高频轮牧对典型草原生产生态效果的影响

中国草地管理从应急性的围封禁牧,逐步转向兼顾生产生态目标,按照草畜平衡原则对放牧草地进行管理和利用。在草畜平衡载畜量下,进一步通过科学精细的放牧管理,实现草地的持续恢复和合理保育,是当前草地生态系统管理的重要理论和实践问题。该研究在锡林郭勒典型草原,以连续放牧、传统轮牧、高频轮牧为处理组,围封不放牧为对照组,展开为期两年的放牧实验,以回答草畜平衡放牧强度下的高频轮牧是否更有利于维持草地植物群落结构的稳定和生产生态的协同优化。实验结果表明,在草畜平衡条件下的高频轮牧管理,通过延长草地的牧后恢复时间,限制牲畜对植物物种的选择性采食,能够提升羊草(Leymus chinensis)、针茅(Stipa spp.)等优质牧草的生物量及其在群落生物量中的占比,同时促进成年绵羊的个体增长。该研究结果表明在草畜平衡载畜量条件下的高频轮牧管理,能够促进草地群落植物功能群的优化,也有利于草地生产和生态功能的协同。     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

放牧、刈割及摘顶对亚热带人工草地牧草种群的影响

通过比较放牧、刈割及摘顶3种干扰发现,适度放牧、刈割提高了亚热带高山人工草地鸭茅、黑麦草种群的适应性,部分原因在于2种干扰均对牧草进行了摘顶．摘顶解除了牧草的顶端优势及生殖生长。放牧、刈割对牧草产生的生态影响在某种程度上可通过摘顶而实现。从而提高种群密度、热值及能量积累．单因子的人工摘顶试验表明,牧草顶端优势的维持降低了牧草种群密度,抑制了能量积累。从抑制了种间竞争．持续摘顶解除了牧草的顶端优势。促进了牧草密度及能量的增长,从而提高了牧草种群的竞争力．     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子营养化学成分的研究

对不同居群的胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子营养化学成分进行分析,结果表明,胡杨种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的含量分别为9～12g·kg-1、38～44g·kg-1、21～62g·kg-1、1.9～2.3g·kg-1;灰叶胡杨种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的含量分别为9～10g·kg-1、38～48g·kg-1、14～41g·kg-1、2.3～2.5g·kg-1.胡杨、灰叶胡杨不同居群种子中大量元素含量均以N最高,分别为6.0～6.9g·kg-1、6.3～7.6g·kg-1;微量元素含量排序一致,依次为Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cd.统计分析表明,不同居群种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量均呈现极显著差异;而淀粉与微量元素含量除一些差异不显著外,其余均达显著或极显著水平.     

羊草草地植被-土壤系统氮循环研究

研究表明, 0～30 cm土层7月氮（N）总储量为479.2 g·m－2,其中主要为有机N,占总N量的98.5%,土壤中的无机N年度变化很大,在2.55～11.3 g·m－2之间,7月无机N储量为7.3 g·m－2,与其它类型草地不同,该类型草地土壤铵态N与硝态N含量有些季节相差不大,有些季节硝态N的含量超过铵态N的含量,铵态N的峰值出现的时间早于硝态N。植物根系吸收利用的无机N约为3.48 g·m－2·a－1,植物根系向地上每年输送的N量为2.97 g·m－2·a－1, 地上活体向地下转移的N量为1.54 g·m－2·a－1,植物地上部分每年转为立枯凋落物的N量为1.43 g m－2·a－1, 由立枯凋落物转为土壤有机N的量大于1.08 g·m－2·a－1,植物根系每年转为土壤有机N的量为1.51 g·m－2·a－1。     

