埃蜉属一新种

在海南省琼中县、除水县和乐东县发现蜉属一新种,定名为海南蜉Ｅｐｈｏｒ ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ。新种与广泛分布于欧洲、亚洲北部,相近似,但新种前翅ＭＡ脉分支占不与Ｒｓ脉第２次分支点位于同一纵线上,面在Ｒｓ脉第２次分支点之后,贞洁多脉蜉的前支ＭＡ脉分支与Ｒｓ脉第２次分支点位于同一纵线上,两者有明显的区别．     

中国蜉寄蝇属分类学研究(双翅目,寄蝇科)(英文)

蜉寄蝇属Phorocera隶属于双翅目Diptera寄蝇科Tachinidae追寄蝇业科Exoristinae追寄蝇族Exoristini,一般寄生于鳞翅口毒蛾科,夜蛾科和尺蛾科的幼虫;主要分布于古北区和新北区.该属区别于追寄蝇族Exoristini 其它属的特征为:眼后鬃列后方具黑毛,复眼具淡黄色长毛,单眼鬃位于前单眼后方,背中鬃3+3,翅内鬃0+3,腹部背板具心鬃.本文系统研究了中国蜉寄蝇属的4个已知种,勺肛蜉寄蝇P.assinilis,锥肛蜉寄蝇P.grandis,直条蜉寄蝇P.normalis和昏暗蜉寄蝇P.obscura;并首次描述了直条蜉寄蝇的雄性和采自我国辽宁本溪的1新种,辽宁蜉寄蝇Phorocera liaoningensis sp.nov.;编制了古北区本属6种雄性检索表.新种区别于近缘种勺肛蜉寄蝇的特征为:第4腹板后缘钝圆,中脉心角至中肘横脉的距离略长于心角至翅后缘的距离,雄性肛尾叶后面观端半部均匀变窄.     

小蜉属小蜉亚属一新种：蜉蝣目：小蜉科

本文记述小蜉属小蜉亚属 subgenus Ephemerella Walsh 一新种,小蜉亚属种类多,全世界已知有40种左右,广布于北美、苏联、日本等国,但中国尚未发现,因此本文也是小蜉亚属在中国的首次报道。     

柔裳蜉属亚洲种类比较及紫金柔裳蜉稚虫再描记（蜉蝣目：细裳蜉科）

柔裳蜉属Habrophlebiodes蜉蝣的亚洲种类因两阳茎在端部明显分叉而与北美种类有显著区别。本属在亚洲地区现已知4种,其中出众柔裳蜉H.prominens Ulmer的下唇须末节较长、后翅脉相独特以及翅面着色明显而易识别;吉氏柔裳蜉H.gilliesi Peters阳茎较细,两阳茎叶的基部2/3愈合;紫金柔裳蜉H.zijinensis You&Gui阳茎短粗,两阳茎叶在基部1/2愈合,端部突起也较大。与吉氏柔裳蜉相比,紫金柔裳蜉稚虫的鳃具有多而明显的气管分支;与娇弱柔裳蜉H.tenella Kang&Yang相比,紫金柔裳蜉的鳃分叉较深、气管分支更近基部,体色也较浅。柔裳蜉属稚虫的主要特征与拟细裳蜉属Paraleptophlebia和新细裳蜉属Neoleptophlebia相似,但其中舌叶具细毛簇。本属所在的细裳蜉亚科Leptophlebiinae各属之间的系统发育关系重建需要对更多材料进行更深入的研究。     

中国四节蜉属一新种(蜉蝣目：四节蜉科)

报道了采自江苏省南京紫金山麓四节蜉属一新种逸仙四节蜉Baetis yixiani sp.nov.(成虫、稚虫),该新种稚虫近似于B. laetificus,主要区别为前者腹部第1～７节有7对鳃,而后者腹部第2～７节只有6对鳃。模式标本保存于南京师范大学生物系。     

长白山区小蜉科(蜉蝣目)稚虫新记录种、亚种检索

世界上现已知小蟀科有22属190余种,我国目前仅正式报道过该科的6属15种[1]。小蜉科稚虫多生活在石质河床的清冷流水体中,常可用来监测和指示河流的水质状况。作者1984年至1995年在吉林省长白山区共采集到小蜉科的稚虫标本上千头,经鉴定发现中国新记录13种及1亚种,隶属带助蜉属Cincticostella（2种）、弯握蜉属Drunella（5种及1亚种）、小蜉属Ephemerella（4种）、锯形蜉属Serratella（1种）、天角蜉属Uracanthella（1种）[2～4]。兹列出这些稚虫的属和种检索表。小蜉科新记录种及亚种稚虫形态特征检索表la前足腿节的前缘有齿状突起,…     

