桦褐孔菌菌质多糖的制备及其对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

为研究桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,采用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,Sevag法脱蛋白后透析,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱进一步分离纯化,MTT法检测不同浓度的桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。试验结果得到3个多糖纯化组分JZP1、JZP2、JZP3;粗多糖(JZPC)、精制多糖(JZPJ)和纯化多糖(JZP3),能够促进淋巴细胞增殖,最大增殖率分别为59.04%(1 000μg/m L),44.58%(20μg/m L),39.76%(20μg/m L)。JZP1和JZP2在1 000μg/m L时抑制淋巴细胞增殖,抑制率分别15.66%和13.25%。结果表明相同浓度下粗多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用强于纯化多糖,不同多糖组分表现出不同的免疫学活性,并且其免疫活性与其浓度密切相关。     

羊肚菌多糖提取、分离纯化及免疫调节活性

对羊肚菌多糖的结构和免疫调节活性进行初步探究,采用热水浸提法提取羊肚菌粗多糖,DEAE纤维素柱层析法对粗多糖进行分离纯化,CCK-8法检测羊肚菌多糖免疫调节能力。结果显示:分离纯化后的羊肚菌多糖(ME-X)重均分子量为1. 635×10~4。ME-X能显著提高免疫细胞增殖能力,当其质量浓度为10μg/mL时,淋巴细胞T、B的增殖效果最佳,增殖率分别达到31. 18%、63. 02%;质量浓度为20μg/mL时,巨噬细胞增殖效果最好,增殖率高达63. 12%,同时该浓度值的ME-X刺激巨噬细胞吞噬中性红能力也最强,吞噬率为22. 49%。ME-X的活性探究实验表明,ME-X能有效促进免疫细胞增殖,同时能显著促进巨噬细胞的吞噬作用。     

穿山龙多糖DMA的结构和抗氧化活性研究（英文）北大核心CSCD

采用热水煮提法和DEAE-琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B凝胶层析对穿山龙多糖DMA进行提取和分离纯化。通过高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法鉴定DMA的纯度和糖原组成。采用红外光谱法,高碘酸氧化-Smith降解法,甲基化分析以及核磁共振法对多糖DMA的结构进行分析。利用羟自由基实验研究DMA的抗氧化活性。研究发现多糖DMA显示一个单一对称的色谱峰,主要由葡萄糖组成,是由→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→组成的多糖。DMA具有清除羟自由基的活性。     

穿山龙多糖DMA的结构和抗氧化活性研究（英文）

采用热水煮提法和DEAE-琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B凝胶层析对穿山龙多糖DMA进行提取和分离纯化。通过高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法鉴定DMA的纯度和糖原组成。采用红外光谱法,高碘酸氧化-Smith降解法,甲基化分析以及核磁共振法对多糖DMA的结构进行分析。利用羟自由基实验研究DMA的抗氧化活性。研究发现多糖DMA显示一个单一对称的色谱峰,主要由葡萄糖组成,是由→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→组成的多糖。DMA具有清除羟自由基的活性。     

重组人可溶性B淋巴细胞刺激因子及其突变体的克隆、表达及活性测定

采用RT PCR方法从人外周血白细胞总RNA中钓取人可溶性B淋巴细胞刺激因子 (humansolubleBlym phocytestimulator,hsBLyS)的cDNA片段 ,再运用基因重组手段 ,利用通用型质粒pBV2 2 0构建表达载体pBV2 2 0 /hsBLyS。经测序鉴定后 ,以之为模板使用重叠PCR法扩增得到hsBLyS的两个点突变体hsBY A(Cys14 6→Ala14 6)和hsBY V (Cys14 6→Val14 6)的基因片段 ,构建表达载体 pBV2 2 0 /hsBY A及 pBV2 2 0 /hsBY V。经测序无误后 ,将上述 3种载体分别转化大肠杆菌DH5α并诱导重组蛋白质表达 ,薄层扫描结果显示 3种蛋白质在DH5α中表达量都在 2 0 %～ 30 %之间。再分别运用变性、凝胶过滤层析及复性等手段纯化目的蛋白质 ,最后通过B淋巴细胞增殖实验检测纯化产物促人B细胞增殖的活性。实验结果表明 ,3种重组蛋白质都能明显刺激人B细胞增殖 ;统计学检验显示 ,突变体rhsBY V较野生型rhsBLyS的促人B淋巴细胞增殖活性显著增强。     

