Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Flag-leaf Ligule Length in Rice and Alignment with ZmLG1 Gene

A doubled haploid （DH） population, which consists of 120 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid‘CJ06＇/‘TNI＇, was used in this study. Ligule lengths of flag leaf were investigated for quantitative trait loci （QTL） mapping using the DH population. Five QTLs （qLL-2, qLL.4, qLL-6, qLL-IO and qLL-12） controlling the ligule length （LL） were detected on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12, with the variances explained 11.4%, 13.6%, 27.8%, 22.1% and 11.0%, respectively. Using four known genes of ZmGL1, ZmGL2, ZmGL3 and ZmGL4 in maize from the MaizeGDB, their homologs in rice were aligned and integrated into the existing simple sequence repeats linkage map by in silico mapping. A ZmLG1 homolog gene, OsLG1 encoding a squamosa promoter binding protein, was located between the markers RM255 and RM280, which is just identical to the interval of qLL.4 on the long arm of chromosome 4. The results are beneficial to dissection of the ligule molecular mechanism and the study of cereal evolution.     

水稻纹枯病抗性QTL分析

对灿稻窄叶青8号（ZYQ8）和粳稻京系17（JX17）以及由它们构建的加倍单倍体（DH）群体,分别在杭州和海南岛,采用注射器接种法进行纹枯病抗性鉴定,并使用该群体的分子链锁图谱进行数量性状座位（QTL）分析。共检测到4个抗纹枯病的QTL（qSBR-2、qSBR-3、qSBR-7和qSBR-11）,分别位于第2、第3、第7和第11染色体。其中qSBR-2、qSBR-3、qSBR-7的抗性基因由抗病亲本ZYQ8贡献,而qSBR-11的抗性基因来自感病亲本JX17。qSBR-2、qSBR-3、qSBR-7在杭州和海南岛都能检测到,而qSBR-11只在杭州检测到。在杭州的实验中,纹枯病病级与秆长和抽穗期呈显著负相关;在控制秆长和抽穗期的QTL中,控制秆长的qCL-3与qSBR-3位于同一染色体区域,其余QTL与抗纹枯病的QTL之间无连锁关系。     

水稻苗期耐旱性基因位点及其互作的分析

随着全球水资源的日益贫乏和旱灾的日趋严重,水稻耐旱性的研究越来越重要,对籼稻窄叶青8号（ZYQ8）和粳稻京系17（JX17）以及由它们构建的加倍单倍体（DH）群体,参照国际水稻研究所的耐旱鉴定方法,在苗期进行断水,调查期耐旱性,利用该群体的分子连锁图谱进行数量性状座位（QTL）区间作图分析,共检测到2个耐旱的QTL（qDT-5和qDT-12),分别位于第5染色体的GA41-GA257之间的和第12染色体的RG457-Y12817R之间,这两个QTL的加性效应均来自ZYQ8的等位基因,用Epistat软件检测到2个单位点,即GA257和Y12817R,与区间作图分析的结果一致,Epistat还检测到与GA257互作的3个位点（RG541、G318和G192,分别位于第1、4和8染色体上）和与Y12817R互作的1个位点（CT234,位于第3染色体上）。     

水稻柱头外露率的QTL分析

利用高柱头外露率的籼稻窄叶青8号(ZYQ8)和极低外露率的粳稻京系17(JX17)以及由它们构建的加倍单倍体(DH)群体,在海南对各DH株系的柱头外露率进行调查,并使用该群体的分子连锁图谱进行数量性状座位(QTL)分析。共检测到2个控制水稻柱头外露率的QTL(qPES-2,qPES-3),分别位于第2、第3染色体;并发现控制柱头单边外露率的QTL与柱头外露率完全一致,而控制柱头双边外露率的QTL在第2染色体上检测到;其增效基因均来源于ZYQ8。同时定位的控制穗粒数的QTL位于第6染色体和第8染色体上,与柱头外露率之间没有连锁关系。     

Mapping QTLs with epistatic effects and QTL×environment interactions for plant height using a doubled haploid population in cultivated wheat

