保鲜剂对山茶花切花保鲜效果的研究

以山茶花为材料,使用20 g/L蔗糖+50 mg/L SA+0.2 mmol/L STS+30 mg/L 6-BA+75 mg/L Al2(SO4)3配制成的保鲜剂,以蒸馏水作为对照,研究保鲜剂对山茶花鲜切花采后生理指标的影响。结果表明:该保鲜剂处理可有效减缓山茶花可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的下降,抑制游离脯氨酸含量、MDA含量以及细胞膜相对透性的上升幅度,延缓POD活性的下降。该保鲜剂具有明显的延缓山茶花鲜切花衰老的效果。     

含Al2(SO4)3的保鲜剂对百合切花的保鲜效应

百合保鲜方法,特别是采后生理及保鲜机制的报道不多.目前使用的切花保鲜剂大都含有硝酸银、硫代硫酸银一类的乙烯拮抗剂,价格昂贵,且银离子对人体有害,易污染环境.本文探讨含Al2(SO4)3的保鲜剂对百合切花的保鲜效应.     

西番莲采后品质劣变及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

西番莲(Passiflora caerulea)是一种营养丰富的热带亚热带特色水果,采后易发生果实品质劣变现象,是制约采后西番莲果实保鲜期的重要因素。本文就西番莲采后果实褶皱及失重、果皮色泽变化、营养物质含量减少和采后病害发生等品质劣变机理,及其低温、热处理、包装、1-MCP、多糖和化学保鲜剂等西番莲果实采后保鲜技术的国内外相关研究进行综述,以期为维持西番莲果实贮藏品质、延长果实保鲜期提供指导。     

菊花切花瓶插期间的生理变化

菊花品种黑荷(Dendranthema morifolium),初开时采剪,留10 cm花枝和两片叶子,分别插入盛蒸馏水(对照)和保鲜剂(2％蔗糖 70ppm硝酸钙 33ppm柠檬酸 30ppm硝酸银)的50ml三角瓶中,置于室内散射光下。从瓶插开始每隔4     

非洲菊切花保鲜研究进展

非洲菊作为世界五大切花之一,在全球应用很广。采后利用冷藏保鲜和药剂保鲜成为延长其观赏寿命和提高观赏价值的主要途径和经济有效的方法。在此,综述了近年来在非洲菊采后保鲜领域的研究进展．并简要说明了一些保鲜剂的特点和作用原理。     

四种鲜切花保鲜剂的筛选

本文研究了四种鲜切花(唐菖蒲、月季、康乃馨和鹤望兰)的保鲜剂配方,观测各种保鲜剂对切花外观品质和瓶插寿命的影响,从中筛选出各种鲜切花的较佳保鲜剂,并讨论了组成保鲜剂配方的各种成分(糖、杀菌剂、有机酸、无机盐、乙烯抑制剂和拮抗剂以及植物生长调节剂)的作用。     

抑制水果采后致腐真菌的植物资源研究进展

新鲜水果采摘后易受周围环境的病原微生物特别是真菌侵染而腐烂。开发水果防腐保鲜剂,降低水果腐烂率,不仅有助于人体健康,也减少了经济损失和资源浪费。用植物资源及其提取物制成的植物源水果防腐保鲜剂具有安全、环境友好对人、动物等非靶标生物无害或毒性较小等优点,已成为水果保鲜领域的研究热点。本文对水果采后主要病害和致腐真菌、易感染水果及主要症状等进行总结,对具有抑制致腐真菌活性的植物资源及研究状况进行概述,为后期植物源防腐保鲜剂的开发提供参考。     

亚精胺对瓶插唐菖蒲切花的生理效应

以亚精胺代替常用保鲜剂中的AgNO。处理瓶插唐宫蒲（G＊无心a仲讪。洲）品种大桔红的切花。保鲜剂组成有两种,一种为IcX10‘mol／L亚精胶十SOOmg／L柠檬酸十2％蔗糖十250mg／L8一羟基喷淋;另一种为常用保鲜剂,由50mg／LAgNO。＋500mg／L柠檬酸十2％蔗糖十250mg／L8一羟基喷淋。以清水为对照。每瓶处理18枝花,分装6个盛有500ml保鲜剂的棕色广口瓶中。花枝上包上薄布后,置80”C热水中浸l～2min,至枝条中气体赶出为止,快速移入保鲜液中,置于无阳光直射,21～26C和RH为80％士15％处。还原糖测定用斐林试剂比色法。测定PH时．…     

