Changes in minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane following treatment with medetomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam, epidural morphine or systemic buprenorphine in pigs

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane after treatment with medetomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam (MTZ), epidural morphine or systemic buprenorphine in 11 healthy crossbred pigs. The first part of this study was to measure the baseline values in pigs induced with isoflurane (5%) by face mask and maintained with isoflurane in air and oxygen for 2 h (ISO). Baseline isoflurane MAC was determined using mechanical stimulation. Thereafter, each pig was randomly chosen for a crossover test in which the same animal received three different treatments with at least one week in between treatments. The three treatments were as follows: induction of anaesthesia with medetomidine (0.05 mg kg(-1)) and tiletamine/zolazepam (2.5 mg kg(-1) each) given intramuscularly (MTZ); MTZ followed by epidural morphine (0.1 mg kg(-1); MTZ/M); and MTZ followed by intramuscular buprenorphine (0.1 mg kg(-1); MTZ/B). All pigs were maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and air for 2 h and their lungs were mechanically ventilated. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration, respiratory rate, inspiratory and expiratory O2 and CO2 concentrations, heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure were recorded every 10 min. Arterial blood gases were analysed every 20 min. Among the treatment groups, differences in isoflurane MAC were tested using GLM and Tukey's method for further comparison; P < 0.05 was adopted as significant. Isoflurane MAC was 1.9 +/- 0.3%. MTZ reduced isoflurane MAC to 0.6 +/- 0.1%. Additional morphine or buprenorphine reduced the MTZ isoflurane MAC further to 0.4 +/- 0.2 and 0.3 +/- 0.1%, respectively. During MTZ, MTZ/M and MTZ/B mean arterial blood pressure was higher and the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference was lower compared with ISO. In conclusion, induction of anaesthesia with MTZ reduced the isoflurane MAC in pigs by 68%. Additional epidural morphine or systemic buprenorphine decreased MTZ isoflurane MAC by 33 and 50%, respectively.     

Relationship of feline bispectral index to multiples of isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration

The study reported here was done to determine the relationship between bispectral index (BIS) values and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples of isoflurane in cats. Isoflurane MAC was determined using the tail-clamp method in eight domestic cats. Ten days later, the cats were anesthetized a second time with isoflurane at each of five MAC multiples administered in random order. Ventilation was controlled and, after a 20-min equilibration period at each MAC multiple of isoflurane, BIS data were collected for 5 min and the median BIS value calculated. Data from each isoflurane MAC multiple were compared using analysis of variance for repeated measures, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The MAC of isoflurane (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) was 1.8% +/- 0.2%. BIS values at 0.5 MAC could not be recorded due to spontaneous movement in all eight cats. BIS values at 2.0 MAC were confounded by burst suppression in seven of the eight cats. Over the range of 0.8 to 1.5 MAC, BIS values decreased significantly with increasing end-tidal isoflurane concentrations. Mean (+/- 1 standard deviation) BIS measurements were 32 +/- 3 at 0.8 MAC, 20 +/- 4 at 1.0 MAC, and 5 +/- 3 at 1.5 MAC. Therefore, BIS values are inversely and linearly related to end-tidal isoflurane concentrations in anesthetized cats. However, the consistently low BIS values recorded in this study suggest that clinical BIS endpoints used to titrate anesthetic agents in humans may not be applicable to cats.     

