Streptacidiphilus hamsterleyensis sp. nov., isolated from a spruce forest soil

Three acidophilic actinobacteria, isolates LSCA2, FGG8 and HSCA14^T, recovered from spruce litter were examined using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic and morphological properties of the isolates were found to be consistent with their classification in the genus Streptacidiphilus. The isolates were shown to have identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and were most closely related to Streptacidiphilus neutrinimicus DSM 41755^T (99.9 % similarity). However, DNA:DNA relatedness between isolate HSCA14^T and the type strain of S. neutrinimicus was found to be low at 44.0 (±14.1) %. A combination of phenotypic features, including degradative and nutritional characteristics were shown to distinguish the isolates from their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Data from this study show that the isolates form a novel species in the genus for which the name S. hamsterleyensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HSCA 14^T (=DSM 45900^T = KACC 17456^T = NCIMB 14865^T).     

Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from acidic rhizosphere soil in China

The taxonomic position of three acidophilic actinomycetes isolated from acidic rhizosphere soil was established using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemical properties of the isolates were found to be consistent with their assignment to the genus Streptacidiphilus. Almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences determined for the strains were aligned with corresponding sequences of representatives of the genera Kitasatospora, Streptacidiphilus and Streptomyces and phylogenetic trees inferred using three tree-making algorithms. The organisms formed a distinct subclade within the Streptacidiphilus 16S rRNA gene tree. They also shared nearly identical phenotypic profiles and rep-PCR fingerprint patterns that readily distinguished them from representatives of the established species of Streptacidiphilus. It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that the three isolates form a new species in the genus Streptacidiphilus. The name proposed for this new species is Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis, the type strain is isolate 33214T (= AS 4.1857T = JCM 12277T).     

Pedobacter jeongneungensis sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

Strain BH45(T) was isolated from forest soil of Mt. Bukhan in Jeongneung, Seoul, Korea. The Gram-staining-negative strain BH45(T) grows at 4-30°C (optimum of 25-30°C) and between pH 5-8 (optimum of pH 6-8). Its major cellular fatty acids are C(18:3) ω6c (6,9,12) and C(10:0). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.2 mol%. The major respiratory quinone system in strain BH45(T) is menaquinone-7. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicates that strain BH45(T) is closely related to the genus Pedobacter. Sequence similarities with P. terrae KCTC 12762(T), P. suwonensis KACC 11317(T), P. soli KACC 14939(T), P. alluvionis DSM 19624(T), P. roseus KCCM 42272(T), P. yonginense KCTC 22721(T) were 97.5, 97.1, 97.0, 97.0, 97.0, and 96.0%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization results distinguish strain BH45(T) from two Pedobacter species with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. According to the phenotypic and molecular data, the strain BH45(T) clearly represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter; thus, the name Pedobacter jeongneungensis sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. The type strain is BH45(T) (=KACC 15514(T) =JCM 17626(T)).     

Micromonospora maoerensis sp. nov., isolated from a Chinese pine forest soil

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-MES19^T, was isolated from pine forest soil in Heilongjiang province, China. A polyphasic study was carried out to establish the taxonomic position of this strain. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-MES19^T was most closely related to Micromonospora matsumotoense IMSNU 22003^T. However, phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene sequence showed that the isolate was more closely related to Micromonospora cremea CR30^T than M. matsumotoense IMSNU 22003^T. The low level of DNA–DNA relatedness allowed the isolate to be differentiated from M. matsumotoense IMSNU 22003^T and M. cremea CR30^T. Moreover, strain NEAU-MES19^T could also be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-MES19^T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora maoerensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-MES19^T (=CGMCC 4.7091^T = DSM 45884^T).     

Paracoccus niistensis sp. nov., isolated from forest soil, India

A Gram-negative, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium designated as NII-0918(T) was isolated from soil sample in Western ghat forest, India. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NII-0918(T) belongs to the subclass α-Proteobacteria, being related to the genus Paracoccus, and sharing highest sequence similarity with Paracoccus chinensis NBRC 104937(T) (99.4%), Paracoccus marinus NBRC 100640(T) (97.3%), Paracoccus koreensis Ch05(T) (97.1%) and Paracoccus kondratievae GB(T) (97.0%). Other members of Paracoccus showed below 97.0% similarity. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between these four strains and NII-0918(T) were 44.7, 28, 32 and 41%, respectively. The major fatty acids of strain NII-0918(T) were summed feature 7 (C18:1 ω7c/ω 9t/ω 12t) (83.0%) and C18:0 (12.5%). Ubiquinone Q-10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The G+C content of genomic DNA of NII-0918(T) was 66.6 mol%. On the basis of physiological, morphological, chemotaxonomical and DNA-DNA hybridization data, it is proposed that strain NII-0918(T) should be placed as a novel species, for which we propose Paracoccus niistensis sp. nov. The type strain is NII-0918(T) (CCTCC AA 209055(T) = NCIM 5340(T) = KCTC 22789(T)).     