内蒙古典型草原优化放牧管理模拟研究——以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例

针对太仆寺旗公共草地全年连续放牧的传统放牧方式,通过控制性试验,并结合太仆寺旗多年的草地、家畜、经济和气象等数据,建立中国西部草地生态经济模型,对太仆寺旗典型草原公共放牧系统进行模拟分析。以草原生态恢复和牧民收入增加为目的,对典型草原的最适载畜率、家畜在冬春季节的合理补饲等问题进行探讨,提出了典型草原放牧管理优化模式。研究结果表明,从当年10月到翌年5月份,家畜能量需求与放牧、补饲能量供给严重不平衡,家畜体重下降;随着载畜率的增加,牧民年均净收入先增加后降低,在载畜率为2.275羊单位/hm2时,收入达到最高;太仆寺旗最适载畜率为每公顷1.55-2.275羊单位。降低载畜率、加强补饲、提高草地质量都有利于提高牧民收入。     

长白山高山冻原土壤呼吸及其影响因子分析

主要研究了长白山高山冻原土壤呼吸与生物量、凋落物和土壤理化因子的相互关系。运用典范相关分析法(CanonicalCorrelationAnalysis)分析了长白山高山冻原生态系统中影响土壤呼吸的主要理化因子。结果表明,长白山高山冻原4种典型土壤类型的土壤呼吸量依次为泥炭化高山冻原土250·79g·m-2·yr-1、草甸化高山冻原土227·69g·m-2·yr-1、潜育化高山冻原土211·36g·m-2·yr-1和石质化高山冻原土209·42g·m-2·yr-1。土壤呼吸与地下生物量显著相关(R2=0·85,n=15,P<0·05);土壤呼吸与凋落物量的空间变化不完全相同;影响长白山高山冻原土壤呼吸的主要理化因子是C/N、土壤持水量、有机质和总氮。     

实验动物新西兰兔适宜营养水平的研究

根据地方饲料资源特点 ,应用计算机软件 ,设计不同的饲料配方 ,并生产相应的颗粒料 ,饲喂 6 0只一级新西兰幼兔、 2 4只繁殖母兔。在饲养管理条件相同的情况下 ,进行动物分组对比试验 ,观察幼兔生长情况、母兔繁殖情况 ,研究新西兰兔不同发育阶段所需的适宜的营养水平。试验按 2× 3因子设计。试验结果 :1、幼兔生长发育的最佳配方 :消化能 11 0 3MJ/kg ,粗蛋白质 15 10 % ,粗脂肪 3 0 4% ,粗纤维 10 2 6 % ,钙 1 34 5 % ,磷0 5 6 %。 2、繁殖母兔的最佳配方 :消化能 10 91MJ/kg ,粗蛋白质 18 17% ,粗脂肪 2 96 % ,粗纤维 10 2 8% ,钙1 47% ,磷 0 5 8%。     

数量化理论Ⅰ在评价牧草与杂草关系中的应用

运用数量化理论I评价了华南地区两个典型人工草地中人工管理措施对牧草与杂草关系的影响.结果表明,放牧强度对东方示范牧场的牧草优势度、施肥水平对粤北第一示范牧场的牧草优势度有重要的影响,其主要危害杂草分别为飞机草(E.odoratum)、赤才(E.rubiginosum)、牛筋果(H.perforata)和白茅(I.anlindrica)、一年蓬(E.annus),并确定其草地适宜载畜量为1～4头牛·hm-2,适宜施肥水平为过磷酸钙500～1000kg·hm-2,KCl150～250kg·hm-2.     