中国大陆溪颏蜉属Rhithrogena分类研究及一新种描述(蜉蝣目:扁蜉科)

本文对我国大陆地区溪颏蜉属Rhithrogena作了初步的分类研究。其中,报道1新种(黄溪颏蜉Rhithrogena lutea,sp．nov．)、2个中国新记录种(贝氏溪颏蜉R．bajkovae Sowa和赖氏溪颏蜉R．lepnevae Brodsky),并对其它3种[武夷溪颏蜉R.wuyinensis(Gui et al．),comb．nov．、三刺溪颏蜉R．trispina Zhou et Zheng和东方溪颏蜉R．orientalis You(=三港溪颏蜉R．sangangensis You,新异名)]作了订正,并给出了我国己知7种的成虫检索表。新种——黄溪颏蜉R．lutea,sp．nov．,(仅知成虫,图14))标本采自四川省九寨沟县双河镇附近河旁(正模♂,副模4♂♂10♀♀,2000-VIII-11,采集人为谢强和周长发),区别于该属其它己知种的最明显特征就是阳茎无阳端突、生殖孔的边缘具2枚齿突。标本保存在南京师范大学生命科学学院。     

大鳃蜉属在中国的首次记录附一新种记述(蜉蝣目：小蜉科)

报道了中国一新纪录属,即大鳃明了 属Ｔｏｒｌｅｙａ Ｌｅｓｔａｇｅ（１９１７）,并详细描述了该属一新种,宽茎大鳃蜉Ｔ．ｇｒａｎｄｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ Ｚｈｏｕ,Ｓｕ ｅｔ Ｇｕｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．的形态特征,并将其与近似种作了比较。     

弯握蜉属在中国首次发现及一新种记述（蜉蝣目：小蜉科）

本文报道弯握蜉属Ｄｒｕｎｅｌｌａ在中国的首次发现,并对该属一新种抚松弯握蜉Ｄｒｕｎｅｌｌａ ｆｕｓｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．作了详细描述。模式标本采自吉林省抚松县,正模♂,配模♀,副模６♂♂,２９♀♀,存放在南京师范大学生物系。弯握蜉属系Ｎｅｅｄｈａｍ于１９０５年建立,迄今属中共有４０种左右。其雄成虫的主要特征是：（１）生殖器尾铗的端节长度为宽度的２－４倍;（２）尾铗第２节最长,且明显向内弯     

短尾蜉属 (蜉蝣目 :细蜉科 )在中国的首次发现及一新种记述(英文)

本文报道短尾蜉属BrachycercusCrutis (1834)在中国的首次发现 ,并对该属一新种小铗短尾蜉Brachycercusparviforcipissp .nov .的形态特征作了详细描述 ,模式标本采自云南省昆明市松花坝水库。正模 :♂成虫 ,副模 :3♂成虫 ,采集时间 :VI 2 1996 ,采集人 :周长发和王备新 ,保存在南京师范大学生物系。综合利用小铗短尾蜉雄成虫的下列特征 ,可将它与同属已知的 19种区别开来 :1)触角色浅单一 ,梗节长度是柄节的三倍以上 ;2 )胸部背板棕色 ,前足腿节基部黑色 ,第一、第二、第九、第十节的腹部背板全部及其它每节背板的后缘为棕黑色 ,其他部分为淡黄色 ;3)与同属其它种相比 ,小铗短尾蜉的尾铗短小 ,不超过阳茎长度。     

Phylogeography of the East Asian polymitarcyid mayfly genus Ephoron (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae): a comparative analysis of molecular and ecological characteristics