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied using a set of 168 doubled haploid (DH) lines, which were derived from the cross Huapei 3/Yumai 57. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 283 SSR and 22 EST-SSR markers. The DH population and the parents were evaluated for wheat plant height in 2005 and 2006 in Tai’an and 2006 in Suzhou. QTL analyses were performed using the software of QTLNetwork version 2.0 based on the mixed linear model. Four additive QTLs and five pairs of epistatic effects were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 6A, 7B, and 7D. Among them, three additive QTLs and three pairs of epistatic QTLs showed QTL×environment interactions (QEs). Two major QTLs, Qph4B and Qph4D, which accounted for 14.51% and 20.22% of the phenotypic variation, were located similar to the reported locations of the dwarfing genes Rht1 and Rht2, respectively. The Qph3A-2 with additive effect was not reported in previous linkage mapping studies. The total QTL effects detected for the plant height explained 85.04% of the phenotypic variation, with additive effects 46.07%, epistatic effects 19.89%, and QEs 19.09%. The results showed that both additive effects and epistatic effects were important genetic bases of wheat plant height, which were subjected to environmental modifications, and caused dramatic changes in phenotypic effects. The information obtained in this study will be useful for manipulating the QTLs for wheat plant height by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

Mapping QTLs with epistatic effects and QTL×environment interactions for plant height using a doubled haploid population in cultivated wheat

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied using a set of 168 doubled haploid (DH) lines, which were derived from the cross Huapei 3/Yumai 57. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 283 SSR and 22 EST-SSR markers. The DH population and the parents were evaluated for wheat plant height in 2005 and 2006 in Tai'an and 2006 in Suzhou. QTL analyses were performed using the software of QTLNetwork version 2.0 based on the mixed linear model. Four additive QTLs and five pairs of epistatic effects were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 6A, 7B, and 7D. Among them, three additive QTLs and three pairs of epistatic QTLs showed QTLxenvironment interactions (QEs). Two major QTLs, QphAB and Qph4D, which accounted for 14.51 % and 20.22% of the phenotypic variation, were located similar to the reported locations of the dwarfing genes Rhtl and Rht2, respectively. The Qph3A-2 with additive effect was not reported in previous linkage mapping studies. The total QTL ef fects detected for the plant height explained 85.04% of the phenotypic variation, with additive effects 46.07%, epistatic effects 19.89%, and QEs 19.09%. The results showed that both additive effects and epistatic effects were important genetic bases of wheat plant height, which were subjected to environmental modifications, and caused dramatic changes in phenotypic effects. The information obtained in this study will be useful for manipulating the QTLs for wheat plant height by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

利用染色体单片段代换系定位水稻株高QTL

株高是典型的数量性状,易受遗传背景的干扰和环境因素的影响,利用单片段代换系（single segment substitution lines,SSSLs）能减少遗传背景的干扰。以85个单片段代换系为材料,其受体亲本为籼稻广陆矮4号（Oryzasativassp.in-dica）,供体亲本为粳稻日本晴（Oryza sativa ssp.japonica）。通过单因素方差分析和Dunnett’s多重比较,分析单片段代换系与受体亲本之间株高的差异,对代换片段上的株高QTL进行鉴定。以P≤0.001为阈值共检测到24个株高QTLs,分别分布于除第10染色体外的其它11条染色体上,其中3个QTLs的加性效应表现为减效作用,另外21个株高QTLs的加性效应表现为增效作用。QTLs加性效应变化范围为-6.5-31.74,加性效应百分率的变化范围为-8.81%-41.96%。该研究对进一步发掘和利用新的矮秆或半矮秆基因资源具有重要意义。     

