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1.
M. V. R. Reddy P. Rama Prasad W. F. Piessens B. C. Harinath 《Journal of biosciences》1986,10(4):461-466
Two monoclonal antibodiesWuchereria bancrofti E 33 andWuchereria bancrofli E 34 raised againstWuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigens were studied for their diagnostic utility.Wuchereria bancrofti E 34 monoclonal antibody was found to be relatively specific and sensitive in detection of circulating filarial antigen.
WhenWuchereria bancrofti E 34 monoclonal antibody was used alongwith immunoglobulin G fraction of human filarial serum immunoglobulins in double antibody
sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. 68% of microfilaraemic sera (26 out of 38). 12% of clinical filarial sera (3 out
of 25), 13% endemic normal sera (2 out of 15) and none of the 20 non-endemic normal sera showed the presence of filarial antigen.
The filarial antigen detected byWuchereria bancrofti E 34 monoclonal antibody in double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is possibly associated with the active
stage (microfilaraemia) of infection. 相似文献
2.
Bhaskar C. Harinath 《Journal of biosciences》1984,6(5):691-699
The immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis is a major challenge to the immunoparasitologist. Significant progress is yet
to be made in developing convenient laboratory animal model and inin vitro cultivation of filarial parasites making it very difficult to obtain required amount of parasite material for research. Parasitological
examination techniques are not useful in low microfilaraemia, occult or chronic.filarial infections. A precise and accurate
immunodiagnostic technique is very much needed for successful filaria control programmes. Such a test will also avoid the
need for laborious night blood examination in bancroftian filariasis.
Due to comparatively easy availability, a good amount of work has been done to explore immunodiagnostic potential of heterologous
filarial antigens isolated fromLitomosoide carinii, Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia malayi, Setaria digitata, Setaria cervi and number of other filarial species. However, there has been limited or no significant success due to number of false negative
and false positive reactions.
Extensive study has also been made with antigens isolated fromWuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. Soluble antigens of microfilariae have been used in different immunological techniques such as skin test,
counter immuno electrophoresis, indirect haemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay. Fractionation of
Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial soluble antigens yielded mfS3e antigen fraction which was found to be highly reactive in microfilaraemia by
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, but the yield of the purified antigen was not sufficient enough to make it a practical
proposition for large scale isolation of antigen.
Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigens were found to be specific and highly sensitive requiring as little as 0.35 ng
antigen protein per well in penicillinase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of filarial antibody. One ml of
culture fluid was found to be sufficient for 400,000 tests. Field evaluation of this test showed that it can replace laborious
night blood examination.
Assay systems have been developed for detection of filarial antigen in serum, urine, hydrocele fluid and immune complexes
using immunoglobulins from chronic filarial sera and antisera to excretory filarial antigens. Further purification of excretory-secretory
antigens by affinity chromatography and production of monoclonal antibodies should hopefully give suitable reagents for use
in sensitive assays such as enzyme immuno assay and immuno radiometric assay, providing an ideal assay system for detection
of active filarial infection in the not too distant future. 相似文献
3.
V. Chenthamarakshan U. M. Padigel P. Ramaprasad M. V. R. Reddy B. C. Harinath 《Journal of biosciences》1993,18(3):319-326
Urinary filarial antigen isolated from urine samples of microfilaraemic patients was analysed for its antigenic activity by
immunoblotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques. SDS-PAGE fractionation of urinary filarial antigen showed
11 protein bands, of which two showed reactivity with immunoglobulin-G fraction of filarial serum immunoglobulin in immunoblotting.
Antigenic analysis of SDS-PAGE fractions of urinary filarial antigen by inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using
filarial serum immunoglobulin-G andWuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigen revealed 3 fractions, numbers 5, 6 and 9 with significant activity. In indirect
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using fractions 5 and 6, filarial immunoglobulin-G antibody was detected in about 90% of
microfilaraemics, 80% clinical filariasis and 20% of endemic normal individuals. Further, there was no phosphorylcholine epitope
in these fractions. Fractions 5 and 6 can be a candidate antigens for the immunodiagnosis of filariasis. 相似文献
4.