The Effect of Transdermal Delivery of Fentanyl on Activity in Growing Pigs

Recently, decreased activity levels have been observed in pigs treated postoperatively with transdermal delivery of fentanyl (TD-fentanyl) after isoflurane anaesthesia. Whether the change in behaviour is related to opioid-induced sedation or to insufficient pain relief remains to be investigated. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the effect of TD-fentanyl 50 μg h^-1 on the activity level with and without isoflurane anaesthesia. Eight pigs (25.4 ± 5.2 kg) were submitted to a cross-over study and given two treatments; 1) fentanyl patch applied after 30 minutes of anaesthesia (treatment A/F) and 2) fentanyl patch without anaesthesia (treatment F). The pigs' behaviour was observed from a video recording instantaneously every 10 minutes for 24 h before treatments and up to 72 h after the patch attachment. Venous blood samples were taken 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the patch application. The behaviour recordings showed that TD-fentanyl did not produce sedation in any pig. No differences were found between the two treatments in activity level, weight gain or serum fentanyl concentration. This concentration measured after 24 h was 0.27 ± 0.11 ng ml^-1 and 0.47 ± 0.40 ng ml^-1 in the A/F and F group, respectively.     

Potency of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in conventional swine

The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in oxygen (O2) was determined to be 1.55 +/- 0.08 (SEM) volumes % in twelve pigs (Sus scrofa). Values for isoflurane MAC in the presence of 50% (I-50%N2O) and 66% (I-66%N2O) nitrous oxide were determined in nine and six of these same animals, respectively, and equalled 1.03 +/- 0.05 vol % for I-50%N2O and 0.95 +/- 0.07 vol % for I-66%N2O. Animals respired spontaneously and arterial blood pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), rectal body temperature, and arterial blood gases (PO2, PCO2, and pH) were recorded throughout the study period. These parameters were within normal limits near MAC for all three gas combinations. The MAC for isoflurane in swine was similar to that for other animals and, man and the use of this agent was associated with rapid and uneventful anesthetic induction and recovery. The addition of 50% and 66% nitrous oxide (N2O) reduced the isoflurane MAC by 30% and 42%, respectively.     

Effects of Methadone on the Minimum Anesthetic Concentration of Isoflurane,and Its Effects on Heart Rate,Blood Pressure and Ventilation during Isoflurane Anesthesia in Hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

The aim of this study was to measure the temporal effects of intramuscular methadone administration on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in hens, and to evaluate the effects of the isoflurane-methadone combination on heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure and ventilation. Thirteen healthy adult hens weighing 1.7 ± 0.2 kg were used. The MAC of isoflurane was determined in each individual using the bracketing method. Subsequently, the reduction in isoflurane MAC produced by methadone (3 or 6 mg kg^-1, IM) was determined by the up-and-down method. Stimulation was applied at 15 and 30 minutes, and at 45 minutes if the bird had not moved at 30 minutes. Isoflurane MAC reduction was calculated at each time point using logistic regression. After a washout period, birds were anesthetized with isoflurane and methadone, 6 mg kg^-1 IM was administered. Heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, blood gas values and invasive blood pressure were measured at 1.0 and 0.7 isoflurane MAC, and during 45 minutes after administration of methadone once birds were anesthetized with 0.7 isoflurane MAC. Fifteen minutes after administration of 3 mg kg^-1 of methadone, isoflurane MAC was reduced by 2 (-9 to 13)% [logistic regression estimate (95% Wald confidence interval)]. Administration of 6 mg kg^-1 of methadone decreased isoflurane MAC by 29 (11 to 46)%, 27 (-3 to 56)% and 10 (-8 to 28)% after 15, 30 and 45 minutes, respectively. Methadone (6 mg kg^-1) induced atrioventricular block in three animals and ventricular premature contractions in two. Methadone caused an increase in arterial blood pressure and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, while heart rate and pH decreased. Methadone, 6 mg kg^-1 IM significantly reduced isoflurane MAC by 30% in hens 15 minutes after administration. At this dose, methadone caused mild respiratory acidosis and increase in systemic blood pressure.     