基于单片段代换系的水稻穗长QTL加性及其上位性效应

穗长是影响水稻(Oryza sativa)产量的重要因子之一, 研究水稻穗长QTL间的上位性效应对于发掘水稻产量潜力具有重要意义。该研究以16个单片段代换系(single segment substitution lines, SSSLs)和15个双片段聚合系(double segmentpyramiding lines, DSPLs)为材料研究了水稻穗长QTL的加性及上位性效应。以P<0.01为阈值, 共检测到6个穗长QTL和9对基因互作座位。其中2个(Pl-2和Pl-10)是尚未报道的穗长QTL。穗长QTL互作后, 一些互作对的上位性效应与单个QTL的作用方式及效应大小各不相同, 预示着基因聚合后会产生不同的互作效应。该研究结果对于通过分子聚合育种手段改良穗长具有重要意义。     

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Plant Architecture Traits Using Whole Genome Re-Sequencing in Rice

Plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. Here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant shape-related traits in rice (Oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. To identify QTLs influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and flag leaf width. We performed QTL analysis with 178 F₇ recombinant in-bred lines (RILs) from a cross of japonica rice line ‘SNUSG1’ and indica rice line ‘Milyang23’. Using 131 molecular markers, including 28 insertion/deletion markers, we identified 11 main- and 16 minor-effect QTLs for the six traits with a threshold LOD value > 2.8. Our sequence analysis identified fifty-four candidate genes for the main-effect QTLs. By further comparison of coding sequences and meta-expression profiles between japonica and indica rice varieties, we finally chose 15 strong candidate genes for the 11 main-effect QTLs. Our study shows that the whole-genome sequence data substantially enhanced the efficiency of polymorphic marker development for QTL fine-mapping and the identification of possible candidate genes. This yields useful genetic resources for breeding high-yielding rice cultivars with improved plant architecture.     

基于单片段代换系的水稻穗长QTL加性及其上位性效应

穗长是影响水稻（Oryza sativa）产量的重要因子之一,研究水稻穗长QTL间的上位性效应对于发掘水稻产量潜力具有重要意义。该研究以16个单片段代换系（single segment substitution lines,SSSLs）和15个双片段聚合系（double segment pyramiding lines,DSPLs）为材料研究了水稻穗长QTL的加性及上位性效应。以P〈0.01为阈值,共检测到6个穗长QTL和9对基因互作座位。其中2个（Pl-2和Pl-10）是尚未报道的穗长QTL。穗长QTL互作后,一些互作对的上位性效应与单个QTL的作用方式及效应大小各不相同,预示着基因聚合后会产生不同的互作效应。该研究结果对于通过分子聚合育种手段改良穗长具有重要意义。     

粳稻穗部结构性状的QTL分析

利用温带粳稻‘沈农265’和‘丽江新团黑谷’构建的重组自交系群体,在沈阳和哈尔滨两地对15个穗部结构性状进行了QTL分析。共检测到61个相关QTL,其中沈阳检测到的38个QTL在第1、4、6、11和12号染色体上形成了sir-QTL簇;而在哈尔滨检测到的31个QTL也在第3、9和10号染色体上形成了QTL簇。仅有8个QTL是在两地同时被检测到的,分别是控制一次枝梗数#＇．jqPBN4、控制穗长的qPL6和qPL9、控制一次枝梗实粒数的qGNPB4、控制一次枝梗颖花数的qTSNPBJ、控制结实率的qPSSIO、以及控制着粒密度qSD3和qSD9。其中,qPBN4（最高表型贡献率43．2％）、qPL9（最高表型贡献率63．2％）、qGNPB4（最高表型贡献率30．9％）和qSD9（最高表型贡献率42．9％）是主效QTL。通过进一步的分析发现控制穗长qPL9和控制着粒密度qSD94于DEPl所在区间。同时控制一次枝梗数和一次枝梗实粒数的位于第4号染色体长臂端的穗部结构主效QTL,qPBN4qGNPB4极富研究与应用价值。     