白姜花根茎提取物抑菌效果及在冷鲜肉上的保鲜应用

为开发天然复合防腐剂,实现白姜花根茎(姜根)有效利用,本研究采用滤纸片法对姜根提取物的抗菌能力进行了测定,针对感官评价、液汁流失、菌落总数和肉样p H值这四方面研究了姜根提取物和复配保鲜剂的保鲜效果。结果表明:姜根提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、青霉均有抑菌作用;浓度为70%姜根提取物对冷鲜肉的保鲜效果最佳;而姜蒜复配保鲜剂(体积比为1:1)保鲜效果略优于浓度为70%姜根提取物保鲜剂,研究结果将为天然防腐剂的开发利用提供理论依据。     

中国全肿腿蜂属种类记述(膜翅目,肿腿蜂科)

系统研究了我国全肿腿蜂属HolepyrisKieffer,190 4的种类 ,记录 7新种中国 2新纪录种和 1已知种共 10种 ,包括采自山东、浙江、福建、台湾和贵州的热海全肿腿蜂H .atamiensis (Ashmead) ,采自河南的瘦全肿腿蜂H .macilentussp .nov .,采自福建的角唇全肿腿蜂H .angulatussp .nov .,采自山东的黄足全肿腿蜂H .fulvussp .nov .,采自浙江和甘肃的褐足全肿腿蜂H .fuscussp .nov .,采自浙江和福建的惹全肿腿蜂H .yambaruTerayama ,采自浙江的古田山全肿腿蜂H .gutianshanensissp .nov .,采自浙江和福建的中华全肿腿蜂H .sinensissp .nov .,采自山东的细胸全肿腿蜂H .susanowoTerayama和采自浙江的伊文思全肿腿蜂H .evansisp .nov .。全部模式标本保存于浙江大学植物保护系寄生蜂标本室。热海全肿腿蜂Holepyrisatamiensis (Ashmead ,190 4)(图 1～ 2 )分布 :中国 (山东 ,浙江 ,福建 ,台湾 ,贵州 ) ;日本。瘦全肿腿蜂 ,新种Holepyrismacilentussp .nov .(图 3～ 4,9)分布 :中国 (河南 )。鉴定标本 :正模♀ ,1998 0 7 14,河南内乡宝天曼 ,陈学新采 ,编号 98873 1。角唇全肿腿蜂 ,新种Holepyrisangulatussp .nov.(图 5～ 6)分布 :中国 (福建 )。鉴定标本 :正模♂ ,1994 0 7 14,福建武夷山桐木 ,陈学新采 ,编号 94     

香椿起源和分类地位的研究

依据植物地理学和被子植物起源的理论,研究香椿起源问题。根据研究,推测香椿起源于印度东北部和缅甸及其邻近地区。同时回顾了香椿分类地位的演变历史,香椿属于楝科香椿属已无疑义。但是,根据香椿等位酶分析证明,香椿品种间确实存在差异,确定香椿存在变种,尚需发现、研究和命名。     

Regulatory mechanism of Toona sinensis on mouse leydig cell steroidogenesis

Toona sinensis (TS), a kind of arbor, widely distributes nowadays in Asia. The leaves of TS have been used as an effective nutritious food in Chinese society for a long time. It was reported that Toona sinensis can induce apoptosis of cancer cells, reduce plasma glucose in diabetic rats, and improve lipolysis of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocyte and its uptake of glucose. It has also been shown that TS may increase dynamic activity of human sperm. Thus, we are interested to investigate whether Toona sinensis has any effect on mouse Leydig cell testosterone production, which correlates to sperm activity. Primary mouse Leydig cells were purified to conduct the in vitro experiments. Different concentrations of crude Toona sinensis were added to primary mouse Leydig cells and the testosterone production was determined. The results showed that crude TS significantly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone productions in dose dependent manner, respectively (P<0.05). Crude TS also reduced the forskolin- and dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP)-stimulated testosterone production (P<0.05), which indicated that crude TS might affect protein kinase A (PKA) signal transduction pathway at the site after the formation of cyclic AMP. Moreover, TS inhibited Leydig cell steroidogenesis by suppressing the activity of steroidogenic enzymes including P450 side chain cleavage enzyme, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 20 alpha-hydroxylase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P<0.05). In summary, these results suggested that TS inhibited steroidogenesis by suppressing the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and the activities of steroidogenic enzymes in normal mouse Leydig cells.     