A battery of monoclonal antibodies were produced againstWuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigens and their specificity was studied using different filarial antigens. Among the
1116 wells plated out, 42 % of the wells developed hybrids and 5 % of the hybrids showed antiWuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigens. Specificity studies on the antibodies produced from 63 cloned and expanded hybrids
showed 10 clones which were specifically positive only toWuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigens. 相似文献
5.
Brugia malayi microfilarial excretory-secretory (mf ES) and phosphate buffer saline soluble (mf S) antigens were fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on superdex 200 HR 10/30 gel filtration column. The active antigen fractions were identified and explored in comparison with whole mf ES and mf S antigens to detect filarial IgG antibodies in different groups viz microfilaraemics, acute, chronic and occult filarial cases of Wuchereria bancrofti infection and endemic and non-endemic normals. One of the fractions of mf ES antigen (ESF-6) and two fractions of mf S antigen (SF-2 & 3) were identified to be useful to detect filarial antibodies. A pooled preparation of these antigen fractions gave a sensitivity of 86.6% (for microfilaraemic cases) and a specificity of 95% to detect filarial IgG antibodies by indirect ELISA. The pooled FPLC purified mf antigens also showed 55-88% of cases of different grades of clinical filariasis and 65% of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia cases as positive for filarial antibodies. The pooled FPLC purified B. malayi mf antigens with higher specificity are preferable to whole mf ES and mf S antigens to detect active filarial infection in microfilaraemia and as well in different clinical entities of bancroftian filariasis. 相似文献
6.
Lalitha P Eswaran D Gnanasekar M Rao KV Narayanan RB Scott A Nutman T Kaliraj P Gnanasekar M 《Microbiology and immunology》2002,46(5):327-332
Antibodies specific to recombinant filarial antigens Wb-SXP-1 and Bm-SXP-1 have been used to develop a sandwich ELISA for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) in sera from patients with lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti of Brugia malayi. In patients with W. bancrofti infections, a high proportion of microfilaria (mf) positive (MF) and low proportions of patients with chronic pathology (CP) and endemic normals (EN) showed the presence of CFA. Similarly in patients with brugian infections a high proportion of mf positive individuals contained CFA while none of the patients with chronic pathology or endemic normals showed the presence of CFA. Sera from patients with other parasitic infections (OPI) like O. volvulus, Loa loa, Ascaris lumbricoides and from individuals residing in areas non-endemic to filariasis did not exhibit any reactivity. This assay shows promise for the detection of microfilaremic infections in lymphatic filariasis and its usefulness as a diagnostic tool especially in B. malayi infections, needs to be further evaluated. 相似文献
7.
Detection of filarial antigen in blood or urine samples would provide an accurate indication of active infection. The absence
of a simple, well established animal model and limitations in getting the required amount of parasite material from human
sources have been the main obstacles for the diagnosis ofWuchereria bancrofti infection. An inhibition ELISA has been developed for detection of filarial antigen using a partially purifiedBrugia malayi mf ES antigen (BmE DE1) and its affinity purified antibodies. Filarial antigen was detected in the sera of 88% of microfilaraemic,
60% of chronic filarial, 17% of endemic normal and none of the non- endemic normal subjects. The sensitivity and specificity
of the assay were 88% and 89% respectively. Moreover, undiluted urine samples from 82% of microfilaraemic and 17% of endemic
normal, but none of the non- endemic normal samples showed the presence of filarial antigen. With the limitations on the availability
of sufficient homologous parasite materials, the inhibition ELISA using BmE DE1 and anti BmE DE1 antibodies shows promise
for the detection of active infection in bancroftian filariasis in man. Moreover, its detection in urine makes it more possible
to test patients in field areas. 相似文献
8.
