不同固磷方式对巢湖沉积物磷吸附行为的影响

内源磷负荷将严重阻碍富营养化湖泊的恢复,其控制技术的关键在于有效增强沉积物吸附磷的能力,而相关研究相对较少。研究以典型富营养化湖泊(巢湖)严重污染区域的沉积物为实验对象,系统比较了常规固磷方式(施用CaCl2、FeCl3、AlCl3与曝气)对沉积物磷吸附行为和间隙水溶解态可反应磷(SRP)浓度的影响。结果表明:施用不同剂量的CaCl2之后,沉积物磷最大吸附量和吸附能均无显著变化,间隙水SRP浓度和沉积物磷平衡浓度(EPC0)仅有较小幅度的下降;FeCl3和AlCl3的施用可明显增加沉积物磷的最大吸附量和吸附能,同时有效降低间隙水SRP浓度和EPC0值,即沉积物显示更强的从水中吸附磷的能力。当同处低剂量水平时,铁能更有效地降低沉积物EPC0值;反之,曝气对沉积物最大吸附量和吸附能均无显著影响,却明显提高了间隙水SRP浓度和沉积物EPC0值,进而导致更强的磷释放风险。故建议将适量铁的施用作为富营养化湖泊沉积物修复的有效技术,且慎用曝气处理。     

三种鱼的磷排泄及其在微型生态系统磷再循环中的作用

在考查罗非鱼或鲢、鳙下行影响的微型生态系统实验后期 ,对三种鱼的特定正磷酸盐 (PO4 P)排泄率进行了测定 ,并且估算了系统中实验鱼的PO4 P排泄率。结果表明 ,在个体大小相同的情况下 ,罗非鱼的特定PO4 P排泄率明显地高于链、鳙 ,似乎同它们的食物含磷量无关而由其体组织含磷量所决定 ;放养罗非鱼的系统中鱼的PO4 P排泄率比放养链、鳙的系统平均高 2倍多 ,其磷排泄对浮游植物的PO4 P供给率分别为 10 0 %— 15 8%和 6 1%—7 5 %。根据有鱼系统中PO4 P的供求关系和实验结束时磷分布的观测结果推断 ,沉积物的磷释放是系统中磷再生的主要途径 ,而实验鱼调节系统磷再循环的主要机制是排粪。     

PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN THE MONIMOLIMNION OF SWARTVLEI

SUMMARY

The exchange of phosphorus between the bottom sediment and monimolimnion of Swartvlei, a meromictic, humic lake, was investigated during the last three months of 1980. The concentrations of oxygen, dissolved salts, phosphorus and Fe⁺⁺ in the water column were monitored, and electrode potentials in the bottom mud were measured, at approximately weekly intervals. At the same time laboratory experiments were performed, using Jenkin core samples, to observe the effect of changing oxygen concentration and salinity on phosphate exchange between sediment and water, and on electrode potentials at the sediment-water interface. Phosphorus was released under unaerobic conditions at a rate of 2,5 mg P m^?2 d^?1 and was taken up again under aerobic conditions at 1,6 mg P m^?2 d^?1 These values were in agreement with existing observed data on changes in phosphate concentration.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IN ANABAENA1

Several aspects of the metabolism and composition of a strain of Anabaena have been studied during phosphorus deficiency. The effects of medium composition, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and illumination on alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphate uptake have been examined. Of particular interest among these results was the dependence of maximum alkaline phosphatase activity on Ca and of phosphate uptake on Mg. Depletion of dissolved phosphate from the culture medium runs accompanied by a marked increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, initial rate of phosphate uptake, and total amount of phosphate taken up to satisfaction of the phosphorus debt. Readdition of phosphate to a phosphorus-deficient culture resulted in a rapid decline in the ability to take up phosphate but no loss of alkaline phosphatase beyond dilution of activity already present. Entry into phophorus deficiency was accompanied by a loss of heterocysts, a decline in chlorophyll a, protein, RNA, and cellular phosphorus, and an increase in carbohydrate per unit dry weight. The possible use of these changes as physiological indicators of phosphorus limitation in natural situations is discussed.     