畜尿排泄特征及其对草地植被和家畜选择采食的作用

综述了畜尿特征及其对草地植被和家畜选择采食的作用.畜尿主要成分为尿素,尿斑N浓度一般为20～80 g N/m2.家畜排尿量和尿斑大小与家畜种类、饮水次数和放牧季节有关.畜尿空间分布表现为数量和浓度的不同,常呈线形函数形式随机分布于家畜采食路线周围,尿斑中心与边缘的尿N浓度差别很大.通常,畜尿对草地植物的影响限于尿斑区域,约为尿斑面积的2倍,作用时间可持续6～12个月;对草地植物生长具长期促进和短期灼烧作用,其效应大小与尿N浓度和施尿时期有关.一般畜尿促进禾草生长,抑制豆科草的生长和固氮作用.尿斑处植物的N成分比非施尿斑块高,植物吸收的N量随家畜年排泄N不同而异,尿排泄对植物生长的正效应发生于≤250 kg N/(hm2·a)情况下.畜尿排泄增加草地植物多度、丰富度和群落多样性,并受放牧、培育措施的影响.不同植物对畜尿的响应不同,放牧家畜对尿斑不同植物的选食性和补偿性生长差异,是引起和维持草地异质性的重要因素之一.放牧家畜具优先选食和反复采食尿斑植物或高营养斑块的特点,亦经常在远离高营养植被斑块的地方采食.具体草地管理与生产实践中,可通过在草地采食不足的地方设置饮水点、补饲料及搭荫棚等措施,提高家畜对整个草地的利用,以降低家畜对尿排泄物密集区高N植被斑块的过度采食.     

Prediction of the energy value of rabbit feeds varying widely in fibre content

Digestibility trials of 23 pelleted diets, with one or two ingredients and having 8.7–53.5% acid detergent fibre (ADF) on a dry matter (DM) basis, were carried out in adult rabbits fed ad libitum. Using a step-wise linear regression approach, the relationship between the digestible energy content (DE) or the coefficient of digestibility of gross energy (dGE) and the chemical composition of diets was established. Excluding beet pulp, with a very high crude fibre digestibility (54.8%), the prediction equations obtained were: DE (MJ kg⁻¹ DM) = 14.2 − 0.205 ADF + 0.218 EE + 0.057 CP (R² = 0.965, RSD = 0.494) and dGE (%) = 83.2 − 1.07 ADF (R² = 0.951, RSD = 3.15) where ADF, ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP) are expressed as a percentage on a DM basis. When diets with level of EE or CP higher than 6% or 18% respectively (grape marc, olive oil cake, brewer's grains, sunflower meal) were also removed, the prediction equations became: DE = 15.9 − 0.219 ADF (R² = 0.974, RSD = 0.391) and dGE = 85.6 − 1.20 ADF (R² = 0.977, RSD = 2.02). The contents in DE, digestible crude protein and undigestible crude fibre of 21 ingredients are presented and discussed in comparison with other studies.     

Studies on limiting essential amino acids in grieves as source of dietary protein for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)

Diets were computed to contain equal concentrations of digestible crude protein either of wheat gluten (diet 1) or of grieves (diets 2–8). Per kg dry diet, 41 g crystalline amino acids were supplemented. All diets contained at least 1.2 g Lys per MJ digestible energy (DE). In diet 2, ratios of Met + Cys, Trp, Leu, Ile and Phe to Lys were about equal to those in diet 1. In each of diets 3–7, one of the respective amino acids, in diet 8 all five were replaced by Glu in the supplemented mixture of amino acids.

Each diet was fed to triplciate groups of 20 trout during a trial lasting 66 days. Trout fed the diet containing wheat gluten consumed more dry matter and showed higher growth rates as well as higher protein contents in their gained body mass than trout fed diets based on grieves. Supplementing Met plus Trp significantly improved dry matter intake, growth rate and protein content of gain, though not to the level of trout fed the wheat gluten diet, whereas Leu, Ile and Phe showed no such effect. When grieves were not supplemented with both Met and Trp, gain in body mass contained significantly more lipids. DE required per kg gain by trout fed wheat gluten, grieves + Met + Trp or grieves without supplementation of Met and Trp was 20.1, 21.2 and 29.9 MJ, respectively.     