Quantitative trait loci for glucosinolate accumulation in Brassica rapa leaves

Glucosinolates and their breakdown products have been recognized for their effects on plant defense, human health, flavor and taste of cruciferous vegetables. Despite this importance, little is known about the regulation of the biosynthesis and degradation in Brassica rapa. Here, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for glucosinolate accumulation in B. rapa leaves in two novel segregating double haploid (DH) populations is reported: DH38, derived from a cross between yellow sarson R500 and pak choi variety HK Naibaicai; and DH30, from a cross between yellow sarson R500 and Kairyou Hakata, a Japanese vegetable turnip variety. An integrated map of 1068 cM with 10 linkage groups, assigned to the international agreed nomenclature, is developed based on the two individual DH maps with the common parent using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and single sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Eight different glucosinolate compounds were detected in parents and F(1)s of the DH populations and found to segregate quantitatively in the DH populations. QTL analysis identified 16 loci controlling aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation, three loci controlling total indolic glucosinolate concentration and three loci regulating aromatic glucosinolate concentrations. Both comparative genomic analyses based on Arabidopsis-Brassica rapa synteny and mapping of candidate orthologous genes in B. rapa allowed the selection of genes involved in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway that may account for the identified QTL.     

水稻米粒延伸性的遗传剖析

以籼稻ZYQ8与粳稻JX17为亲本的DH群体作为研究材料,考察DH群体及双亲的米粒延伸率相关性状,并使用该群体的分子连锁图谱进行QTL分析.共检测到14个与稻米延伸性有关的QTL,包括2个粒长QTL、7个饭粒长QTL和5个米粒延伸率QTL,分别位于第1、2、3、5、6、7、10、11和12染色体.所有QTL的LOD值介于2.26～9.25,分别解释性状变异的5.31%～17.21%.在第3染色体上的G249～G164、第6染色体上的G30～RZ516和第10染色体上的G1082～GA223区间同时检测到控制饭粒长和米粒延伸率的QTL.米粒延伸性受多基因控制,Wx基因与位于第6染色体上的qCRE-6的G30～RZ516区间相近,对米饭的延伸性具重要影响.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling common bunt resistance in a doubled haploid population derived from the spring wheat cross RL4452 × AC Domain

Wheat resistance to common bunt is a highly desirable trait for environmentally friendly grain grade protection. Valuable breeding achievements have been made to develop wheat varieties with enhanced resistance to the disease, and mapping of race-specific resistance genes has been reported. However, less is known of the chromosomal regions that control non-race specific resistance to common bunt. In this study, we have characterized a segregating population of 185 doubled haploid spring wheat lines derived from the cross RL4452 × AC Domain. Reactions to a mixture of common bunt races were assessed under field simulated spring-sown conditions in greenhouses in two locations over 2 years. A total 369 polymorphic maker loci including 356 microsatellite loci, five expressed sequences tag (ESTs), and eight genes were used to develop a linkage map. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using composite interval mapping detected three QTLs associated with common bunt resistance, of which two were located on chromosome 1B and one on chromosome 7A. AC Domain alleles contributed the common bunt resistance at all three QTLs. Usefulness of gene tagging within the identified chromosomal regions for common bunt resistance breeding is discussed.     

甘蓝型油菜千粒重性状的QTL定位分析

该研究利用油菜双单倍体株系(348份)群体和已构建的遗传连锁图谱,采用复合区间作图法,对2009~2013年连续5年的千粒重性状表型数据进行QTL初步定位和分析,结果共获得46个显著性千粒重QTL,主要分布在A7、C1和C6等11条染色体上;其中qTSW-09 DL11-1的表型变异最高(19.63%),qTSW-11 DL9的表型变异最小(2.73%)。通过元分析方法将所获得的46个QTL进行整合,结果显示:cqTSW-C1-2的表型变异最大(10.64%),并发现多个整合后的一致性QTL能够在连续多年试验中被检测到,其中cqTSW-C1-3连续5年被检测到,表明控制千粒重的QTL在种植环境中能够稳定表达;同时,新发现位于C1染色体上的千粒重主效QTL cqTSW-C1-2,解释表型变异达到10.64%。油菜千粒重性状的QTL分析和主效QTL的获得,为进一步实现油菜大籽粒的分子育种和高产新品种的培育提供了重要的理论指导。