Comparative effects of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the electroencephalogram of the rat

Inhalant anaesthetic agents are commonly used in studies investigating the electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of noxious stimuli in animals. Halothane causes less EEG depression than isoflurane, however, the EEG effects of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane have not been compared in the same model. This study aimed to compare the EEG effects of these inhalational agents in the rat. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups and anaesthetized with halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane. EEG was recorded from the left and right somatosensory cortices for 5 min at three different multiples of minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) (1.25, 1.5 and 1.75). Median, 95% spectral edge frequency and total power were derived and a single mean value for each was calculated for the first 60 s of each recording period. When the raw EEG contained burst suppression (BS), the BS ratio (BSR) over 60 s was calculated. No BS was found in EEG recorded from the halothane group at any concentration. BS was present at all concentrations with the other anaesthetic agents. BS was almost complete at all concentrations of isoflurane, whereas BSR increased significantly with increasing concentrations of sevoflurane and desflurane. No significant differences were found between the BSR due to the 1.75 MAC multiple of isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane. Halothane causes significantly less depression of cortical activity than the newer inhalant agents at equivalent multiples of MAC. These data support the hypothesis that halothane has a fundamentally different mechanism of action than the other inhalant agents.     

Measurement of the lung and skin excretion of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> during anesthesia

A mass spectrometer with capillary and membrane interfaces was used during anesthesia to deliver the gas mixture from the breathing circuit of the inhalation anesthesia machine (IAM) into the ionic source of an analyzer and to measure the concentration of CO₂ released from the skin in real time. The extent of the stress response during surgery correlated with the time course of changes in the concentrations of CO₂ released from the lungs and skin. The CO₂ concentration and the BIS index of changes in EEG frequency spectrum were measured simultaneously during intravenous total propofol–fentanyl anesthesia. The BIS index and the concentrations of CO₂ released from the lungs and skin were found to correlate with the most traumatic steps of the surgical procedure.     

Isoflurane anesthesia blunts cerebral responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli: a fMRI study

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine how isoflurane affected cerebral neuronal activation resulting from noxious and innocuous stimuli. Five male volunteers were subjected to mild electrical shock and tactile stimuli applied to the hand. During low (0.7%) and moderate (1.3%) isoflurane anesthesia the stimuli were repeated and a supramaximal electrical shock was also applied. Tactile stimulation activated bilateral SI and SII, but resulted in no significant activation at low or moderate anesthesia. Electrical shock activated contralateral SI and bilateral SII; low anesthesia completely abolished this response. The supramaximal stimulus activated the caudate nucleus and bilateral thalamus at low anesthesia; these responses were diminished at moderate anesthesia. Isoflurane anesthesia blunts cerebral responses to somatosensory stimuli, and the absence of cortical activation during supramaximal stimulation suggests that noxious-induced movement is generated in lower CNS structures.     

Effect of midazolam and butorphanol premedication on inhalant isoflurane anesthesia in mice

Isoflurane is a representative inhalant anesthesia used in laboratory animals. However, isoflurane mediates respiratory depression and adverse clinical reactions during induction. In the present study, we established a novel balanced anesthesia method in mice that combined isoflurane anesthesia with midazolam and butorphanol (MB). Thirty-four male C57BL/6J mice received either isoflurane alone or isoflurane with an intra-peritoneal MB premedication (3 mg/kg midazolam and 4 mg/kg butorphanol). The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in each group was evaluated. Induction time and adverse clinical reactions were recorded in each group. Core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation (SPO₂) were assessed before and for 1 h after induction. Premedication with MB achieved a significant reduction in MAC compared with isoflurane monoanesthesia (isoflurane, 1.38 ± 0.15%; isoflurane with MB, 0.78 ± 0.10%; P<0.05). Induction time was significantly shortened with MB premedication, and adverse reactions such as excitement or incontinence were observed less frequently. Furthermore, isoflurane anesthesia with MB premedication caused increase of respiratory rates compared to isoflurane monoanesthesia. No significant decrease of SPO₂ was observed in MBI anesthesia, while a decrease in SPO₂ was apparent with isoflurane monoanesthesia (baseline, 98.3% ± 1.1; 10 min after induction, 91.8 ± 6.4%; P<0.05). In conclusion, premedication with MB was effective for the mitigation of respiratory depression induced by isoflurane in mice, with rapid induction and fewer adverse clinical reactions.     