Identification of intergenomic translocations involving wheat,Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum chilense chromosomes by FISH

Intergenomic translocations between wheat, Hordeum chilense and Hordeum vulgare have been obtained in tritordeum background. Advanced lines from the crosses between three disomic chromosome addition lines for chromosome 2Hv, 3Hv, and 4Hv of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and hexaploid tritordeum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBHchHch) were analyzed. Multicolor FISH using both genomic DNA from H. chilense and H. vulgare were used to establish the presence and numbers of H. vulgare introgressions into tritordeum. Interspecific H. vulgare/H. chilense and intergeneric wheat/H. vulgare and wheat/H. chilense translocations were identified. Frequencies of plants containing different kinds of intergenomic translocations between chromosome arms are presented. These lines can be useful for introgressing into tritordeum characters of interest from H. vulgare.     

'昆虫的荷马'——法布尔

法布尔是19世纪法国著名的昆虫学家。他一生观察和研究蜣螂、蝉、土蜂、泥蜂、萤火虫、大蚕蛾、螳螂、蚱蜢和蟋蟀等昆虫的行为、习性,阐述昆虫的本能,并用20年时间,完成了巨作《昆虫记》,在世界各地产生了广泛的影响,被誉为“昆虫的荷马”。当今在我国翻译出版了多种版本的《昆虫记》,推动了昆虫知识的普及,为引导青少年热爱生命、亲近昆虫作出了贡献。     

Different modifications by vanillin in cytotoxicity and genetic changes induced by EMS and H2O2 in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

The modifying effects of vanillin on the cytotoxicity and 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistant mutations induced by two different types of chemical mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were examined using cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. The effects of vanillin on H2O2-induced chromosome aberrations were also examined. Vanillin had a dose-dependent enhancing effect on EMS-induced cytotoxicity and 6TG-resistant mutations, when cells were simultaneously treated with vanillin. The post-treatment with vanillin during the mutation expression time of cells after treatment with EMS also showed an enhancement of the frequency of mutations induced by EMS. However, vanillin suppressed the cytotoxicity induced by H2O2 when cells were post-treated with vanillin after H2O2 treatment. Vanillin showed no change in the absence of activity of H2O2 to induce mutations. Post-treatment with vanillin also suppressed the chromosome aberrations induced by H2O2. The differential effects of vanillin were probably due to the quality of mutagen-induced DNA lesions and vanillin might influence at least two different kinds of cellular repair functions. The mechanisms by which vanillin enhances or suppresses chemical-induced cytotoxicity, mutations and chromosome aberrations are discussed.     

Germplasm resources research of Toona sinensis with RAPD and isoenzyme analysis

Collected from Chinese mainland, 25 samples of Toona sinensis seed were planted in a standard garden. Three years later, samples were analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isoenzymes variants of cytochrome oxidase and peroxidases. Results of RAPD and isoenzymes variants were analyzed with software POPGENE32 and SPSS10.0 respectively. Phylogenetic trees were calculated from the clustered result of RAPD and isoenzymes variants. Such additional factors as leaves color, latitude and altitude of original seeds were analyzed at the same time. Our result suggested that a general similarity is concurred with the three analyses as RAPD, isoenzymes variants analysis of peroxidases and cytochrome oxidase. Two clusters can be separated from the sample collected as southern and northern ones. In the evolutionary history, a migrating route in the direction from West-South to East-North and with sequential differentiation in the direction South-North can be decided if only it is true with the argument that Toona sinensis came from tropic Asia, the border of east-north India and Burma.     