A calorimetric investigation of the nutritive value of formic acid- and formaldehyde—Formic acid-treated grass silages

Experiments were conducted to study the utilisation of a ryegrass mixture preserved chemically by formic acid (silage 1) of mean gross energy (GE) 18.6 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), and formaldehyde—formic acid (silage 2) of mean GE 18.3 MJ/kg DM. The parent grass and resulting silages were analysed chemically and calorimetric balance trials were performed with four sheep fed at maintenance and 1.5 times maintenance.Silages 1 and 2 had similar, high digestibility coefficients for DM (0.732 and 0.718), organic matter (OM) (0.755 and 0.742), and energy (E) (0.730 and 0.710). The digestible energy (DE) contents of silages 1 and 2 were 13.3 and 12.7 MJ/kg DM, respectively, at the lower level of feeding and 13.8 and 12.8 MJ/kg DM, respectively, at the higher level. The metabolisable energy (ME) contents of silages 1 and 2 were 11.6 and 10.8 MJ/kg DM, respectively, at the lower level of feeding and 12.0 and 11.0 MJ/kg DM, respectively, at the higher level.The mean efficiency of utilisation of ME for growth (K_g) for silages 1 and 2 was 0.43 and 0.39, respectively; these results are in broad agreement with those predicted by other workers.     

Digestibility and utilisation of diets composed of wet distillers' solids or soyabean meal and supplemented with liquid lysine product for growing pigs

A digestibility and balance trial was carried out to study the nutrient digestibility and utilisation of protein and energy in wet distillers' solids derived from barley or soyabean meal. Eight growing pigs (30–72 kg liveweight) were used in an 8 × 6 cyclic change-over experimental design, in which eight experimental diets were arranged 2 × 2 × 2 factorially. The corresponding factors were the protein source (wet distillers' solids (DS) or soyabean meal (SBM)), protein supply (130 or 162 g crude protein (CP) kg⁻¹ dry matter (DM)) and liquid lysine product supplementation.DS and SBM contained 565 g and 485 g CP kg⁻¹ DM, respectively, and the respective lysine contents in CP were 39 g and 64 g per 160 g N. The liquid lysine product contained 527 g CP kg⁻¹ DM and lysine in CP 193 g per 160 g N.No differences were found in the total tract digestibility of the nutrients or energy among diets composed of DS or SBM without lysine supplementation. Those diets with liquid lysine product supplementation, however, had opposite effects on the digestibility of the diets composed of the different protein sources. Lysine supplementation improved the digestibility of ash (P < 0.001), ether extract (P < 0.05) and crude carbohydrates (CCH) (P < 0.05) in diets composed of DS and adversely impaired the digestibility of organic matter and CCH (P < 0.05) in diets composed of SBM. The calculated digestibility of CP and gross energy were respectively 91.2% and 88.3% in SBM and 90.2% and 85.0% in DS. The digestible and calculated net energy contents were respectively 18.16 MJ kg⁻¹ DM and 10.73 MJ kg⁻¹ DM for SBM and 19.31 MJ kg⁻¹ DM and 10.40 MJ kg⁻¹ DM for DS.The pigs on the diets composed of DS had higher total (P < 0.001) and urea (P < 0.01) nitrogen (N) excretion in urine and lower daily retention of N (P < 0.001) than the pigs on the diets composed of SBM. The liquid lysine product supplementation of the diets decreased the total and urea N excretion in urine (P < 0.001) and improved the daily N retention (P < 0.001). With lysine supplementation, the protein utilisation of the diets composed of DS was improved to the level of the diets composed of SBM. No differences were observed in the utilisation of energy among the diets composed of different protein sources.It is concluded that DS is highly digestible, but its protein is efficiently utilised only with lysine supplementation.     

生长期实验兔日粮消化能、蛋白质、粗纤维适宜水平和氨基酸模式的研究

以日本大耳白断奶仔兔为试验动物 ,试验分两期。第一期 ,以 55日龄、健康、体重相近、来源一致的 90只大耳白仔兔随机分为 9组。试验日粮采用L9( 34)正交试验设计与 9组试验动物相对应的 9个日粮配方及其营养水平组合 ,进行 45d的饲养试验 ,研究试验日粮能量 (DE)、蛋白质 (CP)、粗纤维 (CF)适宜水平和必需氨基酸 (EAA)模式。以生长速度和血液生理指标为试验观察指标。试验结果 ,45d平均日增重以第 2组 34.5g为最高 ,比最低的第 9组2 7.5g提高 2 5.45% ,差异极显著 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,表明第 2组日粮配方及其营养水平组合为优。第二期 ,对一期第 2组日粮进行重复试验 ,以验证一期饲养试验效果的重现性。选用一期同源的 40日龄健康体重相近的 60只大耳白断奶仔兔进行 60d饲养试验。试验结果 ,60d平均日增重 34.0g,与一期结果相似 ,全部血液生理指标均在正常范围。两期试验结果表明 ,第 2组日粮DE1 2 .0MJ.kg- 1 、CP1 5.0 %、CF1 4.0 %的水平组合和必需氨基酸模式适宜于生长阶段大耳白兔的营养需要。     