异氟烷单独或联合咪达唑仑对7日龄大鼠大脑caspase-3表达的影响

目的 观察异氟烷单独或联合咪达唑仑对7日龄大鼠大脑caspase-3表达的影响.方法 7日龄SD大鼠39只,随机分为对照组(C组,n=13),异氟烷组(I组,n=13)和咪达唑仑联合异氟烷组(MI组,n=13).C组:腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水10ml/kg,吸入30%O2 6 h;I组:在37℃恒温并通入1.5%异氟烷的麻醉小室内维持麻醉6h ;MI组:腹腔注射咪达唑仑9 mg/kg后,随即置于37℃恒温并通入1.5%异氟烷的麻醉小室内维持麻醉6h.麻醉结束即刻每组取3只大鼠,行动脉血气分析.麻醉结束2h 采用Realtime-PCR方法检测皮质和海马组织Caspase-3 mRNA水平的变化;并用免疫组织化学SABC法检测大脑Active caspase-3阳性神经细胞的分布情况,计数阳性细胞.结果 ⑴ I组和MI组大鼠麻醉结束即刻动脉血气分析结果与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).⑵ Realtime-PCR 结果显示,I组与MI组大鼠皮质和海马区Caspase-3 mRNA与对照组相比表达增多,且MI组与I组比较Caspase-3 mRNA表达增加(P<0.05).⑶免疫组化结果也显示:与对照组相比,I组与MI组大鼠在皮质、海马及丘脑部位Active caspase-3阳性神经细胞数量均明显增多 (P<0.05),而MI组与I组相比,在海马和丘脑部位Active caspase-3阳性神经细胞数量明显增多(P<0.05).结论 异氟烷麻醉能诱导脑发育高峰期大鼠重要脑区Caspase-3表达增加,联合应用咪达唑仑增加更明显;推测Caspase-3表达增加可能引起凋亡级联反应,导致神经细胞凋亡增加.     

Estimation of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for halothane, enflurane and isoflurane in spontaneously breathing guinea pigs

MAC for halothane, enflurane and isoflurane was determined in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to constant anesthetic concentrations (2.5 hours each) in a flow-through glass chamber. The following values were obtained (N = 8 for each anesthetic): 1.01 +/- 0.03 vol% for halothane, 2.17 +/- 0.04 vol% for enflurane, and 1.15 +/- 0.05 vol% for isoflurane. In guinea pigs, MAC for halothane and enflurane are similar to those reported for other rodents, while MAC for isoflurane is lower. The data indicate that guinea pigs possibly are more susceptible to isoflurane's anesthetic actions than other rodents.     

Anesthetic requirement of isoflurane is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats

The isoflurane requirement to keep 50% of rats (Rattus norvegicus) unresponsive to noxious stimuli (MAC) was determined in age matched Sprague-Dawley (SD, n = 8), Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR, n = 8) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, n = 8) strains. Following induction and orotracheal intubation, each rat received isoflurane (1.65% end-tidal) for 120 minutes. Physiologic parameters were similar except for expected differences in mean arterial pressure (148 +/- 13mmHg-SHR group, 101 +/- 10mmHg-SD group and 94 +/- 12mmHg-WKY group [mean +/- standard deviation]). Anesthetic equilibration was verified by infrared analysis of end-tidal gases. MAC was then determined in each rat by the tail clamp method and a group MAC calculated.     

Cardiopulmonary,hematological, serum biochemical and behavioral effects of sevoflurane compared with isoflurane or halothane in spontaneously ventilating goats

