Gastrointestinal helminths of fish-eating birds from Chiloe Island, Chile

Of four species of fish-eating birds from Chiloé Island (Chile), three were infected with eight species of helminths. Tetrabothrius sp. was found in Larus scoresbii. Tetrabothrius cylindraceus, Profilicollis antarcticus, Anomotaenia dominicanus, Stephanoprora denticulata, Capillaria sp. and P. antarcticus were found in Larus dominicanus. Contracaecum rudolphii and Corynosoma sp. infected Phalacrocorax olivaceus. With the exception of S. denticulata, C. rudolphii and Capillaria sp., the above helminths are reported for the first time from Chile.     

The presence and possible function of methylmalonyl CoA mutase and propionyl CoA carboxylase in Spirometra mansonoides.

Both spargana and adult forms of Spirometra mansonoides were shown to accumulate lactate, succinate, acetate, and propionate upon in vitro incubation. Adults differed markedly from the spargana in that quantitatively the most significant products of the former were acetate and propionate while the latter formed primarily acetate and lactate. The adults accumulated approximately 32 times more propionate than the spargana per gram of tissue. In accord with this propionate formation, propionyl CoA carboxylase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase have been found to be present in both stages of the parasite. As might be predicted, however, the activities of the carboxylase and mutase were 100-fold and 10-fold higher, respectively, in the adults as compared to the larvae. A possible physiological relationship between propionate formation and energy generation is suggested. Accordingly, inorganic 32P was incorporated into ATP upon incubation of methylmalonyl CoA with a homogenate obtained from adult S. mansonoides. Since methylmalonyl CoA mutase requires vitamin B12 coenzyme, a relationship between vitamin B12 content and propionate formation in helminths is suggested.     

Metabolic fate of cyanocobalamin taken up by Spirometra mansonoides spargana.

Analysis of tissue from Spirometra mansonoides spargana has shown that cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is metabolized to adenosylcobalamin and hydroxocobalamin. No methylcobalamin was detected. When the tissues were examined for enzymes which are known to utilize coenzyme forms of vitamin B12, only methylmalonyl CoA mutase, which requires adenosylcobalamin was found. The enzyme, tetrahydropteroylglutamate methyltransferase, which requires methylcobalamin as a cofactor, was not detected. A sizable portion of the cyanocobalamin taken up was bound to ammonium sulfate-precipitable material, suggesting that the binding substance is a protein. Vitamin B12 taken up by spargana was found to be released in vivo with a biological half-life of about 7 weeks.     

Description of a new Capillariinae (Nematoda: Trichuridae) from Scapteromys aquaticus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina

A new species of Capillaria is described on the basis of specimens recovered from the intestine of the swamp rat Scapteromys aquaticus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from Argentina. Capillaria alainchabaudi n. sp. and a peculiar species from Australian marsupials are the only 2 species of Capillaria sensu stricto parasitic in mammals. A comparison with the Australian species and with the 18 species of this genus described from other vertebrates from the Western Hemisphere is given. The separation of the new species is based on morphologic and morphometrical features, such as intestine ending in cloaca beside ejaculatory duct, 2 lateral nonmembranous caudal lobes, 2 pairs of caudal non-pedunculated papillae, terminal part of cylindrical cirrus ornamented with thin and thick spines, spicule with apex not well sclerotized in the males, a conspicuous vulvar appendage in the females, and 2 bacillary bands. A survey of the literature revealed that the species of Capillariinae from rodents belong to 9 genera, and the total number of species is low compared to the high diversity and abundance of the hosts, particularly if the modern Muroidea are considered.     

中国台湾秃蝗亚科一新属四新种(直翅目，斑腿蝗科)(英文)

