对与缺失铁钼辅基的固氮酶钼铁蛋白重组的原子簇的结构要求

棕色固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ）钼铁蛋白与邻菲口罗啉和Ｏ２ 保温并经凝胶柱层析后,成为部分缺失Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ和ＦｅＭｏｃｏ 的失活蛋白。由３ 个－ ＯＣＨ３－ 连结于Ｍｏ原子间的２ 个１Ｍｏ∶３Ｆｅ∶４Ｓ结构单位组成的原子簇与４Ｆｅ∶４Ｓ原子簇的混合液,以及由ＫＭｎＯ４、高柠檬酸铁、Ｎａ２Ｓ和二硫苏糖醇组成的重组液均可使这种失活蛋白明显恢复Ｃ２Ｈ２ 还原活性,但都不能使可被ＦｅＭｏｃｏ 激活的ｎｉｆＥ和ｎｉｆＨ 基因缺失突变种及ＵＷ ４５的Ａｐｏ－ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白得到激活。表明,不能合成ＦｅＭｏｃｏ 的固氮菌突变种蛋白只能与具有ＦｅＭｏｃｏ相似或基本相似结构的原子簇进行体外重组,而部分缺失金属原子簇的钼铁蛋白能与具有一定结构和组成的原子簇进行体外重组,变为具有催化氮还原能力的各种固氮酶组分蛋白。     

锰对部分缺失金属原子族的固氮酶钼铁蛋白的重组作用

棕色固氮菌固氮酶钼铁蛋白经邻菲罗啉的Ｏ２处理后,变为部分缺失Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ和ＦｅＭｏｃｏ的失活蛋白、经与由ＫＭｎＯ４、高柠檬酸铁、Ｎａ２Ｓ和二硫苏糖醇组成的重组液保温后,重组蛋白的吸收光谱和对Ｃ２Ｈ２、Ｈ＋和Ｎ２的还原活性都恢复至与还原钼铁蛋白相似的状态,而它的α－螺旋度和在３８０－５５０ｎｍ,６２０－６７０ｎｍ的ＣＤ谱虽有明显的恢复,但仍与还原钼铁蛋白有所不同。表明：（１）重组蛋白液既含有在     

棕色固氮菌钼铁蛋白的金属原子簇与其构象的关系

棕色固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ）固氮酶钼铁蛋白的紫外ＣＤ谱在２０５—２３５ ｎｍ 出现由峰位分别为２０８ 和２２２ ｎｍ 的双负峰组成的负槽;经邻菲口罗啉在厌氧或有氧环境中处理后,在２２２ ｎｍ 的负峰随该蛋白中Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ 和ＦｅＭｏｃｏ 含量的降低而减少。在分别由Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４、Ｎａ２Ｓ、二硫苏糖醇和高柠檬酸铁或柠檬酸铁组成的重组液重组后,上述两种处理蛋白在２２２ ｎｍ 的负峰又随其Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ和ＦｅＭｏｃｏ含量的恢复而恢复。表明,钼铁蛋白的金属原子簇与蛋白质构象间存在明显的相关性     

含铬重组液激活部分缺失金属原子簇的钼铁蛋白的研究

棕色固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ）固氮酶钼铁蛋白经邻菲口罗啉和Ｏ２ 处理后,变为部分缺失ＦｅＭｏｃｏ 和Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ的失活蛋白。与由Ｋ２ＣｒＯ４、高柠檬酸铁、Ｎａ２Ｓ和二硫苏糖醇组成的重组液保温后,处理蛋白对乙炔和质子还原的活性都得以显著恢复;然而,它的吸收光谱和圆二色谱虽有明显恢复,但仍与还原钼铁蛋白有所不同。这表明,激活蛋白中也许存在功能与钼铁蛋白相似,而结构则有所差异的含铬（ＣｒＦｅ）蛋白     

锰,铬和钼重组液及其与部分缺金属原子簇钼铁蛋白重组的比较研究

棕色固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉ）钼铁蛋白经邻菲口罗啉和Ｏ２处理后,缺失一部分ＦｅＭｏｃｏ和Ｐｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ,并失去大部分活性。高柠檬酸铁、Ｎａ２Ｓ和二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）分别与Ｋ２ＣｒＯ４、ＫＭｎＯ４和Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４按一定比例混合的具有不同颜色的重组液,均可显著激活失活的钼铁蛋白;然而,除ＤＴＴ可略提高失活蛋白的活性外,其它化合物或缺一、二种化合物的混合液均无激活能力。含９９Ｍｏ重组液与失活蛋白重组后的微分扰动角关联测定显示,该蛋白中的４１％的９９Ｍｏ的状态与克氏肺炎杆菌９９ＭｏＦｅ蛋白中的９９Ｍｏ相似,表明这种激活主要是以金属原子簇含量恢复为基础的。由此可推论出,含Ｍｎ或Ｃｒ的重组液,通过与失活钼铁蛋白重组得到含Ｍｎ或Ｃｒ的固氮酶是可能的。     