This study compares cardiopulmonary, hematological, serum biochemical and behavioral effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane or halothane anesthesia in spontaneously breathing, conventionally medicated goats. Six male adult goats were anesthetized repeatedly at 2-week intervals with three anesthetics. Goats were administered atropine (0.1 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and 10 min later, induced to anesthesia by an intravenous infusion of thiopental (mean 14.3 mg/kg). After intubation, goats were anesthetized with halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen and maintained at surgical depth of anesthesia for 3 h. Recovery from anesthesia with sevoflurane was more rapid than that with isoflurane or halothane. Time-related hypercapnia and acidosis were observed during halothane anesthesia, but not observed during sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia. Both hypercapnia and acidosis during sevoflurane anesthesia did not differ from isoflurane anesthesia, but were less during halothane anesthesia, especially at prolonged maintenance period. There were no significant differences between anesthetics in respiration and heart rates, arterial pressures, hematological and serum biochemical values. It was concluded that sevoflurane is an effective inhalant for use in goats showing the most rapid recovery from anesthesia, and that cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane are similar to isoflurane than halothane.     

Reduction of isoflurane MAC with buprenorphine and morphine in rats

Preoperative analgesics are being increasingly used to provide analgesia in the intraoperative and postoperative period. Opioids reduce anaesthetic requirements, although the effect varies with the different drug and species. The aim of this work was to determine whether buprenorphine reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in a dose-related fashion, and whether this effect is similar to morphine when clinical doses of both drugs are used in the rat. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were anaesthetized with isoflurane, and MAC was determined before and after the administration of either buprenorphine or morphine. MAC of isoflurane was determined from alveolar gas samples when a standard noxious stimulus, in the form of a tail clamp, was applied. The duration and degree of reduction of the MAC of isoflurane were recorded. Basic cardiovascular and respiratory measurements were also recorded. Buprenorphine (10, 30 and 100 microg/kg) and morphine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) reduced in a dose-dependent fashion the MAC of isoflurane by 15%, 30% and 50%, respectively. Buprenorphine resulted in less cardiovascular and respiratory depression and had a longer-lasting action than morphine. In conclusion, buprenorphine has a dose-related isoflurane sparing effect in the rat similar to that caused by morphine at clinical doses of both drugs.     

Bispectral Index Analysis of Opioid Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk

Abstract: We immobilized elk with either isoflurane to produce general anesthesia (control), 0.01 mg/kg carfentanil plus 0.1 mg/kg xylazine, or 0.25 mg/kg butorphanol plus 0.4 mg/kg azaperone plus 0.15 mg/kg medetomidine (BAM) and measured the bispectral index (BIS). The carfentanil-xylazine BIS (70.4 + 1.4) and the BAM BIS (60.2 + 1.5) were higher than the control BIS (47.2 + 4.1; P ≤ 0.001). These data indicate that opioids produce neuroleptanalgesia and not general anesthesia or sedation, which explains observed elk responses to these drugs.     

Comparison of the effects of volatile anesthetics in varying concentrations on brain energy metabolism with brain ischemia in rats

The effects of varying concentrations and types of volatile anesthetics on neurochemical sequelae of brain ischemia were evaluated in the rat. Rats were assigned to treatment defined by a 3×3 design (anesthetic type and dose) with 5 rats/cell. Each group received halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 MAC (minimal alevolar concentration). This was followed by preischemic plasma glucose sampling, 5 min hypotension (30 mmHg) and 5 min decapitation cerebral ischemia. Preischemia plasma glucose increased with increasing anesthetic concentration and was highest in the isoflurane groups, varying from a low (±SD) of 7.19±1.79 mol/ml in the 0.5 MAC halothane group to a high of 12.68±3.65 mol/ml in the 2.0 MAC isoflurane group. End-ischemic brain lactate correlated with preischemic plasma glucose (r=0.5, =0.5). We conclude that increasing concentration of volatile anesthesia with iv phenylephrine blood pressure support produces higher levels of plasma glucose and brain lactate with cerebral ischemia.     