Effect of dietary energy intake on tubular reabsorption of urea in sheep

The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of dietary energy intake on renal urea excretion in sheep with different nitrogen intakes. The control sheep, with a high nitrogen and energy intake, were given a daily feed dose of 21.18 g N and 15.2 MJ digestible energy (DE). The two experimental groups, with an equal, low nitrogen intake, were given diets with a different energy content. The high energy diet contained 3.63 g N and 14.18 MJ DE, the low energy diet 3.4 g N and 6.44 MJ DE. After nine weeks' adaptation to the diets, renal functions were measured by a standard clearance technique. It was found that, under stable urine flow conditions, both groups given the low nitrogen diet had a significantly lower glomerular filtration rate, fractional urea excretion and total urea excretion. A reciprocal comparison of these two groups showed that fractional urea excretion by the sheep with a high energy intake was significantly lower than in the group with a low energy intake. There were no differences in the glomerular filtration rate. A raised dietary energy intake in the presence of a low nitrogen intake caused marked natriuresis and kaliuresis. The results indicate that a raised dietary energy intake can be a significant factor in potentiating the renal effect of urea retention in sheep with a low nitrogen intake.     

Dry matter,protein, energy and fibre intake by dairy heifers grazing a Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) pasture

Dry matter (DM), protein, energy and fibre (ADF) intakes of Friesian and Ayrshire dairy heifers grazing a Rhodes grass pasture in Central Kenya were studied by indicator techniques for ten 22-day periods, each comprising 10 preliminary days and 12 collection days.Digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, GE and fibre were higher (P < 0.05) in the wetter periods and generally declined during the drier periods, as pasture matured. Intakes of DM, DCP and DE decreased (P < 0.05) as herbage matured. Average daily intake per kgW^0.75 was 73.9-g DM, 4.1-g DCP, 31.8-g ADF and 167-kcal DE. Average daily gain (ADG) also varied (P < 0.05) with period and was positively related to intake of digestible dry matter, protein and energy. When conditions were wet, ADG was satisfactory at 480 g. In dry conditions, the heifers ingested 26.1-g DDM, 1.6-g DCP and 110-Kcal DE per kgW^0.75 daily and gained at 200 g/day, and supplementation was deemed necessary to sustain an optimum ADG of 550 g. The factors which may have limited pasture intake by the grazing heifers are discussed. In general, a Chloris gayana pasture, grazed at an appropriate stocking-rate, will meet the requirements of dairy heifers for maintenance and, to a variable degree, those for growth in areas of Kenya with an annual rainfall of 1400 mm and with a high potential for increased cattle production.     

Effect of feeding Leucaena leucocephala leaves and twigs on energy utilization by goats

