Geodermatophilus siccatus sp. nov., isolated from arid sand of the Saharan desert in Chad

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strain, CF6/1^T, was isolated in 2007 during environmental screening of arid desert soil in the Sahara near to Ourba, Chad. The isolate was found to grow best in a temperature range of 20–37 °C and at pH 6.0–8.5 and showed no NaCl tolerance, forming black-coloured and nearly circular colonies on GYM agar. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics determined for the isolate match those previously described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G + C content of the novel strain was determined to be 74.9 mol %. The peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The main phospholipids were determined to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and traces of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was identified as the dominant menaquinone and galactose as the diagnostic sugar. The major cellular fatty acids were found to be the branched-chain saturated acids iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0, as well as C_17:1ω8c. The 16S rRNA gene sequence shows 97.5–97.9 % sequence identity with the four validly named or at least effectively published members of the genus: Geodermatophilus obscurus (97.5 %), Geodermatophilus arenarius (97.7 %), Geodermatophilus ruber (97.9 %) and Geodermatophilus nigrescens (97.9 %). Based on the results from this polyphasic taxonomic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridizations with all type strains of the genus, we propose that strain CF6/1^T represents a novel species, Geodermatophilus siccatus, with the type strain CF6/1^T = DSM 45419^T = CCUG 62765^T = MTCC 11414^T.     

Geodermatophilus saharensis sp. nov., isolated from sand of the Saharan desert in Chad

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strain, CF5/5, was isolated from soil in the Sahara desert, Chad. It grew best at 20–35 °C and at pH 6.0–8.0 and with 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl, forming black-colored colonies. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G + C content was 75.9 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; galactose and xylose were detected as diagnostic sugars. The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were: iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. The 16S rRNA gene showed 95.6–98.3 % sequence similarity with the other named members of the genus Geodermatophilus. Based on the polyphasic taxonomy data, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus saharensis with the type strain CF5/5^T = DSM 45423 = CCUG 62813 = MTCC 11416.     

Description of Geodermatophilus amargosae sp. nov., to Accommodate the Not Validly Named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. amargosae (Luedemann, 1968)

A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium, designated G12^T, not validly named as Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. amargosae, was accessed in the DSMZ open collection as DSM 46136^T. The optimal growth was at 2,535 °C, at pH 6.0–12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C_15:0. The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2–99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12^T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. Type strain is G12^T [=G96] (=DSM 46136^T = CCUG 62971^T = MTCC 11559^T = ATCC 25081^T = JCM 3153^T = NBRC 13316^T = NRRL B-3578^T = KCTC 9360^T). The INSDC accession number is HF679056.     

Geodermatophilus arenarius sp. nov., a xerophilic actinomycete isolated from Saharan desert sand in Chad

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strain, CF5/4^T, was isolated in 2007 during an environmental screening of arid desert soil in Ouré Cassoni, Chad. The isolate grew best in a temperature range of 28–40?°C and at pH 6.0–8.5, with 0–1?% (w/v) NaCl, forming brown-coloured and nearly circular colonies on GYM agar. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G?+?C content of the novel strain was 75.9?mol?%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diaminoacid. The main phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was identified as the dominant menaquinone and galactose as diagnostic sugar. The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids: iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The 16S rRNA gene showed 96.2–98.3?% sequence identity with the three members of the genus Geodermatophilus: G. obscurus (96.2?%), G. ruber (96.5?%), and G. nigrescens (98.3?%). Based on the chemotaxonomic results, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strain of G. nigrescens, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus arenarius (type strain CF5/4^T?=?DSM 45418^T?=?MTCC 11413^T?=?CCUG 62763^T).     

Description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Geodermatophilus bullaregiensis</Emphasis> sp. nov.

The taxonomic position of an aerobic actinobacterial strain, BMG841^T, isolated from the Bulla Regia monument (Tunisia) and exhibiting a high resistance to gamma-radiation (D10 ~9 kGy) was determined using polyphasic approach. The optimal growth range was found to be 25–35 °C at pH of 7.0–8.5. The strain was observed to form black dry colonies. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate showed a cell wall type III, with galactose and glucose as diagnostic sugars; phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified glycolipid as main polar lipids; and MK-9(H₄) as the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain BMG841^T represents a novel member of the genus Geodermatophilus with high 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Geodermatophilus saharensis (98.28 %). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, strain BMG841^T is proposed as the type strain (=DSM 46841^T = CECT 8821^T) of a novel species, Geodermatophilus bullaregiensis.     