In East Asia, the mayfly genus Ephoron, a member of Polymitarcyidae, has been classified into three species: Ephoron eophilum, Ephoron limnobium, and Ephoron shigae. Using the nuclear histone 3 and internal transcribed spacer 1 and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of these mayflies. Ephoron limnobium formed polyphyletic relationships within the clade of Japanese E. shigae and shared identical sequences with E. shigae, suggesting that E. limnobium is a synonym of E. shigae. Monophyly was supported in E. eophilum, Korean E. shigae, and E. limnobium + Japanese E. shigae. Ephoron eophilum that co‐occurs with the other Ephoron species has several peculiar traits in its adult swarming period and karyotype. This suggests that both pre‐ and post‐zygotic isolation are likely to have promoted speciation of these Ephoron species. The divergence between E. eophilum and E. shigae would have occurred from the late Late Miocene to Early Pliocene according to the Bayesian relaxed clock model calibrated using the mitochondrial substitution rate. The area currently inhabited by E. eophilum emerged above sea level some 0.1 Mya, suggesting that E. eophilum moved into this area from other areas that it occupied prior to this time. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 109 , 181–202.     

Lamp-Lit Bridges as Dual Light-Traps for the Night-Swarming Mayfly,Ephoron virgo: Interaction of Polarized and Unpolarized Light Pollution

Ecological photopollution created by artificial night lighting can alter animal behavior and lead to population declines and biodiversity loss. Polarized light pollution is a second type of photopollution that triggers water-seeking insects to ovisposit on smooth and dark man-made objects, because they simulate the polarization signatures of natural water bodies. We document a case study of the interaction of these two forms of photopollution by conducting observations and experiments near a lamp-lit bridge over the river Danube that attracts mass swarms of the mayfly Ephoron virgo away from the river to oviposit on the asphalt road of the bridge. Millions of mayflies swarmed near bridge-lights for two weeks. We found these swarms to be composed of 99% adult females performing their upstream compensatory flight and were attracted upward toward unpolarized bridge-lamp light, and away from the horizontally polarized light trail of the river. Imaging polarimetry confirmed that the asphalt surface of the bridge was strongly and horizontally polarized, providing a supernormal ovipositional cue to Ephoron virgo, while other parts of the bridge were poor polarizers of lamplight. Collectively, we confirm that Ephoron virgo is independently attracted to both unpolarized and polarized light sources, that both types of photopollution are being produced at the bridge, and that spatial patterns of swarming and oviposition are consistent with evolved behaviors being triggered maladaptively by these two types of light pollution. We suggest solutions to bridge and lighting design that should prevent or mitigate the impacts of such scenarios in the future. The detrimental impacts of such scenarios may extend beyond Ephoron virgo.     

Life history and production of the burrowing mayfly Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) in the lower Ebro river: a comparison after 18 years

The life history of the burrowing mayfly Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) was studied during spring and summer 2005 in the lower Ebro river (Catalonia) and compared to a previous study performed in 1987 (Ibáñez, Escosa, Muñoz and Prat 1991). The results showed an advancement of Ephoron virgo life cycle and an increase of production estimates. In 2005 larval development reached the maximum size one month earlier than in 1987, and adult emergence peak began three weeks earlier. Comparing adult sex ratios (F:M), there was a major presence of females in 2005 (1:4), while the opposite was observed in 1987 (2:1). Secondary production was higher in 2005 than in 1987, obtaining 950 mg dry weight/m²/year with the increment summation method and 1080 mg dry weight/m²/year using the removal summation method. Higher water temperatures were measured for the entire 2005 larval growth period, which were related to higher air temperatures. Therefore, that temperature increment was likely the main cause of changes observed in the Ephoron virgo life cycle.     

Nymphal biology of Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera,Polymitarcyidae) in an Apenninic river (NW Italy)

Life cycle, feeding habits and nymphal density of a population of Ephoron virgo from the Bormida river (Northwestern Italy) were studied. Nymphs were present in the river from the beginning of May until August, with the highest density of nymphs recorded at the end of May–beginning of June. The life cycle was univoltine and the nymphal growth was fast. During the life cycle, an obligatory egg diapause occurs and individuals remain in this stage for up to nine months. Nymphs fed mainly on detritus, although mineral matter constituted a considerable percentage of the gut contents, predominantly in smaller nymphs.     

The Mayfly,Ephoron Virgo (Olivier), back in the Dutch parts of the rivers Rhine and Meuse

Due to severe water pollution, the mayflyEphoron virgo (Olivier) disappeared from the Dutch parts of the rivers Rhine and Meuse in the first half of this century. In August 1991, however, larvae were found in the littoral zone of the Rhine near the Dutch-German border. Later, other stages were found along the Rhine branches and a small section of the Meuse. The occurrence in The Netherlands is the result of further expansion from the upstream regions of the Rhine.     

