云南省兰科植物新记录

云南省是中国乃至世界兰科(Orchidaceae)植物最为丰富的地区之一,近年来随着调查研究工作的深入,发现了不少新属、新种、新记录属以及新记录种[1-10]。笔者近年来对云南南部和东南部植物区系进行调查,并通过标本鉴定和相关资料查阅,发现了4个云南新记录属和9个云南新记录种。其中,     

中国西北地区树花属地衣研究

本文从形态学、解剖学、化学等方面对采自中国西北地区的树花属Ramalina地衣进行了研究,鉴定出该属地衣18种,其中簇树花R.chihuahuana和平树花R.complanata为中国新记录种,西北地区新记录种有12个。     

沂山地衣研究

对采自山东省沂山的370余个地衣标本进行分类整理,共鉴定出12个科26个属59个种(包括2个变种)。其中山东省新记录属5个,新记录种35个。     

新疆阿勒泰地区草地植物的白粉菌和锈菌(Ⅰ)

通过对新疆阿勒泰地区草地植物的白粉菌和锈菌进行形态分类鉴定研究,报道该地区白粉菌22种,隶属于5族6属,其中白粉菌新记录寄主植物18种;报道锈菌23种,隶属于2科4属,其中锈菌新记录寄主植物1种。文中提供了真菌名录,包括寄主、采集地点和标本号。     

海南冬季蔬菜无性型真菌多样性研究

对采自海南省瓜菜主产区蔬菜的真菌标本500余份进行鉴定,共鉴定出63种,隶属8科24属,其中卵菌6种,担子菌2种,半知菌55种。发现海南省新记录种5种,分别为菠菜匍柄霉Stemphylium spinaciae、菜豆匍柄霉Stemphylium phaseolina、莴苣匍柄霉Stemphylium lactucae、苦瓜匍柄霉Stemphylium momordi、囊状匍柄霉Stemphyliu vesicarium。文中对海南新记录种进行了简单描述。     

新疆禾本科2种中国外来植物新记录

目的：报道新疆2种禾本科（Poaceae）新记录植物。方法：通过近年来的野外调查、标本采集与形态解剖,查阅相关资料对发现的2种新疆禾本科新记录植物进行鉴定。结果：鉴定结果显示,2种新疆禾本科新记录植物为芒颖大麦草（Hordeum jubatum）和长刺蒺藜草（Cenchrus longispinus）,均为新疆外来植物。其中长刺蒺藜草为检疫性杂草,且蒺藜草属（Cenchrus）为新疆新记录属。结论：该发现对新疆禾本科植物区系和物种多样性研究具有重要意义,也为该新记录属种的地理分布研究、入侵杂草的扩散与有效监控提供了重要依据和新资料。凭证标本存放于新疆农业大学植物标本馆（XJA）。     

南黄海沉积物中的丝孢菌初报

从南黄海采集沉积物样品19份,共分离到74个丝孢菌分离物。除22个青霉属菌株未鉴定至种外,其余经鉴定属于18属20种。其中包括1个中国新记录属Devriesia;2个中国新记录种Devriesia pseudoamericana、Scedosporium dehoogii;其余18种为中国已知种。对中国新记录属种进行形态学描述和基于ITS序列的分子生物学分析,对18个国内已报道种则只作分布和生境的引证。所有菌种均保存在中国海洋大学海洋生物标本室(OUCMB)。     

贵州黏菌初报

通过对作者2005年采自贵州的119份黏菌标本和从湿室培养10份树皮基物获得的19份黏菌标本进行的鉴定分类研究,以及对保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本馆和中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆的共21份黏菌标本的鉴定复核,报告了目前已明确了的贵州黏菌51种,分隶属于6目9科21属,其中44种为贵州新记录种,白鳞钙丝菌和红柄发菌为中国新记录种。     

新疆伊氏叶属(Melanelixia)地衣的研究

采用形态、解剖及化学等传统分类方法,对新疆天山和阿尔泰山山脉采集的伊氏叶属地衣标本进行了研究。共鉴定出7个分类单位,其中假杯点伊氏叶(Melanelixia subaurifera)为新疆新记录种,同时提供了地衣名录、分布地区和新记录种的描述。研究结果为新疆的地衣资源提供基础资料。     

新疆树花属地衣的分类

根据多年的实地调查资料和相关的研究资料,对树花属(Ramalina Ach.)地衣标本进行了初步整理、分类和鉴定研究,报道了新疆树花属地衣8个种。其中钝树花(Ramalina obtusata),亚细长树花(Ramalina subleptocarpha)为中国新记录种,撕裂树花(Ramalina dilacerata),裂树花(Ramalina minuscula)为新疆新记录种。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism