Page, 1967, is transferred to the Echinamoebidae, but further comparative studies are desirable before other genera are included. The varieties of conical sub-pseudopodia are examined, and some of the general criteria for taxonomy of the Amoebida are discussed as they apply to the Echinamoebidae.     

SYSTEMATIC STATUS AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FRESHWATER GENUS BALBIANIA (RHODOPHYTA)

The freshwater rhodophyte Balbiania investiens (Lenormand) Sirodot was collected as an epiphyte of Batrachospermum in small streams in England, Ireland, and Germany. Unialgal cultures and field collections of Balbiania were analyzed in terms of their morphology, ultrastructure, and the DNA sequences of the genes coding for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( rbc L) and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), as well as the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of the rRNA genes. One of the major distinguishing features of this genus is the production of spermatangia on the tips of specialized, elongate cells. The spermatangia are cut off in a cluster together with similar nonspermatangial cells that are packed with starch granules. The only other rhodophyte genus with this feature is Rhododraparnaldia ; the two genera are differentiated from each other by the pattern of branching, substratum of attachment, and type of diploid phase. In the parsimony and distance trees inferred from the two gene sequences as well as in a combined parsimony tree, Balbiania and Rhododraparnaldia grouped together on a well-supported branch separate from other taxa of the Batrachospermales, Acrochaetiales, Nemaliales, and Palmariales. However, the two genera are positioned within a clade containing the last three orders. Based on these findings, it is clear that the genus Balbiania is a valid taxon and that it is phylogenetically associated with Rhododraparnaldia. A new order is proposed, the Balbianiales. The two specimens of Balbiania analyzed from England and Germany have identical sequences for all regions of DNA analyzed.     

Revision of the East Mediterranean Orthomus (Coleoptera,Carabidae, Pterostichini), with description of Parorthomus gen. n. socotranus sp. n. from Socotra Island and key to the Old World genera of subtribe Euchroina

The East Mediterranean species of Orthomus Chaudoir, 1838 are revised. The type series of Feronia longula Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, F. berytensis Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, F. proelonga Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, Orthomus longior Chaudoir, 1873, O. sidonicus Chaudoir, 1873, and O. berytensis akbensis Mateu, 1955 were studied and lectotypes for the first four are designated. Also, the following nomenclatural acts are proposed: Feronia proelonga Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, syn. n. of Orthomus berytensis (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855); Feronia elongata Chaudoir, 1859, syn. n. of Orthomus berytensis (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855); Orthomus sidonicus Chaudoir, 1873, syn. n. of Orthomus longior Chaudoir, 1873; Orthomus velocissimus andalusiacus Mateu, 1957, syn. n. of Orthomus velocissimus akbensis Mateu, 1955, new assignment for Orthomus berytensis akbensis Mateu, 1955. As a result, three species of the genus inhabit the East Mediterranean biogeographical region: O. berytensis, O. longior, and O. longulus. A key to these three species is given. O. longior is recorded for Turkey and Syria for the first time. In addition, a new synonymy of two West Mediterranean taxa is proposed: O. szekessyi (Jedlička, 1956), syn. n. of O. balearicus (Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1868), and a new genus and a species are described: Parorthomus gen. n. socotranus sp. n. (type locality: Republic of Yemen, Socotra Archipelago, Socotra Island, Fimihin env., 530 m.a.s.l.). Illustrations of the species dealt with here are provided including external characters, habitus, mentum and submentum, and genitalia are provided.Nine genera of the “African Series” of subtribe Euchroina Chaudoir, 1874 are keyed for the first time. Checklists of the species of Orthomus and of the Old World euchroine genera are given.     