The reacting pattern of circulating filarial antigen fraction-2 fromWuchereria bancrofti and soluble antigen from adultBrugia malayi with bancroftian filarial sera were analysed by immunoblotting technique and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Microfilaraemic
sera reacted specifically with proteins of molecular weight 200, 120, 97, 56, 54, 43, 26 and 17 kDa of circulating Filarial
antigen fraction-2 and 44, 40, 38, 31, 22 and 18 kDa ofBrugia malayi adult soluble antigen. Clinical filarial sera identified protein molecules of 56, 54 and 42 kDa of circulating filarial antigen
fraction-2 and 19, 16 and 14 kDa ofBrugia malayi adult soluble antigen. Some components of both the antigen preparation were also identified by endemic normal serai.e.proteins 120, 97, 62, 43 and 33 kDa of circulating filarial antigen fraction-2 and 170, 120, 43, 31 and 12 kDa ofBrugia malayi adult soluble antigen. One of the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electropherosis fractions of circulating filarial
antigen fraction-2 (CFA2-8) andBrugia malayi adult soluble antigen fraction-6 when used in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay could differentiate microfilaraemic sera
from endemic normal and clinical filarial sera. The other antigen fractions (CFA2-2, 6 and 7 andBmA-2) showed a high geometric mean titre of filarial immunoglobulin G antibodies in endemic normal sera when compared to microfilaraemia
and clinical filarial sera. These proteins need to be further studied to assess their involvement in protecting from filarial
infection in an endemic area. 相似文献
9.
M. V. R. Reddy Ashok Malhotra G. B. K. S. Prasad B. C. Harinath 《Journal of biosciences》1984,6(2):165-171
TheWuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigens were fractionated into ES1, ES2, ES3 and ES4 by ultra-membrane filtration and
evaluated for their diagnostic utility by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Three of the four fractions showed antigenic
activity (ES2, ES3 and ES4). The antigen fractions ES2 and ES4 were highly active in the detection of filarial IgM antibody
in clinical filariasis and microfilaraemia respectively. The chemical characterization of the ES2 and ES4 antigen fractions
showed that they were glycoproteins 相似文献
10.
K. A. Parkhe M. V. R. Reddy K. Cheirmaraj P. Ramaprasad B. C. Harinath 《Journal of biosciences》1990,15(1):37-46
Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of circulating filarial antigen fraction-2 isolated from plasma
of microfilaraemic patients withWuchereria bancrofti infection has shown 21 bands with molecular weights ranging from 12 to 120 kDa. The gel (12 cm) was sliced at an interval
of one cm and the eluates of all the gel slicesviz., CFA2-1 to CFA2-12 showed the presence of filarial antigen by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The low molecular
weight circulating filarial antigen fractions were found to share a common epitope withWuchereria bancrofti microfilariae excretory-secretory antigen and urinary filarial antigen. The 3 antigen fractions CFA2-1, CFA2-9 and CFA2-12
showed higher sensitivity in detecting filarial immunoglobulin M antibodies than immunoglobulin G antibodies. However CFA2-9
fraction was found useful in serological differentiation of microfilaraemics from those with disease manifestations when filarial
immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected. The antigenic epitope of CFA2-1 appears to be a carbohydrate, whereas CFA2-9 appears
to be protein in nature. 相似文献
11.
Ahmed Kamal Dyab Lamia Ahmed Galal Abeer El-Sayed Mahmoud Yasser Mokhtar 《The Korean journal of parasitology》2015,53(1):77-83
Wuchereria bancrofti, Dirofilaria immitis, and Dirofilaria repens are filarial nematodes transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles genera. Screening by vector dissection is a tiresome technique. We aimed to screen filarial parasites in their vectors by single and multiplex PCR and evaluate the usefulness of multiplex PCR as a rapid xenomonitoring and simultaneous differentiation tool, in area where 3 filarial parasites are coexisting. Female mosquitoes were collected from 7 localities in Assiut Governorate, were microscopically identified and divided into pools according to their species and collection site. Detection of W. bancrofti, D. immitis, and D. repens using single PCR was reached followed by multiplex PCR. Usefulness of multiplex PCR was evaluated by testing mosquito pools to know which genera and species are used by filarial parasites as a vector. An overall estimated rate of infection (ERI) in mosquitoes was 0.6%; the highest was Culex spp. (0.47%). W. bancrofti, D. immitis, and D. repens could be simultaneously and differentially detected in infected vectors by using multiplex PCR. Out of 100 mosquito pools, 8 were positive for W. bancrofti (ERI of 0.33%) and 3 pools each were positive for D. immitis and D. repens (ERI 0.12%). The technique showed 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity. El-Nikhila, El-Matiaa villages, and Sahel Seleem district in Assiut Governorate, Egypt are still endemic foci for filarial parasites. Multiplex PCR offers a reliable procedure for molecular xenomonitoring of filariasis within their respective vectors in endemic areas. Therefore, it is recommended for evaluation of mosquito infection after lymphatic filariasis eradication programs. 相似文献
12.
