赤芝孢子化学成分研究

从赤芝(Gunoderm lucidum )孢子脂溶部分分到六个甾体化合物,根据化学及光谱解析等方法鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(Ⅰ),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(Ⅱ),麦角甾-7,9,22-三烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(Ⅲ),麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(Ⅳ),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-(3)酮(Ⅴ),以及麦角甾醇(Ⅵ)。     

硬孔灵芝的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析法进行分离纯化,从硬孔灵芝Ganoderma duropora的氯仿萃取物中分离得到甾类化合物8种。根据波谱数据,化合物1-8结构分别被鉴定为:麦角甾醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮、6,9-环氧麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、过氧麦角甾醇、3,5-二羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮、β-谷甾醇和胡萝卜苷。     

海洋链霉菌H41-59甾醇类化学成分及其细胞毒活性研究

对来源于南海红树林底泥的海洋链霉菌H41-59发酵物中的次级代谢产物进行了分离纯化、结构鉴定及抗肿瘤细胞毒活性评价研究。经硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20分子排阻层析和高效液相色谱等分离手段,从中分离得到了10个甾醇类化合物。通过核磁、质谱等方法,并结合与文献数据比对,鉴定分离得到的化合物分别为:麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(1)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(2)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇(3)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,25-四醇(4)、5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(9),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(5)、5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(6)、麦角甾-8(9),22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,7α-四醇(7)、麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,7α-四醇(8)、5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7β-二醇(9)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(10),化合物1~10均为首次从海洋来源链霉菌中分离得到。采用MTT法对这10个化合物进行体外抗肿瘤细胞活性的筛选,发现均具有一定的细胞毒活性。其中,化合物5、7和8表现出较好的抑制活性,其IC50值均小于50μg/m L。     

粗毛纤孔菌子实体化学成分

采用多种层析分离手段从粗毛纤孔菌子实体甲醇提取物中分离得到麦角甾醇、7(8),22(23)-二烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷、(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇、4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷、齿孔酸、Hispidin、Hispolon、次黄嘌呤核苷、InoscavinC和原儿茶酸10个单体化合物;通过气质联机分析,黄色油状物鉴定为12个脂肪酸衍生物、2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基菠菜烯和二十二烷。     

非洲隔囊蚁巢伞的化学成分研究(英文)

从肯尼亚安波塞利产的隔囊蚁巢伞(Termitomyces schimperi)子实体中分离得到8个已知化合物,通过波谱方法鉴定它们的结构为(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1),(3β,5α,9α-三羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(2),5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(3),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(4),D-阿拉伯糖醇(5),D-半乳糖醇(6),脑苷脂B(7)和脑苷脂D(8)。所有化合物均首次从该真菌中分离得到。     

石榴嗜蓝孢孔菌发酵液中一个新drimane型倍半萜

采用硅胶、RP-18、Sephadex LH-20等多种材料对石榴嗜蓝孢孔菌发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取部分分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱分析对化合物进行结构鉴定。分离鉴定了11个化合物,经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为角鲨烯(1)、棕榈酸(2)、(9Z,12Z)-十八烷二烯酸(3)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol(4)、亚油酸甲酯(5)、麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(6)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(7)、过氧麦角甾醇(8)、2α-methoxyl-3β,9β-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene(9)、3β,6β-dihydroxycinnamolide(10)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(11)。化合物10是一个新的drimane型倍半萜,其他化合物均首次从该种真菌中分离得到。     

木蹄层孔菌子实体化学成分及对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用的研究

运用硅胶、sephadex LH-20等柱色谱,从木蹄层孔菌子实体的乙醇提取物分离得到12个化合物,通过单体的理化性质、NMR和MS技术鉴定单体的结构为3-十六碳酸酯-7,22-二烯麦角甾醇（1）,十八烷酸（2）,棕榈酸（3）,7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮（4）,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-醇（5）,5,8-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3-醇（6）,3,3-二甲氧基-7,22-二烯麦角烷（7）,28-乙酰白桦脂醇（8）,白桦脂醇（9）,β-羟基十八烷酸（10）,9,10-二羟基十八烷酸（11）,瑞香素（12）。采用Alamar Blue法检测单体化合物对人肺癌细胞NCI-H 460和人胃癌细胞SGC-7901的抑制活性。结果表明,化合物4对NCI-H 460细胞株的抑制活性最高,化合物9对SGC-7901的抑制活性最高。     

亚洲兰茂牛肝菌的化学成分及其活性

对亚洲兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa asiatica(“见手青”)的化学成分和生物活性进行研究。采用多种柱色谱技术以及重结晶等方式对其95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化,共得到17个单体化合物。根据波谱数据及文献比对鉴定了化合物的结构,其中9个为甾体类化合物：citreoanthrasteroid(1)、1(10→6)abeo-麦角甾-5,7,9,22-四烯-11β-甲氧基-3α-醇(2)、3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-dien(3)、过氧化麦角甾醇(4)、9(11)-去氢过氧化麦角甾醇(5)、3β-羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8(9),22-烯-7-酮(6)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(7)、22E,24R-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(8)和麦角甾醇(9);其余化合物分别为：腺嘌呤核苷(10)、5’-deoxy-5’-methylamino-adenosine(11)、5’-deoxy-5’-methylamino-9-(α-L-lyxofuranosyl)adenine(12)、(R)-4-me...     

紫陀螺菌化学成分及其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性的研究

以紫陀螺菌为对象,研究其子实体的化学成分及其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性。采用溶剂提取、柱层析和高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化化学成分,通过核磁共振和质谱技术鉴定单体化合物结构,运用结晶紫法评价单体化合物抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性。从乙酸乙酯提取物中共分离鉴定6个单体化合物,分别为(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1)、3β,5α-二羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(3)、吲哚-3-甲酸甲酯(4)、4,4-二甲基-1,7-庚二酸(5)和(8E,10E)-12羰基十八碳-8,10-二烯酸(6),其中化合物1为主要成分,相对含量为23.8%。活性测试结果表明3对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7 细胞、人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1细胞和人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231细胞具有微弱的细胞增殖抑制活性。本研究首次报道了紫陀螺菌化学成分,对深入挖掘其在健康领域中的开发价值具有重要意义。     

盾叶薯蓣内生真菌Dzf13抗细菌活性成分

采用活性追踪分离的方法,从盾叶薯蓣内生真菌菌株Dzf13中分离到两个具抗细菌活性的化合物1和2,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1)和5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2).结果表明,化合物1和2对根癌土壤杆菌、黄瓜角斑病菌和番茄疮痂病菌等三种植物病原细菌的生长均表现出一定的抑制活性,尤其对黄瓜角斑病菌的抑制活性较强.结果还表明5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)的抗细菌活性要比麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1)强.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.