Isoflurane induces second window of preconditioning through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat heart

The second window of preconditioning (SWOP) induced by inhalation of volatile anesthetics has been documented in the rat heart and is triggered by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but involvement of NOS in the mediator phase of isoflurane-induced SWOP has not been demonstrated. We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane-induced SWOP is mediated through upregulation of inducible NOS (iNOS). Rats inhaled 0.75 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane, 1.5 MAC isoflurane, or O2 for 2 h. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the isolated heart was perfused with buffer and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Inhalation of 0.75 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane significantly limited infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion 24-72 h after isoflurane inhalation. The maximum effect was obtained 48 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane. Postischemic left ventricular function was improved only 48 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane. iNOS expression and activity in the heart were increased 24-72 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane; this increase was less pronounced after inhalation of 0.75 MAC isoflurane. A selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400W (10 microM), abolished iNOS activation and cardioprotection induced 48 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane. These results suggest that isoflurane inhalation induces SWOP after 24-72 h through overexpression and activation of iNOS in the rat heart.     

CaMKⅡ在大鼠异氟烷全麻机制中的作用研究

目的:探讨磷酸化钙调蛋白依赖性激酶Ⅱ(pCaMKⅡ)在异氟烷吸入全身麻醉作用中的作用及相关机制。方法:采用经侧脑室置管全脑给药,将SD大鼠随机分为溶剂对照组(control组)和CaMKⅡ抑制剂十四烷酰肉豆蔻酰-钙调蛋白自变性抑制肽(myrAIP)处理组(n=10),给药40min后行异氟烷吸入麻醉(1MAC,30min),监测动物脑电,取脑电波平稳清晰的波段,在异氟烷麻醉30min时间点进行分析,并于异氟烷麻醉30min取脑组织样本进行蛋白定量分析。结果:抑制剂组动物给药30min时脑电抑制波明显多于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,抑制剂组脑组织pCaMKⅡ蛋白表达量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:CaMKⅡ抑制剂能明显改变异氟烷全麻过程中大鼠的脑电变化及磷酸化蛋白表达变化,pCaMKⅡα参与了异氟烷全身麻醉的过程。     

Isoflurane plus nitrous oxide versus propofol for recording of motor evoked potentials after high frequency repetitive electrical stimulation

The goal of this study was to test the influence of two widespread techniques of general anesthesia on motor evoked potentials (MEP) in response to transcranial and direct cortical high frequency repetitive electrical stimulation. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) based on propofol and alfentanil was examined in 17 patients (group A), and balanced anesthesia (BA), based on nitrous oxide, isoflurane and fentanyl, was studied in 13 patients (group B). Distinct motor responses were available in 15 of 17 patients (88%) of group A, and in one of 13 patients (8%) of group B. Amplitudes increased significantly with increasing stimulus intensity and number of pulses under conditions of TIVA. At the same time, latencies decreased significantly with increasing stimulus intensity and decreasing interstimulus interval, but not with increasing number of pulses. It is hypothesized that propofol suppresses corticospinal I-waves at the cortical level, resulting in a conduction block at the level of the α-motoneuron, and that this effect may be overcome by high frequency repetitive stimulation. In contrast, nitrous oxide and isoflurane seem to have an additional suppressive effect on corticospinal D-waves, which may be overcome by higher stimulation intensity. In conclusion, transcranial high frequency repetitive stimulation and TIVA provide a feasible setting for intraoperative MEP monitoring, while higher doses of nitrous oxide and isoflurane are not compatible with recording of muscular activity elicited by the stimulation technique as described.     

瑞芬太尼在全髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果观察

目的探讨瑞芬太尼在全髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果。方法将80例全髋关节置换术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组采用咪达唑仑、依托咪酯、舒芬太尼、罗库溴铵行全麻诱导,以丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和阿曲库铵行麻醉维持;对照组采用咪达唑仑、依托咪酯、舒芬太尼、罗库溴铵行全麻诱导,以丙泊酚、芬太尼和阿曲库铵行麻醉维持。观察两组患者T0~T3各时点MAP和HR的变化情况以及手术时间、苏醒时间和语言恢复时间。结果观察组苏醒时间和语言恢复时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼用于全髋关节置换术中患者苏醒时间快,且手术过程血压、心率相对平稳,具有临床应用价值。