SOME ASPECTS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS IN LAKE McILWAINE,RHODESIA: PHOSPHORUS LOADING AND ABIOTIC RESPONSES

SUMMARY

This study was designed to investigate the apparent loss from the water column in Lake McIlwaine This study of significant quantities of reactive phosphorus. The Total Reactive Phosphorus mass-balance for the lake for 1977/78 was calculated, and both in situ and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effect of the lake sediments on the phosphorus loading of the lake. The experimental results showed that both uptake and release of phosphorus occurs in the lake, but that uptake of phosphorus by the sediments was by far the dominant process, thus accounting for the observed loss of phosphorus from the water column. The availability of the bound phosphorus for algal growth was also studied and it is suggested that algal uptake of bound phosphorus is possible. Various factors affecting phosphorus uptake by the sediments are discussed.     

藻细胞的聚磷作用及其成矿意义

研究了现代蓝藻盐泽螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｓｕｂｓａｌｓａ）在富磷环境中细胞的聚磷作用及其与磷块岩形成的关系。实验证明,在富磷环境中盐泽螺旋藻细胞从环境中吸收磷的速度快,并主要用以合成多聚磷酸盐。模拟成矿试验证明,从藻细胞中提取出来的多聚磷酸盐在Ｃａ２＋ －ＨＰＯ２－４ －ＨＣＯ－３ －Ｆ－ －Ｈ２Ｏ 体系中,在常温常压及偏碱性条件下形成的主要成分为碳氟磷灰石、方解石及非晶质磷酸盐的矿物,为藻类成矿提供了新的极有意义的证据     

不同杉木无性系磷素特性的比较

通过土培试验,进行磷素胁迫条件下不同杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)无性系磷素特性的比较研究。结果表明:在磷胁迫条件下不同杉木无性系的干物质积累、磷素吸收效率和磷素利用效率均存在显著差异。随着磷胁迫的加剧,不同杉木无性系的干物质积累量和磷素吸收效率下降,而磷素利用效率增强。总体而言,8、9、24、37号无性系的干物质积累量受胁迫影响最小,23号无性系受胁迫影响最大。其中8号无性系的磷素吸收和利用效率均较高,24、37号无性系的磷素吸收效率较高,而9号无性系的磷素利用效率较高,23号无性系的磷素吸收和利用效率均较低。 在磷胁迫条件下,杉木无性系可通过提高磷素吸收效率和利用效率途径来提高杉木对环境磷素的利用。     

不同水平磷对磷饥饿墨兰某些生化特性的影响

本文研究不同水平磷对磷饥饿墨兰［Ｃｙｍｂｉｄｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ（Ａｎｄｒ．）Ｗｉｌｌｄ］植株某些生化特性的影响．随着ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４浓度的增高,植株中的无机磷酸、磷脂酸、肌醇六磷酸、磷酸已糖、高能磷酸化合物和核酸等的含量都有不同程度的提高,其中以肌醇六磷酸提高最显著．酸性磷酸酯酶活性与磷浓度呈负相关．０．２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨ２ＰＯ４可能基本满足墨兰植株生长的要求．缺磷时叶片的蛋白质、无机磷酸和可溶性糖的含量较低,而游离氨基酸和淀粉的含量较高．因此,缺磷条件下生长的植株矮小的原因,可能主要是缺乏蛋白质。     

富营养化湖泊沉积物磷原位控制技术

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富营养化湖泊沉积物磷原位控制技术简

正湖泊沉积物是指湖泊中沉积的物质,湖泊中大量营养盐富集在沉积物中。水体中各形态的磷通过污水排入、地表径流及水生生物残骸等多种途径输入至湖泊,在温度、上覆水pH、溶解氧及氧化还原电位等环境因素的影响下,经过一系列变化,其中水体中的部分磷在沉积物吸附、化学絮凝、共沉淀等作用下蓄存于湖泊沉积物中,