D R ten Eyck 《Experimental parasitology》1973,34(1):154-161
Antibody responses to two filarial diseases of man, onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis, were evaluated with the indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT), using antigens derived from the appropriate etiologic agent. Antigenic preparations consisted of frozen cut sections of the adult Onchocerca volvulus and stage III larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti fixed to glass slides. Little difference between the preparations was demonstrated in tests for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Of 105 sera from individuals with biopsy-proven infections, 102 (97%) reacted with homologous O. volvulus antigen, and 19 of 22 (86%) with W. bancrofti antigen. In bancroftian filariasis, however, the homologously derived antigen was superior for diagnosis, and the highest seropositive rates occurred in acute, symptomatic infections. All such sera (8) reacted with homologous antigen. In contrast, only 75% (6) reacted with onchocercal antigen. Of those with chronic disease, characterized by long-standing elephantiasis or lymphedema without microfilaremia, 79% (22) were reactors to homologous antigen and 32% (9) to heterologous. The lowest seropositive rates occurred where microfilaremia was unaccompanied by local or systemic symptoms: 38% (3) were positive to homologous antigen and none to onchocercal antigen.Of sera from seven individuals apparently free of bancroftian filariasis, but living in a hyperendemic area, five reacted with bancroftian antigen and four with onchocercal antigen. These reactions could be attributed to occult infections, but more likely resulted from repeated exposure to nondeveloping infective larvae.Cross-reactions in nonfilarial infections were rare with either antigen, and no positive reactions occurred in sera from healthy controls. 相似文献
13.
Bockarie MJ Tavul L Kastens W Michael E Kazura JW 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2002,16(1):116-119
Abstract Despite the growing evidence that insecticide‐treated mosquito nets reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in a variety of epidemiological conditions, their value against lymphatic filariasis infection and disease is yet to be established. The impact of untreated bednets on the prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) (Nematoda: Filarioidea) infection and disease was investigated on Bagabag island in Papua New Guinea, where both malaria and filariasis are transmitted by the same vector mosquitoes of the Anopheles punctulatus Dönitz group (Diptera: Culicidae). Community‐wide surveys were conducted recording demographic characteristics including bednet usage. Physical examinations for hydrocoele and lymphoedema were performed and blood samples assessed for filarial and malaria parasites. Mosquitoes were sampled using the all‐night landing catch method and individually dissected to determine W. bancrofti infection and infective rates. Bednet usage among residents was 61% and the mean age of users (25.6 years) was similar to non‐users (22.5 years). Anopheles farauti Laveran was the only species were found to contain filarial larvae: 2.7% infected (all stages), 0.5% infective (L3). The overall W. bancrofti microfilaraemia and antigenaemia rates were 28.5% and 53.1%, respectively. Bednet users had lower prevalence of W. bancrofti microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and hydrocoele rates than non‐users. In comparison, untreated bednets had no effect on the prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections. The impact of bednet usage on rates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia remained significant even when confounding factors such as age, location and sex were taken into account, suggesting that untreated bednets protect against W. bancrofti infection. 相似文献
14.
Mohd Saeed Mohd Hassan Baig Preeti Bajpai Ashwini Kumar Srivastava Khurshid Ahmad Huma Mustafa 《Bioinformation》2013,9(5):233-237
Glutathione-S-transferase is a major phase-II detoxification enzyme in parasitic helminthes. Previous research highlights the
importance of GSTs in the establishment of chronic infections in cytotoxic microenvironments. Filarial nematodes depend on these
detoxification enzymes for their survival in the host. GST plays an important role in filariasis and other diseases. GST from
W.bancrofti and B.malayi are very much different from human GST. This structural difference makes GST potential
chemotherapeutic targets for antifilarial treatment. In this study we have checked the efficacy of some well known antifilarial
compounds against GST from B.malayi and W.bancrofti. The structure of BmGST was modeled using modeller9v10 and was
submitted to PMDB. Molecular docking study reveals arbindazole to be the most potent compounds against GST from both the
filarial parasites. Role of some residues playing important role in the binding of compounds within the active site of GST has also
been revealed in the present study. The BmGST and WbGST structural information and docking studies could aid in screening new
antifilarials or selective inhibitors for chemotherapy against filariasis.