Herbidospora solisilvae sp. nov., a novel cellulose-degrading actinobacterium isolated from forest soil

An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain positive, cellulose-degrading actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-GS84^T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Linchun Ridge Forest Park in Sanya, Hainan Province, China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-GS84^T could belong to the genus Herbidospora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indeed confirmed that strain NEAU-GS84^T belonged to the genus Herbidospora and was most closely related to Herbidospora yilanensis JCM 18062^T (99.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Herbidospora galbida NEAU-GS14^T (99.0%). The cell wall of strain NEAU-GS84^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the major diamino acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, madurose and ribose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamin, phosphoglycolipids, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides and one unidentified phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-10(H₄). Major fatty acids were 10-methly C_17:0, C_17:0 and iso-C_16:0. These chemotaxonomic data substantiated the affiliation of strain NEAU-GS84^T to the genus Herbidospora. The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. The genome size of strain NEAU-GS84^T is about 8.37 Mb and contained 41 cellulose-binding domain synthesis genes, 13 β-glucosidase synthesis genes, 6 endoglucanase synthesis genes and 9 xylanase synthesis genes. Based on digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values, the new strain NEAU-GS84^T could be differentiated from its closest relatives. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Herbidospora, for which the name Herbidospora solisilvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-GS84^T (=?CCTCC AA 2018041^T?=?JCM 33460^T).

     

Microtetraspora malaysiensis sp. nov., isolated from Malaysian primary dipterocarp forest soil

The taxonomic position of three actinomycete strains isolated from Malaysian soil was established by using a polyphasic approach. The isolates formed chains composed of four spores on the tip of sporophores branching from the aerial mycelium, and their chemotaxonomic properties were common to those of members of the family Streptosporangiaceae. These phenotypic properties as well as a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that they should be classified in the genus Microtetraspora. The three isolates showed a unique pattern of cultural, physiological and biochemical properties that distinguished them from previously described species of the genus Microtetraspora. The isolates showed more than 72% DNA relatedness to each other, but only 58% or less relatedness to any previously described species. On the basis of the data presented, a new species of the genus Microtetraspora, Microtetraspora malaysiensis, is proposed. The type strain of the new species is strain H47-7(T) (=JCM 11278(T)=DSM 44579(T)).     

Bacillus hunanensis sp. nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from non-saline forest soil

A novel Gram-stain-positive, slightly halophilic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JSM 081003^T, was isolated from non-saline forest soil in Hunan Province, China. Growth occurred with 0.5?C15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2?C4%) at pH 6.5?C10.5 (optimum pH 7.5?C8.5) and at 5?C40°C (optimum 30°C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0. Strain JSM 081003^T contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain JSM 081003^T was 40.9 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain JSM 081003^T should be assigned to the genus Bacillus, and was related most closely to the type strains of Bacillus lehensis (sequence similarity 99.6%), Bacillus oshimensis (99.4%) and Bacillus patagoniensis (96.6%); lower than 96.0% sequence similarity was observed with other Bacillus species. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA?CDNA relatedness values, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supports the view that strain JSM 081003^T represents a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus hunanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 081003^T (= DSM 23008^T = KCTC 13711^T).     

Nocardia rhamnosiphila sp. nov., isolated from soil

In this study two actinomycete strains were isolated in Cape Town (South Africa), one from a compost heap (strain 202GMO^T) and the other from within the fynbos-rich area surrounded by the horseracing track at Kenilworth Racecourse (strain C2). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence BLAST analysis, the strains were identified as members of the genus Nocardia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains clustered together and are most closely related to Nocardia flavorosea NRRL B-16176^T, Nocardia testacea JCM 12235^T, Nocardia sienata IFM 10088^T and Nocardia carnea DSM 43397^T. This association was also supported by gyrB based phylogenetic analysis. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of both strains 202GMO^T and C2 from related species. However, their high DNA relatedness showed that they belong to the same species. Strain 202GMO^T was selected as the type strain to represent this novel species, for which the name Nocardia rhamnosiphila is proposed (=DSM 45147^T = NRRL B-24637^T).     

Cohnella boryungensis sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-staining positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, BR-29^T, was isolated from soil from west coast of the Korean peninsula, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic study. Strain BR-29^T grew optimally at around pH 7.5, at 30°C and in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BR-29^T fell into a clade comprising the type strains of Cohnella species, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 92.8–96.4%. Strain BR-29^T contained a cell wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:0 and iso-C_16:0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysylphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids; a minor amount of phosphatidylglycerol was present. The DNA G+C content was 54.9 mol%. Strain BR-29^T could be differentiated from phylogenetically related Cohnella species by differences in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain BR-29^T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella boryungensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is BR-29^T (= KCTC 13735^T = CCUG 59598^T).