2-Liter Bottles and Botanical Gardens: Using Inquiry to Learn Ecology

In the project presented in this article, high school students create and observe miniecosystems in an ecology unit designed around a 5E (engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and evaluation) instructional model. Students choose a wide variety of organisms and use creativity to design miniecosystems.     

CBL+PBL与PBL教学法在胸腔外科临床教学中的对比分析

目的:对比PBL教学法,研究CBL+PBL法在五年制临床医学本科胸腔外科临床教学中的应用及效果。方法:抽取五年制本科临床实习生共59人,随机分为实验组(29人)与对照组(30人),实验组采用CBL+PBL教学法讲授临床实践课,对照组采用单纯PBL法。授课结束后进行随堂测试及问卷调查。结果:①随堂测试:实验组病例分析题及总成绩高于对照组且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),选择题与简答题两组间成绩比较无统计学差异。②问卷调查:在是否有利于培养临床思维能力以及是否有利于理论联系临床问题中,实验组肯定回答的人数比例均高于对照组且差别有统计学意义。(P0.05)。两组之间在是否有利于提高学习兴趣、是否有利于提高团队协作能力、是否有利于知识的理解以及是否赞同本教学方法问题中,差异无统计学意义。结论:CBL+PBL教学法相对于单纯的PBL教学法而言,更适合在临床教学中应用。     

实验诊断学PBL教学案例的设计原则

由临床检验专业人员承担的《实验诊断学》教学应以临床检验学为教学重点,案例的教学目标及学习重点应围绕临床检验基本原理,检验结果质量保证和检验结果影响因素三方面进行。案例选择应遵循以下原则：①选择质量保证的过程中容易出现问题的环节;②选择物质代谢过程清楚,相关疾病的病理生理改变明确的检验项目,如血糖;③选择在,临床检验中应用较多的方法,比如酶的连续监测法。     

医学生循证医学PBL教学方法的教学效果评估研究

目的:分析医学生循证医学PBL教学方法的教学效果,为改进教学方法、提高教学效果提供依据。方法:随机抽取第四军医大学2008、2009和2010级五年制、八年制临床医学学生696人,统一组织填写\"教学效果评估调查问卷\"。分别计算各指标的平均分,采用方差分析,检验不同年级学生的各指标得分是否存在差异;采用t检验,分析不同专业学生的各指标得分是否存在差异。结果:问题设置、自学过程、学习效果、教学方式四个一级指标的平均得分分别是3.6、3.2、3.7和3.8。2010级学生各指标的得分高于2008和2009级学生,其中自学过程(Q2)、学习效果(Q3)得分存在显著差异(Q2:F=3.28;Q3:F=4.25;P值均0.05)。八年制学生各指标的得分高于五年制学生,其中Q2、Q3得分存在显著差异(Q2:t=2.33;Q3:t=2.08;P值均0.05)。结论:PBL教学取得了较好的教学效果;随着时间的推移,学生对PBL教学的认可度和学习效果均有提高;PBL教学在八年制学生中的教学效果优于五年制学生。     

探究性教学解析

新一轮基础教育改革十分重视探究性教学的实施,但是探究性教学的研究与实践在我国尚处在起步阶段,为更好地理解探究性教学,促进它的研究与实施,试从历史发展的角度探讨探究性教学的若干关系。     

临床医学八年制医学微生物教学改革的探索与体会

在临床医学八年制医学微生物教学改革实践中,对传统讲授式教学与案例讨论式教学作了比较.在结合临床病例教学时,应注重进一步夯实学生医学微生物学基础理论,使传统教学方式与讨论式教学方式优势互补.讨论式教学在医学微生物学教学中的运用是一个循序渐进的过程,教师自身的专业理论水平与教学思路创新是教学改革成功的关键之一.     

Local Tree Mapping: A Collaborative,Place-Based Activity Integrating Science,Technology, Math,and Geography

This inquiry-based activity designed for the fifth through 12th grade allows students to engage in an outdoor, place-based experience, working collaboratively both in groups and as a class to accomplish the class goal of creating a local tree map linked to student-collected data about each tree. During Local Tree Mapping, students explore the local trees in the yard or neighborhood of the school, while learning basic skills in geographical information systems and Microsoft Excel. Through this activity, students gain a deeper understanding of and appreciation for the role of trees within the Earth's ecosystems, as they collect data on tree type, height, diameter, age, and the longitude and latitude of the trees. An extension activity is described in which students can enter their tree data into a carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions reduction calculator to determine how much CO₂ is sequestered by the trees in their research site. Local Tree Mapping provides an opportunity for students to gain inquiry skills in science, mathematics, and geography as they participate firsthand in the collection, analysis, and presentation of real-world data that can be utilized by the local community.     

微生物学教学中大学生科学探究与创新意识培养的教学案例

从若干具体教学案例出发,介绍如何在微生物学教学中倡导科学研究方法思想:观察现象,提出问题,进行假说,科学实验,形成理论;注意介绍重要生物学里程碑事件或重大理论突破的发现和证明的科学探究过程,帮助学生建立创新意识。另外,结合自身科研实例开展教学工作,并在考试中注重考察解决实际问题的能力。     

Using the Kalanchoe daigremontiana Plant to Show the Effects of Photoperiodism on Plantlet Formation

The brine shrimp activity fosters authentic scientific inquiry in addition to providing an engaging and exciting avenue for student exploration. Students in grades 5–12 can use a plethora of science process skills as they design their own investigations. The activity, designed around a 5-E Learning Cycle model, supports the recommendations of the National Science Education Standards, which emphasize that inquiry should be a critical component in the science classroom.     

Uncovering the spatio-temporal dynamics of value-based decision-making in the human brain: a combined fMRI–EEG study

While there is a growing body of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence implicating a corpus of brain regions in value-based decision-making in humans, the limited temporal resolution of fMRI cannot address the relative temporal precedence of different brain regions in decision-making. To address this question, we adopted a computational model-based approach to electroencephalography (EEG) data acquired during a simple binary choice task. fMRI data were also acquired from the same participants for source localization. Post-decision value signals emerged 200 ms post-stimulus in a predominantly posterior source in the vicinity of the intraparietal sulcus and posterior temporal lobe cortex, alongside a weaker anterior locus. The signal then shifted to a predominantly anterior locus 850 ms following the trial onset, localized to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex. Comparison signals between unchosen and chosen options emerged late in the trial at 1050 ms in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that such comparison signals may not be directly associated with the decision itself but rather may play a role in post-decision action selection. Taken together, these results provide us new insights into the temporal dynamics of decision-making in the brain, suggesting that for a simple binary choice task, decisions may be encoded predominantly in posterior areas such as intraparietal sulcus, before shifting anteriorly.     

Editorial policy and Notes for authors

Modern accounts of evolutionary mechanism pay little attention to the pattern and logic of Darwin's explanation, but recognition of the logic of Darwin's explanation has significance for our understanding of evolution and for our appreciation of the extent to which Darwin's concept of evolutionary mechanism accords with modern evolutionary thought. Also, Darwin's explanation exemplifies the concept of a scientific ‘law’ and thus is of considerable value in helping learners to understand the nature of scientific explanation.