Abbreviations
GST - Glutathione-S-transferase, Bm - Brugia malayi, Wb - Wuchereria bancrofti. 相似文献15.
Maribel Jiménez Luis Miguel González Cristina Carranza Begoña Bailo Ana Pérez-Ayala Antonio Muro José Luis Pérez-Arellano Teresa Gárate 《Experimental parasitology》2011,(1):282-286
The ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of two filarial nematodes, Loa loa and Mansonella perstans, was amplified and further sequenced to develop an species-specific polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) protocol for the differentiation of both species from Wuchereria bancrofti, three filarial nematodes with blood circulating microfilariae. The ITS1–PCR product digested with the restriction endonuclease Ase I generated an specific diagnostic pattern for each of the three species. Moreover, three new specific nested-PCRs, targeting the ITS1 region, for differential detection of L. loa, M. perstans and W. bancrofti were developed and used when the ITS1–PCR products were insufficient for the Ase I enzymatic digestion. These filarial species-specific molecular protocols were evaluated in forty blood samples from African adult immigrants attending in the Hospital Insular of Gran Canaria, Canarias, Spain. 相似文献
16.
Samuel Wanji Nathalie Amvongo-Adjia Benjamin Koudou Abdel Jelil Njouendou Patrick W. Chounna Ndongmo Jonas A. Kengne-Ouafo Fabrice R. Datchoua-Poutcheu Bridget Adzemye Fovennso Dizzle Bita Tayong Fanny Fri Fombad Peter U. Fischer Peter I. Enyong Moses Bockarie 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(11)
Background
Immunochromatographic card test (ICT) is a tool to map the distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti. In areas highly endemic for loaisis in DRC and Cameroon, a relationship has been envisaged between high L. loa microfilaria (Mf) loads and ICT positivity. However, similar associations have not been demonstrated from other areas with contrasting levels of L. loa endemicity. This study investigated the cross-reactivity of ICT when mapping lymphatic filariasis (LF) in areas with contrasting endemicity levels of loiasis and mansonellosis in Cameroon.Methodology/Principal Findings
A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and intensity of W. bancrofti, L. loa and M. perstans was carried out in 42 villages across three regions (East, North-west and South-west) of the Cameroon rainforest domain. Diurnal blood was collected from participants for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by ICT and assessment of Mf using a thick blood smear. Clinical manifestations of LF were also assessed. ICT positives and patients clinically diagnosed with lymphoedema were further subjected to night blood collection for the detection of W. bancrofti Mf. Overall, 2190 individuals took part in the study. Overall, 24 individuals residing in 14 communities were tested positive by ICT, with prevalence rates ranging from 0% in the South-west to 2.1% in the North-west. Lymphoedema were diagnosed in 20 individuals with the majority of cases found in the North-west (11/20), and none of them were tested positive by ICT. No Mf of W. bancrofti were found in the night blood of any individual with a positive ICT result or clinical lymphoedema. Positive ICT results were strongly associated with high L. loa Mf intensity with 21 subjects having more than 8,000 L. loa Mf ml/blood (Odds ratio = 15.4; 95%CI: 6.1–39.0; p < 0.001). Similarly, a strong positive association (Spearman’s rho = 0.900; p = 0.037) was observed between the prevalence of L. loa and ICT positivity by area: a rate of 1% or more of positive ICT results was found only in areas with an L. loa Mf prevalence above 15%. In contrast, there was no association between ICT positivity and M. perstans prevalence (Spearman’s rho = - 0.200; p = 0.747) and Mf density (Odds ratio = 1.8; 95%CI: 0.8–4.2; p = 0.192).Conclusions/Significance
This study has confirmed the strong association between the ICT positivity and L. loa intensity (Mf/ml of blood) at the individual level. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated that ICT positivity is strongly associated with high L. loa prevalence. These results suggest that the main confounding factor for positive ICT test card results are high levels of L. loa. The findings may indicate that W. bancrofti is much less prevalent in the Central African region where L. loa is highly endemic than previously assumed and accurate re-mapping of the region would be very useful for shrinking of the map of LF distribution. 相似文献17.