含铬重组液激活部分缺陷失金属原子族的钼铁蛋白的研究

棕色固氮菌固氮酶相铁蛋白经邻菲罗啉和Ｏ２处理,变为部分缺失ＦｅＭｏｃｏ和Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ的失活蛋白。与由Ｋ２ＣｒＯ４、高柠檬酸铁、Ｎａ２Ｓ和二硫苏糖醇组成的重组液保温后,处理蛋白对乙炔和质子还原的活性都得以显恢复,然而,它的吸收光谱和圆二色谱虽有明显恢复,但仍与还原钼铁蛋白有所不同。这表明,激活蛋白中也话存在功能与钼铁蛋白相似,而结构则有所差异的含铬蛋白。     

尿素对钼铁蛋白的活性和金属原子簇稳定性的影响

当尿素浓度高于０．５ ｍ ｏＬ／Ｌ时,棕色固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ）固氮酶钼铁蛋白的乙炔还原活性呈指数下降;而经厌氧缓冲系统稀释并保温后,又可得到明显恢复。尿素对邻菲口罗啉从还原的或部分缺失Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ 的ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白中螯合金属原子簇的Ｆｅ 原子均有较大的促进作用。还原ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白在尿素梯度凝胶电泳中的迁移率：在０～１．５ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ内,无明显变化;在１．５～５．０ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ内,线性变小;在５．０～８．０ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ内,则呈平缓状态。结果表明：（１）尿素对不同状态的ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白金属原子簇的影响程度不尽相同,而对蛋白质的变构作用是尿素影响ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白的活性和金属原子簇稳定性的主要原因;（２）ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白的构象与金属原子簇密切相关;（３）ＭｏＦｅ 蛋白在变性过程中,活性下降可能先于分子整体构象的变化     

钒铁蛋白的体外组装研究

棕色固氮菌固氮酶ＭｏＦｅ蛋白经邻菲罗啉在厌氧和有氧条件下处理后,成为部分缺失ＦｅＭｏｃｏ和Ｐ－ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ的失活蛋白,用由钒酸钠,高柠檬酸铁、Ｎａ２Ｓ和二硫硫苏糖醇组成的溶液保温后,可使这失活蛋白变为重组蛋白。重组蛋白的ＣＤ谱除５５０－６５０ｎｍ与ＭｏＦｅ蛋白存在差异外,也能与其吸收光谱和对质子还原活性一样得到基本恢复,但对Ｃ２Ｈ２的还原活性却未得到明显恢复。表明,这种重组蛋白与ＭｏＦｅ蛋白有所     

高度缺失金属原子簇的钼铁蛋白的制备及其重组

棕色固氮菌固氮酶钼铁蛋白与邻菲罗啉厌氧保温时,尿素可使钼铁蛋白丢失的Ｆｅ原子数目显著增加,在有过量Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ４存在时,每个蛋白分子失去的Ｆｅ原子数猛然增至２６－２８个,经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－２５柱层析得到的蛋白已失去８５％的乙炔还原活性,而蛋白回收率仍可达６０％。与含Ｍｏ重组液重组后,这种失活蛋白的紫外－可见圆二色谱、凝胶电泳图谱和乙炔还少在性均有所恢复,结果表明,尿素可使厌氧钼铁蛋白的ＦｅＭ     

H2O2对棕色固氮菌钼铁蛋白的损伤

棕色固氮菌固氮酶钼铁蛋白经Ｈ２Ｏ２作用后,钼铁蛋白的Ｍｏ和Ｆｅ原子含量,乙炔还原少在性,摩尔消光系数和α－螺旋度地匀显著降低,蛋白质肽链也许发生部分断一。本和纱中存在过氧化物酶。可避免Ｈ２Ｏ２对钼铁蛋白的损伤作用,表明Ｈ２Ｏ２对钼欠蛋白的金属原子簇和蛋白质结构均有明显的损伤作用,而过氧化物酶可保护固氮酶不受Ｈ２Ｏ２的破坏。     

THE CYANOBACTERIAL CHLOROPHYLL‐BINDING‐PROTEIN ISIA ACTS TO INCREASE THE IN VIVO EFFECTIVE ABSORPTION CROSS‐SECTION OF PSI UNDER IRON LIMITATION1