Geodermatophilus tzadiensis sp. nov., a UV radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from sand of the Saharan desert

Three novel Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strains, CF5/2^T, CF5/1 and CF7/1, were isolated in 2007 during environmental screening of arid desert soil in the Sahara desert, Chad. Results from riboprinting, MALDI-TOF protein spectra and 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed that all three strains belonged to the same species. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences with the strains’ closest relatives indicated that they represented a distinct species. The three novel strains also shared a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics distinct from previously named Geodermatophilus species. The novel strains’ peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; their main phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were the branched-chain saturated acids iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. Galactose was detected as diagnostic sugar. Based on these chemotaxonomic results, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization between strain CF5/2^T and the type strains of Geodermatophilus saharensis, Geodermatophilus arenarius, Geodermatophilus nigrescens, Geodermatophilus telluris and Geodermatophilus siccatus, the isolates CF5/2^T, CF5/1 and CF7/1 are proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus tzadiensis, with type strain CF5/2^T = DSM 45416 = MTCC 11411 and two reference strains, CF5/1 (DSM 45415) and CF7/1 (DSM 45420).     

Nocardia bhagyanesis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis), India

A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC07^T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from Hyderabad, India. Its taxonomic status was determined by using polyphasic approach. It is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, weakly acid-fast strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain VRC07^T is a member of the genus Nocardia. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found between the strains Nocardia niwae W9241^T (99.6 %), Nocardia amikacinitolerans W9988^T (99.3 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035^T (98.9 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was below 98.7 %. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. Arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. Diagnostic polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H_{4, ω-cycl}). The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_18:0, C_{18:1 w9c}, C_{18:0 10-methyl TBSA} and sum in feature 3 (16:1 w7c/16:1 w6c). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.5 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness data, together with phenotypic differences clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Nocardia bhagyanesis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is VRC07^T (=KCTC 29209^T = MTCC 11725^T = ATCC BAA-2548).     

Salinicola peritrichatus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment

A Gram stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain DY22^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the east Pacific Ocean. The isolate was found to grow in the presence of 0–20.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 4.5–8.5; optimum growth was observed with 0.5–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 5.0–7.0. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed the presence of ubiquinone-9 as predominant respiratory quinone and C_16:0, C_19:0 ω8c cyclo and C_12:0 3-OH as major cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 59.6 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel isolate belongs to the genus Salinicola. Strain DY22^T exhibited the closest phylogenetic affinity to the type strain of Salinicola salarius with 97.2 % sequence similarity and less than 97 % sequence similarity with respect to other Salinicola species with validly published names. The DNA–DNA reassociation values between strain DY22^T and S. salarius DSM 18044^T was 52 ± 4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain DY22^T represents a novel species of the genus Salinicola, for which the name Salinicola peritrichatus sp. nov. (type strain DY22^T = CGMCC 1.12381^T = JCM 18795^T) is proposed.     

Marinobacter persicus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a saline lake in Iran

A Gram-negative, non-endospore-forming, rod shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain M9B^T, was isolated from the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. Cells of strain M9B^T were found to be motile and produce colonies with an orange-yellow pigment. Growth was determined to occur between 5 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5–10 % (v/w) NaCl. The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were determined to be pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of 6–8 and 25–45 °C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M9B^T is a member of the genus Marinobacter. The closest relative to this strain was found to be Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus MBIC 1303^T with a similarity level of 97.7 %. DNA–DNA hybridization between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 13 ± 2 %. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were identified as C_16:0, C_19:1 ω6c, C_18:1 ω9c and C_16:1 ω9c. The polar lipid pattern of strain M9B^T was determined to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and three phospholipids. Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the only lipoquinone detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was determined to be 58.6 mol%. Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter persicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Marinobacter persicus is strain M9B^T (=IBRC-M 10445^T = CCM 7970^T = CECT 7991^T = KCTC 23561^T).     

Paenibacillus hordei sp. nov., isolated from naked barley in Korea

A Gram-staining positive, facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain RH-N24^T, was isolated from naked barley in South Korea. Cells of the isolate were observed to be motile rods by means of peritrichous flagella and showed catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions. Growth of strain RH-N24^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum: 35–37 °C) and at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum: pH 6.0–7.0). Chemotaxonomic data (major isoprenoid quinone: MK-7; DNA G + C content: 53.5 mol %; cell wall type: A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid; major fatty acids: anteiso-CB_15:0 and CB_16:0B) supported the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Paenibacillus. The major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also supported the conclusion that strain RH-N24^T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain RH-N24^T was most closely related to Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05^T and Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356^T with similarities of 94.64 and 94.54 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular properties, strain RH-N24^T represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus for which the name Paenibacillus hordei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RH-N24^T (=KACC 15511^T = JCM 17570^T).     