记述了采自中国台湾斑腿蝗科秃蝗亚科1新属台秃蝗属Taipoodisma gen. nov. 和4新种：红股台秃蝗Taipodisma rufifemora sp. nov., 谢氏台秃蝗Taipodisma hsiehi sp. nov., 周氏台秃蝗Taipodisma chowi sp. nov., 黑胫台秃蝗Taipodisma nigritibia sp. nov.。新属台秃蝗属Taipoodisma gen. nov.同蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang, 1940近似,不同之处为前胸背板后缘中央缺凹口,中隆线在沟前区不显,在沟后区留有痕迹。新属同辽秃蝗属Liaopodisma Zheng, 1990也近似,不同之处为雄性后胸腹板两侧叶分开,不毗连。新种红股台秃蝗T. rufifemora sp. nov. 后足股节内侧和下方红色可与同属其他种相区别。新种谢氏台秃蝗T. hsiehi sp. nov. 缺黑色眼后带可与同属其他种相区别。新种周氏台秃蝗T. chowi sp. nov. 同红股台秃蝗T. rufifemora sp. nov.近似,不同之处为后足股节内侧和下方非红色。新种黑胫台秃蝗T. nigritibia sp. nov. 同周氏台秃蝗T. chowi sp. nov.近似,不同之处为前胸背板沿中隆线缺黑色纵带和前翅黄褐色,缺黑色带纹。列出了该属的种检索表。     

A new family, genus, and seven new species of Entodiniomorphida (Protozoa) from the gut of African rhinoceros

This report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis (linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) from southern Africa. A new genus, Rhinozeta, based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. The species described are R. rhinozeta n. sp., R. triciliata n. sp., R. caecalis n. sp., R. addoensis n. sp., R. cristata n. sp., R. multiplatus n. sp., and R. unilaminatus n. sp. The specific features of the new genus make it incompatible with any of the known families of the Order Entodiniomorphida containing the ciliates present in the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals. This merits the creation of a new family, the Rhinozetidae.     

Helminth community structure of the Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus) in Southern Italy

The helminth community of the Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus) from the Calabria region in southern Italy was examined. Ten species of helminths, including 2 cestodes (Alcataenia larina and Tetrabothrius cylindraceus), 4 digeneans ( Aporchis massiliensis , Brachylaima fuscatum, Cardiocephaloides longicollis, and Ornithobilharzia canaliculata), and 4 nematodes (Eucoleus contortus, Capillaria sp., Cosmocephalus obvelatus, and Paracuaria adunca), were found. The Mediterranean gull represents new host records for A. larina, A. massiliensis, B. fuscatum, and E. contortus; all species, except C. longicollis and O. canaliculata, constitute new locality records. The gastrointestinal helminth community of I. melanocephalus consisted of 9 species but, at the infracommunity level, species richness, diversity, and total helminth abundance are among the lowest reported from any gull species. Two cestode species accounted for 81% of all helminth specimens found.     

A New Family, Genus, and Seven New Species of Entodiniomorphida (Protozoa) from the Gut of African Rhinoceros

ABSTRACT. This report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) from southern Africa. A new genus, Rhinozeta , based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. The species described are R. rhinozeta n. sp., R. triciliata n. sp., R. caecalis n. sp., R. addoensis n. sp., R. cristata n. sp., R. multiplatus n. sp., and R. unilaminatus n. sp. The specific features of the new genus make it incompatible with any of the known families of the Order Entodiniomorphida containing the ciliates present in the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals. This merits the creation of a new family, the Rhinozetidae.     

Metazoan parasites of the thumb grenadier Nezumia pulchella, from the south-eastern Pacific, off Chile, and their use for discrimination of host populations

The parasite communities of Nezumia pulchella across its geographical range in the south-eastern Pacific were described, from 217 fish captured from four localities in northern and central Chile (24° S to 33° S). Five ectoparasites and 13 endoparasites were recorded and the highest prevalence and intensity of infection was found for the copepods Jusheyhoea macrura and Clavella sp. 1, for the monogenean Diclidophora sp. and for the larval acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe . Parasite species richness decreased with latitude. Multivariate discriminant analysis and correspondence analysis supported the use of parasites of N. pulchella to discriminate populations of this host, suggesting the existence of three well-defined host populations in the geographical range examined. Jusheyhoea macrura , C. australe , Lophoura sp., Diclidophora sp., Capillaria sp. and Proleptus sp. were the most important species for discriminant analysis.     

Parasites in social subterranean Zambian mole-rats (Cryptomys spp., Bathyergidae, Rodentia)

Three out of 18 examined common mole-rats ( Cryptomys sp., Xkaryotype 2n = 58) from Zambia were infested with cestodes ( Inermicapsifer nmdagascariensis and an undetermined species) and a nematode ( Protospirura muricola ). Four out of 14 examined Zambian giant mole-rats ( Cryptomys mechowi ) hosted cestodes ( Raillietina (R) sp. and an undetermined species) and nematodes ( Protospirura muricola, Capillaria sp.). Helminths and circumstances of findings are briefly described. No ectoparasites were found. The influences of subterranean and social way of life and feeding habits upon occurrence of parasites in mole-rats are discussed. Burrow conditions and social behaviour seem not to favour infestation by parasites.     