Iron availability limits primary production in >30% of the world’s oceans; hence phytoplankton have developed acclimation strategies. In particular, cyanobacteria express IsiA (iron‐stress‐induced) under iron stress, which can become the most abundant chl‐binding protein in the cell. Within iron‐limited oceanic regions with significant cyanobacterial biomass, IsiA may represent a significant fraction of the total chl. We spectroscopically measured the effective cross‐section of the photosynthetic reaction center PSI (σ_PSI) in vivo and biochemically quantified the absolute abundance of PSI, PSII, and IsiA in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We demonstrate that accumulation of IsiA results in a ～60% increase in σ_PSI, in agreement with the theoretical increase in cross‐section based on the structure of the biochemically isolated IsiA‐PSI supercomplex from cyanobacteria. Deriving a chl budget, we suggest that IsiA plays a primary role as a light‐harvesting antenna for PSI. On progressive iron‐stress in culture, IsiA continues to accumulate without a concomitant increase in σ_PSI, suggesting that there may be a secondary role for IsiA. In natural populations, the potential physiological significance of the uncoupled pool of IsiA remains to be established. However, the functional role as a PSI antenna suggests that a large fraction of IsiA‐bound chl is directly involved in photosynthetic electron transport.     

鱼肝铁蛋白铁核表层接受电子能力的研究

采用直接电化学技术研究Hong鱼肝铁蛋白（Liver Ferritin of Dasyatis akajei,DALF）铁核表层接受还原电子的快慢速率和释放铁的动力学级数及规律。实验结果表明,在有氧环境下,DALF铁核表层以两相行为的方式快速地从铂金电极上获得还原电子且用于释放铁反应,其释放铁的还原电们分别为－125mV－375mV(vs.NHE,下同）。在控制还原电位为－200mV和－500mV的条件下,DALF铁核表层解放铁的速率分别为11．1Fe^3 /(DALF.min)和33．3Fe^3 (DALF.min）,因而认为DALF从铂金电极接受电子和解放铁的速率快慢与还原电位高低有关。血红素不仅能络合于DALF蛋白壳（DALFh）上,而且还能加速DALFh释放铁的速率,但无法增加DALFh释放铁的总量。DALF铁核结构中的磷铁组成存在着非均匀性。DALF铁核表层磷铁结构具有接受来自于蛋白壳电子隧道提供的还原电子能力。     

钼铁蛋白铁钼辅因子的有机组分对其功能的影响

棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)固氮酶的钼铁蛋白经邻菲啰啉在厌氧或有氧环境中处理后,变为 P-cluster 单一缺失或 P-cluster 和 FeMoco 同时缺失的失活钼铁蛋白。含柠檬酸盐或高柠檬酸盐的重组液都使这两种失活蛋白能恢复固氮酶重组的 H~ 和 C_2H_2还原活性,活性恢复程度随反映钼铁蛋白中金属原子簇含量变化的圆二色和磁圆二色谱及金属含量的恢复程度的提高而提高,但它们固 N_2能力的恢复程度则不相同:P-cluster 单一缺失的蛋白用两种重组液重组后均可恢复其固 N_2能力,而 P-cluster 和 FeMoco 同时缺失的蛋白,只有用含高柠檬酸盐的重组液重组才恢复其固 N_2能力,表明含不同有机组分的重组液所组装的 P-cluster 均与天然状态相同,只有含高柠檬酸盐的重组液所组装的 FeMoco 才与天然状态相同,从而证明高柠檬酸盐是 FeMoco 的必需的有机组分。     

THE ROLE OF THE REACTIVITY AND CONTENT OF IRON OF AEROSOL DUST ON GROWTH RATES OF TWO ANTARCTIC DIATOM SPECIES1

The atmosphere is widely recognized as a major source of Fe in the form of iron‐containing dust. This study provides the first experiments in which the impact of dust on the growth rates of single species of Antarctic diatoms was assessed under laboratory conditions. The dust was among others characterized by x‐ray powder diffraction analysis, analysis of total and amorphous Fe content, and dissolution rates of Fe in seawater. The amount of bioavailable Fe from the dust was determined, not via the complicated chemistry of Fe in seawater but by using diatoms as bioindicators for available Fe. Cultures of two large diatom species, Actinocyclus sp. and Thalassiosira sp., were amended with potential dust aerosols from two dust‐supplying regions, Namibia and Mauritania, and responses on growth rates were monitored. Apart from a difference in total Fe content, a difference in crystallinity existed in the Fe minerals of both dust types. The fraction of amorphous Fe was reflected in a higher reactivity/dissolution of Fe in seawater. The increase in growth rate upon dust addition was positively related with the amount of amorphous Fe in the dust and with the dissolution rate of Fe in seawater. However, compared with equal FeCl₃ concentrations, the dissolved Fe from the dust was not completely available for the diatoms. Interestingly, the diatoms used only a small part of the dissolved Fe, demonstrating the importance of algae as bioindicators.     