Polaribacter reichenbachii sp. nov.: A New Marine Bacterium Associated with the Green Alga Ulva fenestrata

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 6Alg 8^T, was isolated from the common Pacific green alga Ulva fenestrata. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Polaribacter, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 97.6 % to Polaribacter dokdonensis DSW-5^T and 92.8–96.1 % to other recognized Polaribacter species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 6Alg 8^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0 2-OH, C_15:0 and C_15:1ω6. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 31.6 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Polaribacter were readily distinguished based on a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Polaribacter, for which the name Polaribacter reichenbachii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 6Alg 8^T (= KCTC 23969^T = KMM 6386^T = LMG 26443^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tessaracoccus defluvii</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from an aeration tank of a sewage treatment plant

A Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain LNB-140^T, was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in the Republic of Korea and was characterised using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain LNB-140^T belongs to genus Tessaracoccus in the family Propionibacteriaceae of the phylum Actinobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LNB-140^T and type strains of the genus, Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39^T and Tessaracoccus rhinocerotis YIM101269^T are 97.8 and 97.4 %, respectively. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain LNB-140^T are consistent with those of members of the genus Tessaracoccus: a quinone system with MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone; anteiso-C_15:0 and iso C_15:0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids; and ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic peptidoglycan diamino acid. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 67.1 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties along with low DNA–DNA relatedness (<30 ± 3.2 %) with closely related type strains show that strain LNB-140^T is distinct from previously described members of the genus Tessaracoccus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Tessaracoccus defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LNB-140^T (=KEMB 5401-076^T = JCM 17540^T).     

Sphingomonas gimensis sp. nov., a novel Gram-negative bacterium isolated from abandoned lead–zinc ore mine

A novel bacterial strain designated 9PNM-6^T was isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc ore mine site in Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China. The isolate was found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped, orange-pigmented, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth occurred at 0–4 % NaCl (w/v, optimum, 0 %), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 15–32 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain 9PNM-6^T belongs to the genus Sphingomonas, with the highest sequence similarities with Sphingomonas jejuensis NBRC 107775^T (99.7 %), Sphingomonas koreensis KCTC 2882^T (95.1 %) and Sphingomonas dokdonesis KCTC 12541^T (95.1 %). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain 9PNM-6^T were consistent with those of the genus Sphingomonas. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone Q-10, the major polyamine as sym-homospermidine, and the major cellular fatty acids as C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c and C_14:0 2-OH. The major polar lipids are sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatideylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9PNM-6^T was determined to be 69.2 ± 0.6 mol%. Based on comparative analyses of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, and levels of DNA–DNA relatedness values, strain 9PNM-6^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas gimensis sp. nov. (Type strain 9PNM-6^T = GIMCC 1.655^T = CGMCC 1.12671^T = DSM 27569^T) is proposed.     

Geodermatophilus chilensis sp. nov., from soil of the Yungay core-region of the Atacama Desert,Chile

A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic status of three representative Geodermatophilus strains isolated from an extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desert soil. The strains, isolates B12^T, B20 and B25, were found to have chemotaxonomic and morphological properties characteristic of the genus Geodermatophilus. The isolates shared a broad range of chemotaxonomic, cultural and physiological features, formed a well-supported branch in the Geodermatophilus 16S rRNA gene tree in which they were most closely associated with the type strain of Geodermatophilus obscurus. They were distinguished from the latter by BOX-PCR fingerprint patterns and by chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties. Average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the whole genome sequences of isolate B12^T and G. obscurus DSM 43160^T were 89.28%, 87.27% and 37.4%, respectively, metrics consistent with its classification as a separate species. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the isolates be assigned to the genus Geodermatophilus as Geodermatophilus chilensis sp. nov. with isolate B12^T (CECT 9483^T = NCIMB 15089^T) as the type strain. Analysis of the whole genome sequence of G. chilensis B12^T with 5341 open reading frames and a genome size of 5.5 Mb highlighted genes and gene clusters that encode for properties relevant to its adaptation to extreme environmental conditions prevalent in extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desert soils.     

Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated F14^T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belongs to the genus Paracoccus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strain F14^T and other type strains of recognized members of the genus Paracoccus were 93.6–96.5 %. Growth of strain F14^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, strain F14^T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F14^T (=CGMCC 1.12755^T=LMG 28106^T=MCCC 1A09947^T).     

Gordonia jinhuaensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium,isolated from a VBNC (viable but non-culturable) state in pharmaceutical wastewater

A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped actinobacterial strain, designated as ZYR 51^T, was isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater in Jinhua city, Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Isolation was aided by using a resuscitation-promoting factor, suggesting the strain was recovered from a viable but non-culturable state. Strain ZYR 51^T was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Growth was found to occur at 10–45 °C, pH 6.0–10.0 and 0–9 % NaCl (w/v). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that strain ZYR 51^T belongs to the genus Gordonia and showed low level similarities (below 97 %) with all other members of this genus. The strain was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP), along with MK-9(H₂) as the predominant menaquonine. Mycolic acids were found to be present. C_16:0 (34.9 %), 10-methyl C_18:0 (30.3 %), iso-C_18:0(8.2 %), and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1ω7c as define by MIDI; 18.8 %) were identified as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain ZYR 51^T was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and some unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ZYR 51^T was determined to be 67.7 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Gordonia, for which the name Gordonia jinhuaensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain is ZYR 51^T (=CGMCC 1.12827^T = NBRL B-59111^T = NBRC 110001^T).     

Methylobacterium pseudosasae sp. nov., a pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium isolated from the bamboo phyllosphere

A pink-pigmented, Gram negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, strain BL44^T, was isolated from bamboo leaves and identified as a member of the genus Methylobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed similarity values of 98.7–97.0 % with closely related type strains and showed highest similarity to Methylobacterium zatmanii DSM 5688^T (98.7 %) and Methylobacterium thiocyanatum DSM 11490^T (98.7 %). Methylotrophic metabolism in this strain was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the mxaF gene coding for the α-subunit of methanol dehydrogenase. Strain BL44^T produced three known quorum sensing signal molecules with similar retention time to C₈, C₁₀ and C₁₂-HSLs when characterized by GC–MS. The fatty acid profiles contained major amounts of C_18:1 ω7c, iso-3OH C_17:0 and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH), which supported the grouping of the isolate in the genus Methylobacterium. The DNA G+C content was 66.9 mol%. DNA relatedness of the strain BL44^T to its most closely related strains ranged from 12–43.3 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain BL44^T is assigned to a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium for which the name Methylobacterium pseudosasae sp. nov. is proposed (type strain BL44^T = NBRC 105205^T = ICMP 17622^T).     

Bacillus alkalicola sp. nov., An Alkaliphilic,Gram-Positive Bacterium Isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet,China

A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6^T, was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0–11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10–45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, C_16:0 and anteiso-C_15:0. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6^T was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522^T (97.7 % similarity). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6^T and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522^T was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6^T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6^T (=CGMCC 1.10368^T = JCM 17098^T = NBRC 107743^T).     

Virgibacillus albus sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Lop Nur salt lake in Xinjiang province, China

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 93624^T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province of China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YIM 93624^T grew at 15–45 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), 1–17% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5–10 %, w/v) and pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0). The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-7. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, a glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 93624^T was a member of the genus Virgibacillus and exhibited the highest similarity of 97.0 % to Virgibacillus koreensis KCTC 3823^T. However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YIM 93624^T and V. koreensis KCTC 3823^T was 32.5 %. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic analysis data, the isolate is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus albus sp. nov., is proposed, with type strain of YIM 93624^T (=DSM 23711^T = JCM 17364^T).     

Amycolatopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal plant in Jiangsu, China

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1262^T, was isolated from a coastal plant Dendranthema indicum (Linn.) Des Moul collected from the coastal region of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP 1262^T is a member of the genus Amycolatopsis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP 1262^T is most closely related to Amycolatopsis sulphurea DSM 46092^T (97.96 %), Amycolatopsis ultiminotia RP-AC36^T (97.50 %) and Amycolatopsis jejuensis N7-3^T (97.44 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Amycolatopsis was less than 97.0 %. The organism was determined to have chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Amycolatopsis such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinone was determined to be MK-9 (H₄). The polar lipids detected were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown glycolipids and several unknown lipids. The major fatty acids were found to be C_16:0, iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. DNA–DNA relatedness data, together with phenotypic differences, clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name A. jiangsuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1262^T (=KCTC 19885 ^T = NBRC 108679^T).