野生中华鲟水族馆驯养观察

2005年4月3日~7月31日期间以捕捞于长江宜昌江段的野生中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)为研究材料,对其在水族馆中的驯养方法进行了研究。结果表明,野生中华鲟摄食的饲料品种由1种逐渐增加至6种,日摄食量由120 g逐渐增加至2 000 g并逐渐趋于稳定,说明水族馆驯养池的环境适合野生中华鲟的生存。     

Antimutagenic activity of extracts from anticancer drugs in Chinese medicine

The antimutagenic activities of extracts of 36 commonly used anticancer crude drugs from Chinese herbs were studied by using the Salmonella/microsomal system in the presence of picrolonic acid or benzo[a]pyrene to test whether they contain direct or indirect antimutagens. Each crude drug was extracted with boiling water for 2 h, the method which is commonly used by Chinese people to prepare the drug for oral intake. The extracts of Pteris multifida P. showed the highest antimutagenic activity against picrolonic acid-induced mutation. The extracts of 6 other different kinds of Chinese herbs were shown to have a moderate antimutagenic activity against picrolonic acid-induced mutation, and they are: Actinidia chinensis P., Artemisia lavendulaefolia DC. and Crotalaria sessiflora L., Prunella vulgaris L., Paris polyphylla S. and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata T. The extracts of Smilax china L., Prunella vulgaris L. and Actinidia chinensis P. were demonstrated to inhibit the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene completely. The 12 other kinds of extracts of Chinese herbs which had a moderate antimutagenic activity against benzo[a]pyrene were: Pteris polyphylla S., Ampelopsis brevipedunculata T., Duchesnea indica F., Gossypium herbaceum L., Lithospermum erythrorrhizon SZ., Artemisia lavendulaefolia DC., Selaginella doederleinii H., Dianthus superbus L., Centipeda minima ABA., Curcuma zedoaria R., Marsdenia tenacissima WA. and Kalopanax septemlobus K. Among them, there were 5 kinds of crude drugs, Actinidia chinensis P., Artemisia lavendulaefolia DC., Prunella vulgaris L., Paris polyphylla S. and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata T., containing antimutagenic factors against both picrolonic acid- and benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutation.     

Use of grafting to prevent Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage to new world Meliaceae species

The susceptible species Cedrela odorata and Swietenia macrophylla to attack by Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) larvae were grafted onto the resistant species Khaya senegalensis and Toona ciliata. Six-month-old grafted plants were then compared to their reciprocal grafts and to both intact (non-grafted) and autografted plants for damage due to H. grandella larvae and for their effects on larval performance. Two experiments were conducted: one in which the apical bud of the main plant shoot was inoculated with H. grandella eggs, and the other in which the bud was inoculated with third instars. Damage in each experiment was assessed by the number of frass piles, number and length of tunnels, number of damaged leaves, and damage to the apical bud. Larval performance was evaluated in terms of time to reach pupation and pupal weight and length. In both experiments, plant damage differed significantly among treatments (P < 0.03). Resistant rootstocks conferred resistance to susceptible scions. In both experiments, grafting by itself, regardless of the rootstock and scion combination, also reduced damage caused by H. grandella larvae. Scions of autografted susceptible species had similar resistance to susceptible scions grafted on resistant rootstocks. Few larvae reached pupation, and their pupal weight and length were similar.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒广东分离株的全基因克隆及序列分析

本研究以一株2006年广东省分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒A/Chicken/Guangdong/HL/2006(H9N2)(简称Ck/GD/HL/06)为研究对象,用RT-PCR法扩增病毒基因组各片段(包括5′端和3′端的非编码区序列),将扩增片段进行克隆、测序并与参考毒株的相应序列进行比较分析,绘制各基因片段的系统发生树。分析结果表明,Ck/GD/HL/06株的HA基因同1997年中国香港鸭源毒株Dk/HK/Y280/97(H9N2)在同一进化分支,从HA的糖基化位点、受体结合位点等综合分析,该毒株HA基因未发生明显的变异,符合我国大陆H9亚型禽流感病毒的特点。HA的226位氨基酸残基为亮氨酸(Leu),具有同哺乳动物SAα,2-6受体结合的特性。Ck/GD/HL/06的PB1、PA和NP基因,同2004年越南分离的人源高致病性H5N1亚型流感病毒A/VietNam/1203/2004(H5N1)株(简写A/VN/1203/04)的核苷酸序列一致性分别是93.8%、95%和96.8%,在先前的研究中未见有类似特性毒株的报道,而这种特性H9N2亚型AIV的出现,是否会增加在重组过程中产生新的高致病性H5N1亚型AIV的可能性,是值得我们关注的一个问题,也提醒在我国华南地区应更加重视防控H9N2亚型AIV,做好长期对H9N2亚型AIV监控及分子流行病学调查的工作。