天门冬多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

为探讨天门冬多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫调节作用,本实验建立环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型。通过称重计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数;MTT法检测T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应;双抗夹心ELISA方法检测小鼠血清中IL-2和IL-4水平,测定天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果表明天门冬多糖能够提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数,在ConA或者LPS刺激下提高T、B淋巴细胞增殖率,提高血清中IL-2和IL-4水平。天门冬多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠有一定的保护作用。     

植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

【目的】研究植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖(EPS)对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠免疫活性的影响。【方法】从植物乳杆菌JLK0142培养液中分离纯化EPS,采用体外细胞培养,测定EPS对巨噬细胞增殖、吞噬活性和一氧化氮(NO)分泌的影响;采用环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,灌胃不同剂量的EPS,分别测定小鼠脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞增殖活力及血清中IL-2和TNF-α水平。【结果】植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖在50–800μg/m L浓度范围内能促进正常状态RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖,显著提高巨噬细胞的吞噬活性及NO的分泌量;与模型组相比,EPS中、高剂量组小鼠脾脏指数和T淋巴细胞增殖活力显著提高;EPS高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-2和TNF-α含量显著提高。【结论】植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖能有效提高RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫活力,并拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用。     

马胎盘提取物对淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用

采用MTT法测定不同浓度马胎盘提取物(EPE)对正常、ConA和LPS诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性以及NK细胞杀伤活性的影响;并用氨基酸自动分析仪检测马胎盘提取物中氨基酸的含量。MTT实验结果表明:马胎盘提取物(187.5～750μg/mL)明显增强正常淋巴细胞的活性;23.44～1500μg/mL明显抑制ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖活性,750～1500μg/mL明显抑制LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖活性,其对ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用强于对LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用;93.75～500μg/mL明显增强NK细胞对PC-3癌细胞的杀伤活性;氨基酸含量分析表明:其含有丰富的氨基酸,其中谷氨酸(7.53%)、天门冬氨酸(5.64%)和亮氨酸(5.54%)含量较高。因此马胎盘提取物对淋巴细胞可能具有一定的免疫调节作用。     

若羌大枣多糖的分离纯化及抗氧化活性的研究

对新疆若羌大枣多糖的分离纯化和抗氧化活性作了研究.结果表明:将大枣干粉经热水浸提、乙醇沉淀,得到的大枣多糖粗品经索氏提取法脱脂、Sevag法除蛋白,双氧水脱色,透析法除单糖,用DEAE-纤维素层析,经过蒸馏水、0～1 mol/L NaCl可得到大枣多糖的3个级分,JPSN、JPSA1、JPSA2;然后用SephadexG-100柱进一步鉴定3个级分的纯度,经鉴定JPSN、JPSA1均为单一组分,而JPSA2得到JPSA2B1、JPSA2B21、JPSA2B33个亚组分.通过红外光谱扫描,呈现多糖类吸收峰.若羌大枣粗多糖对DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、NO-2都有较好的清除作用.     

夏枯草多糖分离纯化、相关性质及药效

研究了夏枯草多糖的提取工艺、分离纯化、部分理化性质以及夏枯草多糖的免疫学活性。夏枯草经水提醇沉,去蛋白、脱色、凝胶柱色谱等步骤分离纯化得到夏枯草精多糖（Pure polysaccahrides of Spica prunellae,PPSP）。HPGPC法测其相对分子质量,红外光谱法对其结构进行初步分析,柱前对氨基苯甲酸衍生化HPLC法测其单糖组成。免疫学实验证明夏枯草精多糖单独作用或协同ConA均可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,夏枯草精多糖在200μg／mL质量浓度下对正常小鼠的廓清指数和吞噬指数有明显促进作用。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.