Helminths of white-bellied opossum from Brazil

Helminths were collected from 22 specimens of the white-bellied opossum (Didelphis albiventris) captured in the region of Pampulha (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), from May 1985 to March 1995. Ten species of helminths were collected; these included Rhopalias coronatus, Brachylaema migrans, Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Turgida turgida, Gongylonema sp., Viannaia hamata, Travassostrongylus orloffi, Trichuris didelphis and Capillaria sp.     

Intestinal parasites of Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) in Costa Rica

In a sample of 23 breeding places of pacas (Agouti paca) in Costa Rica, the following parasites were found: Eimeria agoutii, Balantidium coli, Capillaria sp., Trichuris sp., Taenia sp., Strongyloides sp., and members of the superfamilies Strongyloidea and Ascaroidea.     

华北太行山北段高于庄组微古植物的新发现

长城群高于庄组主要分布于我国华北地区,地质年龄约在14－16亿年。主要描述了华北太行山北段灵邱县境内高于组白云岩中的层状和扁豆状透镜体燧石及穹隆式叠层石的黑色燧石中的颤藻、念珠藻和色球藻植物的8个新种和3个未定种,其中还有两个新修订属。这些新的促群再加上前人在高于庄组地层中已报道的汇成了近100个种生物组合,进一步证明高于庄组地地球上中元代微化石类群最丰富的产地之一。以下是该 新发现和新修订的分类类群：颤藻科（Oscillatoriaceae): Eophormkidium orculiformis sp. nov., E. sp., Siphonophycus caudataceous sp. nov., Palaeolyngbya complanata sp. nov., P. capitata sp. nvo., P. sp., Oscilaltoriopsis sp.;念珠藻科（Nosto-caceae):Veteronostiocale vaginata sp.nov.;色球藻科（Chroococcaceae):Maculosphaera giganta sp.nov.,Gloeotheceopsis grandis sp.nov.;分类位置未定的类群：Myxococcoides limpida sp.nov.。     

New Microorganisms from the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Northern Taihang Mountains,China

A new diverse assemblage of microorganisms has been discovered in black bedded, nodular and lenticular cherts and dark chert of domical stromatolites in dolostone of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Lingqiu County, northern Taihang Mountains. The geologic relationships, biostratigraphic correlations, and available radiometric age determinations place the age of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation at approximately 1 400-1 600 million years in age. Eight new species, three unnamed species, and two emended genera of oscillatoriacean, nostocacean, and chroococcacean cyanobacteria are described. These data coupled with reports of others indicate that the diversity of taxa in the Gaoyuzhuang Formation reaches 100 species. The Gaoyuzhuang Formation contains one of the richest Mesoproterozoic communities of microfossils. The following new and emended taxa are described: Oscillatoriaceae: Eophormidium orculiformis sp. nov., E . sp., Siphonophycus caudataceous sp. nov., Palaeolyngbya complanata sp. nov., P. capitata sp. nov., P . sp. and Oscillatoriopsis sp..Nostocaceae: Veteronostocale vaginata sp. nov.. Chroococcaceae: Maculosphaera giganta sp. nov. and Gloeotheceopsis grandis sp. nov. Incertae sedis: Myxococcoides limpida sp. nov.     

中国台湾蹦蝗属三新种及种检索表（直翅目，蝗总科，斑腿蝗科，秃蝗亚科）（英文）

记述了中国台湾蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang, 1940 3个新种。新种黄氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma huangi sp. nov. 同素木蹦蝗S. shirakii (Tinkham, 1936) 近似,但前胸背板的眼后带下缘具长方形黑斑和体较大,体长雄性为21.3~21.8 mm,雌性29.3 mm。 新种徐氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma xui sp. nov. 近似黄氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma huangisp. nov.,不同之处为前胸背板沿中隆线缺黑色纵带纹,后缘中央具浅的凹陷,前胸背板黑色眼后带下方具倾斜纹, 腹板中隔长等于最狭处。新种杨氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma yangi sp. nov. 近似台湾蹦蝗formosana (Shiraki, 1910),不同之处为体较细,黑色眼后带在前胸背板下缘具长方形突出带,向后到达腹部未端,腹板中隔长为最狭处的1.2 倍。列出了产于台湾的蹦蝗属8个种的检索表。     