Prajna Gayen Sudipta Maitra Sutapa Datta Santi P. Sinha Babu 《Journal of biosciences》2010,35(1):73-77
Wolbachia are symbiotic endobacteria that infect the majority of filarial nematodes, including Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus. Recent studies have suggested that Wolbachia are necessary for the reproduction and survival of filarial nematodes and have highlighted the use of antibiotic therapy
such as tetracycline/doxycycline as a novel method of treatment for infections caused by these organisms. Before such therapy
is conceived and implemented on a large scale, it is necessary to assess the prevalence of the endosymbiont in W. bancrofti from different geographical locations. We present data from molecular and electron microscopic studies to provide evidence
for Wolbachia symbiosis in W. bancrofti microfilariae collected from two districts (Bankura and Birbhum) of West Bengal, India. 相似文献
18.
Katy L. Hamlin Delynn M. Moss Jeffrey W. Priest Jacquelin Roberts Joseph Kubofcik Katherine Gass Thomas G. Streit Thomas B. Nutman Mark L. Eberhard Patrick J. Lammie 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(12)
Antifilarial antibody testing has been established as a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing lymphatic filariasis. However, the development of serological responses to specific filarial antigens and their relationship to acquisition of infection is poorly understood. In order to evaluate whether the development of antigen specific antifilarial antibodies precedes microfilaremia and antigenemia, we compared the antibody responses of serum samples collected between 1990 and 1999 from a cohort of 142 Haitian children followed longitudinally. Antigen status was determined using the Og4C3 ELISA and the presence of microfilaremia was detected using microscopy. Antibody responses to Wb123, a Wuchereria bancrofti L3 antigen, were measured using a Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) assay. Antibody responses to Bm14 and Bm33, Brugia malayi antigens and to a major surface protein (WSP) from Wolbachia were analyzed using a multiplex bead assay. Over follow-up, 80 (56%) of the children became antigen-positive and 30 (21%) developed microfilaremia. Detectable antibody responses to Bm14, Bm33, Wb123, and WSP developed in 95%, 100%, 92%, and 29% of children, respectively. With the exception of WSP, the development of antibody responses generally preceded detection of filarial antigen. Our results show that antifilarial antibody responses can serve as an important epidemiological indicator in a sentinel population of young children and thus, may be valuable as tool for surveillance in the context of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. 相似文献
19.
A three dimensional structural model of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of the lymphatic filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti (wb) was constructed by homology modeling. The three dimensional X-ray crystal structure of porcine -class GST with PDB ID: 2gsr-A chain protein with 42% sequential and functional homology was used as the template. The model of wbGST built by MODELLER6v2 was analyzed by the PROCHECK programs. Ramachandran plot analysis showed that 93.5% of the residues are in the core region followed by 5.4 and 1.1% residues in the allowed and generously allowed regions, respectively. None of the non-glycine residues is in disallowed regions. The PROSA II z-score and the energy graph for the final model further confirmed the quality of the modeled structure. The computationally modeled three-dimensional (3D) structure of wbGST has been submitted to the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (PDB ID: 1SFM and RCSB ID: RCSB021668). 1SFM was used for docking with GST inhibitors by Hex4.2 macromolecular docking using spherical polar Fourier correlations.Figure: A three-dimensional (3D) structure of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of the lymphatic filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti (wb) was constructed by homology modeling. This modeled 3D structure of wbGST has been submitted to the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (PDB ID: 1SFM and RCSB ID: RCSB021668). 相似文献
20.
No?lle Louise O'Regan Svenja Steinfelder Gopinath Venugopal Gopala B. Rao Richard Lucius Aparna Srikantam Susanne Hartmann 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2014,8(10)