幽门螺杆菌表面抗原免疫保护作用的体外与活体研究

目的：调查幽门螺杆菌（Hp)几种表面蛋白体外对T细胞增殖的影响和在小鼠体内的免疫保护作用。方法：评价Hp全菌抗原、尿原酶（Urease)、黏附素（hpaA)、外膜蛋白25（Hop25)和38（Hop38)对人外周血T细胞及小鼠CD4^ T细胞增殖的影响;与佐剂合用,评价上述重组蛋白对小鼠Hp感染的免疫预防作用。结果：Urease和Hop25可刺激人及鼠T细胞增殖,hapA只能刺激Hp^ PBL增殖,而Hop38则有毒性作用;Hop25和Hop38均可产生60％的完全保护,hpaA可产生100％的部分保护即降低细菌定植密度,而Urease只能产生40％的部分保护。结论：外膜蛋白可能是一组高效的Hp疫苗免疫原;其长期免疫效果及对T细胞功能的活体调节作用尚需进一步评价。国际上尚未见相关报道。     

重金属离子对酵母影响的研究

本文探讨了培养基中不同浓度的重金属离子（Ｃｒ^＋２、Ｐｂ^＋２）对酵母的影响。实验结果表明,重金属离子的浓度越高,酵母菌的一系列生理生化指标：如每个培养皿的菌落数、细胞直径、蛋白质、核酸及可溶性糖的含量都有不同程度的降低。     

IMPACT OF IRON LIMITATION ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF THE DIATOM CHAETOCEROS MUELLERI (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)

Iron starvation induced marked increases in flavodoxin abundance and decreases in light-saturated and light-limited photosynthesis rates in the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. Consistent with the substitution of flavodoxin for ferredoxin as an early response to iron starvation, increases of flavodoxin abundance were observed before declines of cell division rate or chl a specific photosynthesis rates. Changes in the abundance of flavodoxin after the addition of iron to iron-starved cells indicated that flavodoxin was not actively degraded under iron-replete conditions. Greater declines in light-saturated oxygen evolution rates than dark oxygen consumption rates indicated that the mitochondrial electron transfer chain was not affected as greatly by iron starvation as the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. The carbon:nitrogen ratio was unaffected by iron starvation, suggesting that photosynthetic electron transfer was a primary target of iron starvation and that reductions in nitrate assimilation were due to energy limitation (the C:N ratio would be expected to rise under nitrogen-limited but energy-replete conditions). Parallel changes were observed in the maximum light-saturated photosynthesis rate and the light-limited initial slope of the photosynthesis-light curve during iron starvation and recovery. The lowest photosynthesis rates were observed in iron-starved cells and the highest values in iron-replete cells. The light saturation parameter, I_k, was not affected by iron starvation, nor was the chl-to-C ratio markedly reduced. These observations were consistent with iron starvation having a similar or greater effect on photochemical charge separation in PSII than on downstream electron transfer steps. Declines of the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence in iron-starved cells were consistent with PSII being a primary target of iron starvation. The functional cross-section of PSII was affected only marginally (<20%) by iron starvation, with the largest values observed in iron-starved cells. The rate constant for electron transfer calculated from fast repetition rate fluorescence was found to covary with the light-saturated photosynthesis rate; it was lowest in the most severely starved cells.     

豇豆花叶病毒衣壳蛋白编码区在中间组份的RNA核苷酸序列上的定位(英文)

对豇豆花叶病毒两个衣壳蛋白(VP37和VP23)的氨基端和羧基端氨基酸序列进行了分析,这些结果可以允许VP37和VP23编码区在病毒中间组份(M)RNA的核苷酸序列上进行基因定位。这两个编码区是相邻的,并表明,从M RNA的原始翻译产物中释出VP37和VP23的蛋白酶解部位,分别是谷氨酰胺-甲硫氨酸和谷氨酰胺-甘氨酸二肽序列。     

五种啮齿类动物核型和血清蛋白质的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析

本文对5种啮齿类动物(岩松鼠、花鼠、五趾跳鼠、棕背(鼠平)和岢岚绒鼠)的核型及其血清蛋白质的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行了分析。通过分析结果,探讨了它们的核型及血清蛋白在其分类中的意义。