云南的金鹬虻属五新种（双翅目：鹬虻科）

本文报道了在云南发现的金鹬虻属五新种,并与已发表种作了必要的比较。     

Helminths of California quail (Callipepla californica) and mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) in western Oregon

Eighty California quail (Callipepla californica), collected from the E. E. Wilson Wildlife Area near Monmouth, Oregon (USA) during a 22 mo period, were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Eight birds were infected with three species of nematodes, Heterakis isolonche, Dispharynx nasuta, and Capillaria sp., and two species of cestodes, Rhabdometra odiosa and Davainea sp. Except for D. nasuta, prevalence did not exceed 5% despite mesic conditions in the collection area. Two mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) were collected from Lane County, Oregon (USA), near Blue River Reservoir; both were infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis.     

Intestinal helminths infection of rats (Ratus norvegicus) in the Belgrade area (Serbia): the effect of sex, age and habitat

SUMMARY: Gastrointestinal helminths of Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) from the Belgrade area were studied as a part of a wider ecological research of rats in Serbia (data on the distribution, population ecology, economic and epizoothiological-epidemiological importance, and density control). Rats were captured from May 2005 to July 2009 at both urban and suburban-rural sites. Of a total of 302 trapped rats 48% were males and 52% females, with 36.5% and 38.8% of juvenile-subadult individuals, per sex respectively. Intestinal helminth infection was noted in 68.5% of rats, with a higher prevalence in male hosts and in adult individuals. Higher numbers of infected juveniles-subadults were noted in suburban-rural habitats, while an opposite tendency was noted in adult rats. Seven helminth species were recovered, of which five were nematode (Heterakis spumosa, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Capillaria sp., Trichuris muns and Syphacia muris) and two cestode species (Hymenolepis diminuta and Rodentolepis fraterna). The most prevalent parasites were Heterakis spumosa (36.7%) and Hymenolepis diminuta (30.5 %). Sex and habitat-related differences were noted in the prevalence of infection with Capillaria sp. and Trichuris muris, while there were no age-related differences in the prevalence of infection with any individual helminth species. Significantly higher prevalence of infection was noted in summer as compared to spring or winter, with a tendency to be higher in autumn as compared to spring. The only significant difference in the prevalence of infection between habitat-related was noted during spring. H. spumosa was most prevalent in summer, while H. diminuta and N. brasiliensis in autumn. The mean intensity of infection with H. spumosa, R. fraterna, S. muris and T muris was higher in autumn than in the other seasons, while N. brasiliensis and Capillaria sp. occured in winter. No more than four helminth species were found in one host.     

银耳科的三个新种

本文报道了银耳目银耳科的3个新种——黑褐德克耳(Ductifera nigro-brunnea Peng)、黑蜡壳菌(Sebacina fuscata Peng)和长担银耳(Tremella longibasidia Peng)。其形态特征,黑褐德克耳与钙德克耳(Ductifera calcarea Lowy)接近,但前者担子常具柄状基部,担孢子为卵形可与之区别;黑蜡壳菌与蜡壳菌[Sebacina incrustans(Pers.ex Fr.)Tul.]接近,但黑蜡壳菌担子果为黑色膜状,担子有短柄状基部;长担银耳与波纳银耳。(Tremella boraborensis Olive)接近,但前者担子果为黑色,菌丝无小鳞茎状结构,下担子头部决无横分隔者。对这三个新种进行了汉文和拉丁文描述。     

Paleoparasitological records in a canid coprolite from Patagonia, Argentina

In this note, organic remains identified as a canid coprolite were examined. The material was dated at 6540 +/- 110 B.P.; it was collected in the Perito Moreno National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina. Paleoparasitological analysis was performed following standard procedures. Coprolite fragments were rehydrated in a trisodium phosphate aqueous solution and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation for microscope analysis. Eggs of nematodes identified as Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp., Uncinaria sp., and an ascaridid (probably Toxascaris sp.) or spirurids (presumably Physaloptera sp.), plus a cestode (Anoplocephalidae), presumably Moniezia sp., were found.