Impact of flooding on the densities of selected aquatic insects

Data from a four-year study of five aquatic insect species,Hydropsyche betteni, H. morosa, H. bronta, Isonychia bicolor, andEphoron leucon, were utilized to evaluate the impact of a 60-year flood and a few lesser floods. The survey began in August, 1984 and was terminated in October, 1987 with the 60-year flood occurring in November, 1985. Four sampling sites were established on the South River and six quantitative samples were taken each month from each site. Gauging stations on the South River provided accurate discharge data for the sampling sites and useful historical data. Densities for the five species were utilized in the evaluation of the floods. The importance of timing is pointed out, that is, floods that occur very close together or near the end of the life cycle of an insect make it difficult to evaluate floods as disturbances. The importance of life history traits, such as behavior and egg diapause, are discussed in respect to floods. Densities were reduced to less than 50% of their average values immediately after the 60-year flood for the threeHydropsyche spp. and at three sites forI. bicolor. Ephoron leucon showed no response to the 60-year flood. Densities of the four impacted species returned to previous levels in the following generation. The 60-year flood was considered a disturbance in the near term but not for more than one generation.     

Timing of emergence of males and females of Ephoron shigae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

SUMMARY. 1. The winged adults of Ephoron shigae swarming over the water surface were collected by successive random sweeps during their daily emergence period, and the changes in sex and stage composition were examined, in the lower reach of the Asahi River in western Japan.
2. The emergence occurred mainly during a 1¹/₂ h period beginning some time after sunset. Male sub-imagos emerged synchronously and moulted to imagos in a 25 min period immediately prior to an abrupt increase of female emergence.
3. This timing of male emergence may be considered the result of selection of males to decrease the risk of death before mating, and for all the males to have an equal opportunity to mate.     

Effect of water temperature on the mass emergence of the mayfly, Ephoron shigae, in a Japanese river (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

1. Winged stages of Ephoron shigae were collected every day during their emergence period during a 6-year period from 1989 to 1994, by net sweeps or a light trap along the Asahi-gawa River in western Japan. Emergence occurred mainly in September. 2. Coefficients of determination (r²) were calculated for the regression of the mean date of emergence against cumulative degree-days during various periods from late March to early September. 3. In both sexes the highest values of r² were obtained for regression with degree-days from late June to late August. This indicates that thermal conditions during the late instars affected the emergence timing most strongly. The timing of emergence can be well predicted from the cumulative degree-days during summer.     

Seasonal dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Lower Ardèche River (France)

Seasonal sampling at six locations on the Lower Ardèche River was effected irregularly during 1982, 1983 and 1984. The seasonal structure of the taxa-sample matrix, much more important than sample location, is demonstrated using graphical interpretation.The Mediterranean aspect of the lower reaches of the Ardèche River is pointed out through its community structure which includes species often collected in other typical Mediterranean streams, e.g. Oligoneuriella rhenana, Ephoron virgo, Ecdyonurus dispar, E. insignis, Choroterpes picteti.Water temperature and day length were the determinant influences on seasonal variations in population structure of benthic macroinvertebrates. Three periods were distinguished: water (November to April), spring (May, June and beginning July) and summer (end of July to October). Spring and autumnal spates marked the limits of the summer and winter periods. Hence, annual fluctuations of this seasonal typology may occur in response to the hydrological regime.     

Reproductive mode of the geographic parthenogenetic mayfly Ephoron shigae, with findings from some new localities (Insecta: Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)

The burrowing polymitarcyid mayfly Ephoron shigae is distributed widely in Japan. Some populations are bisexual, others are unisexual, and the distributions of the two types overlap broadly. Experimental evidence of parthenogenetic reproduction, long suspected in unisexual populations, is presented here, based on a comparative analysis of the developmental rate of fertilized and unfertilized eggs. The developmental rate of fertilized eggs from 20 mated females in a bisexual population was 98.4% ± 0.73% (mean ± SD), and no unfertilized eggs from 20 virgin females in that population developed. The developmental rates of unfertilized eggs in two unisexual populations were 89.0% ± 4.59% and 84.2% ± 1.96%, respectively. This article presents experimental evidence of geographic parthenogenesis in E. shigae and provides support for the previous interpretation. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the sex ratio of each population and the developmental rate of fertilized versus unfertilized eggs from the females in those populations.