Fifteen intact male goats of Jamunapari breeds, 12–15 months old weighing 22.0 kg were divided into three groups of five animals in each in a completely randomized design to determine the effect of feeding Leucaena leucocephala leaves and twigs (LLLT) on heat production (HP) and energy balance (EB). Animals in treatment I (Control) was supplied with a conventional ration consisting of a concentrate mixture and vegetative parts of Zea mays and in treatments II and III received similar rations except that LLLT provided about 0.40 and 0.50 parts crude protein (CP) of total protein in ration, respectively by replacing 0.50 and 1.00 parts each of the solvent extracted groundnut cake and wheat bran in the concentrate mixture, respectively. The dry matter (DM) supplemented through LLLT was 0, 121 and 224 g in treatments I, II and III, respectively and it corresponds to 0, 0.19 and 0.34 parts of total DM intake. Supplementation of increasing amount of LLLT did not affect (P=0.303) DM intake but digestibility of DM decreased (P=0.002) linearly. The digestible energy (DE) intake was not affected (P=0.161) due to supplementation of LLLT. Urinary energy (UE) loss per kg metabolic body size per day and as proportion of gross energy (GE) or DE intake increased (P<0.001) linearly with increased LLLT supplementation. Average methane production varied from 15.2 to 17.3 L/d. Methane energy loss per kg metabolic body size per day decreased (P=0.024) linearly with increased supplementation of LLLT, however, as proportion of GE or DE did not show any effect of treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake per kg metabolic body size per day was unaffected (P=0.113) by the treatments which corresponded to 1.63, 1.35 and 1.38 times of maintenance in treatments I, II and III, respectively indicated that animals were in well-fed condition. Heat production (HP) and energy balance (EB) were not affected by the supplementation treatment. It is concluded that supplementation of 224 g of LLLT in the diet of goats, which provided DM at a proportion of 0.34 or CP at a proportion of 0.59, did not affect HP and EB.     

Symposium mit internationaler Beteiligung vom 27.-29. Oktober 1981 in Dresden

Two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. In trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. Dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to about 53%. In trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. Fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with supplementation of L‐ lysine‐HC1 and/or DL‐methionine.

In trial 1, efficiency of utilization of digestible energy (DE) rose from 38 to 50% when the ratio digestible crude protein (DCP)/DE was increased from about 11 to 17 g/MJ irrespective of the source of additional DCP, but did not further increase at higher ratios DCP/DE. Efficiency of utilization of DCP was about 50% as long as the ratio DCP/DE did not exceed 17 g/MJ.

With progressing replacement of fish meal by hydrolyzed feather meal, efficiencies of utilization of DE as well as of DCP were reduced, the respective rates of reduction being about halved by supplementing lysine with no effect of supplementing methionine.     

Herbage intake and growth of rabbits under different pasture type,herbage allowance and quality conditions in organic production

A lack of knowledge about rabbit herbage intake during grazing limits the development of organic rabbit production. This study describes rabbit herbage intake under a wide range of grazing conditions and characterises the factors that decrease rabbit herbage intake and daily weight gain. It was conducted with growing rabbits reared in moving cages with 0.4 m² of grazing area per rabbit. Rabbits grazed on pastures dominated by legumes (LEG) or grass and forbs (GRF) and received 60 g/day per rabbit of a complete pelleted feed. Three trials were performed in winter, summer and spring. Mean herbage allowance was 27% higher in LEG (62.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg metabolic weight (MW), equal to kg^0.75) than in GRF (49.2 g DM/kg MW). Herbage intake varied greatly (36.3±18.0 g DM/kg MW) among trials and was higher in LEG than in GRF (39.5v.34.1 g DM/kg MW). For both pasture types, herbage intake was logarithmically related to herbage allowance and plateaued around 75 g DM/kg MW. Crude protein and digestible energy (DE) intake differed by pasture type and season. Mean CP intake was 40% higher in LEG (15.0 g/kg MW) than in GRF (10.7 g/kg MW). In summer, mean DE intake was 27% higher in LEG than in GRF but no significant differences in DE intake were found between LEG and GRF in winter and spring. Maximum DE intake plateaued near 1000 kJ/kg MW. Daily weight gain was always higher for rabbits grazing LEG (mean=22.6 g) than GRF (mean=16.0 g). Weight gain was significantly related to CP intake, whereas DE intake had no significant effect. Meeting the objective of mean daily weight gain of 20 g requires herbage intake of 32 and 50 g DM/kg MW in LEG and GRF, respectively. Therefore, according to the herbage use efficiency observed in our experiments, herbage allowance must reach 42 and 78 g DM/kg MW in LEG and GRF, respectively. When herbage allowance is lower, rabbits cannot meet the CP intake (13 g/kg MW) required for this weight gain objective.