Systematics of Schistopterini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae), with descriptions of new genera and species

Abstract. The systematics of tribe Schistopterini (Diptera: Tephritidae) is reviewed and discussed, and a key is given to the fourteen current genera, of which four are new. A cladogram of the type species of the genera plus all other species of one of the new genera ( Microtreta ) is presented, supporting the monophyly of Microtreta .
The new genera include Calloptera (type species Rhabdochaeta asteria Hendel), Microtreta (type species Microtreta fini , sp.n.), Melanopterella (type species Rhabdochaeta nigra Bezzi) and Schistotephritis (type species Camaromyia acrophthalma Bezzi). Microtreta is treated comprehensively; its constituents, deemingi, fini, frontale, jeffreyi and longicornis (all new species), are described from East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Host plants, all of genus Vernonia (Asteraceae), are recorded for the four East African species. Characters of immature stages are described for M. longicornis . Eighteen new combinations are made.     

A revision of the freshwater crab genus Hainanpotamon (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potamiscinae), with a redescription of Potamon (Potamon) orientale (Parisi, 1916) and descriptions of three new species

The taxonomy of the potamid genus Hainanpotamon , from Vietnam, Laos, Hainan Island (China) and, purportedly, Okinawa Island (Japan) is reviewed. The type species, Potamon (Potamon) orientale (), is redescribed and a lectotype designated. In addition, three new species are described. The poorly known species Potamon (Geothelphusa) globosum , is assigned to Hainanpotamon and its taxonomy clarified, with a lectotype designated. A key to the nine species of Hainanpotamon is provided.     

On molecular taxonomy: what is in a name?

Gene sequences of small portions of the genome are often used for premature detailed taxonomic changes, neglecting polyphasic taxonomy, which should also consider phenotypical characteristics. Three examples are given: (i) Recently, members of the genera Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella have been moved, correctly so, from the Rickettsiales to the Mycoplasmatales, but were assigned to the genus Mycoplasma, mostly on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Not only is the 16S rRNA sequence similarity between 'classical' Mycoplasma and these species of Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella less than that between some other well-recognised bacterial genera, but their biological differences amply justify their classification in different genera of the Mycoplasmatales. Furthermore, the move creates considerable confusion, as it necessitates new names for some species, with more confusion likely to come when the 16S rRNA sequences of the type species of Eperythrozoon, a name which has priority over Mycoplasma, will be analysed. (ii) In the Rickettsiales, members of the genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Cowdria, Neorickettsia and Wolhbachia are so closely related phylogenetically on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences, and for some also of groESL operon sequences, that they have recently been fused, correctly so, into one family, the Anaplasmataceae, while the tribes Ehrlichieae and Wolbachieae have been abolished. Sequence diversity within the 'classical' genus Ehrlichia has led to classifying E. phagocytophila (including E. equi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), E. platys and E. bovis in the genus Anaplasma, while others have been retained in Ehrlichia, which also includes Cowdria ruminantium. E. sennetsu and E. risticii have been transferred to the genus Neorickettsia. 16S rRNA and GroEL sequences of 'classical' Anaplasma and some members of 'classical' Ehrlichia do show a close relationship, but differences in citrate synthase gene sequences, the GC content of this gene, and sequences of the gene encoding the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase, not to speak of the phenotypical differences, do not justify the fusion into one genus. Because of the phylogenetical diversity in Ehrlichia it is recommended that a new genus name be created for the E. phagocytophila genogroup (and E. platys and E. bovis). (iii) One of the conclusions of studies on the phylogeny of ticks of the subfamilies Rhipicephalinae and Hyalomminae, based on nucleotide sequences from 12S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase I, the internal transcribed spacer 2, 18S rRNA, as well as morphological characters, is that Boophilus should be considered as a subgenus of Rhipicephalus. While Boophilus and Rhipicephalus are undoubtedly close, the obviously important morphological and biological differences between the genera Rhipicephalus and Boophilus are thus overruled by similarities in the sequences of a number of genes and this leads to considerable confusion. Polyphasic taxonomy amply justifies maintaining Boophilus as a separate genus, phylogenetically near to Rhipicephalus. This note is a plea for a cautious and balanced approach to taxonomy, taking into account molecular genotypical information, as far as is possible from different genes, as well as phenotypical characteristics.