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1.
Contrasting effects of manure and green waste biochars on the properties of an acidic ferralsol and productivity of a subtropical pasture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. G. Slavich K. Sinclair S. G. Morris S. W. L. Kimber A. Downie L. Van Zwieten 《Plant and Soil》2013,366(1-2):213-227
Background and Aim
We hypothesised that amending an acidic ferralsol with biochar would improve the productivity of a subtropical dairy pasture via reducing soil acidity related constraints and result in improved nitrogen use efficiency. We examined two contrasting biochars with different carbon, nutrient content and acid neutralising values.Methods
Field plots were amended with one of three biochar treatments (Nil, feedlot manure biochar [FM], green waste biochar [GW]) in combination with presence or absence of NPK fertiliser and presence or absence of liming. The FM and GW biochars had a carbon content of 44 and 76 %, available phosphorous of 5,960 and 93 mg kg?1, and liming values of 13 and 5.6 %, respectively. The pasture was managed to supply year round high quality feed for dairy production.Results
The FM biochar increased total pasture productivity by 11 % and improved the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency by 23 %. It also reduced soil acidity but did not significantly affect the pH dependent soil cation exchange capacity. The GW biochar did not improve pasture productivity. Both biochars resulted in an increase in the soil carbon density.Conclusions
The high available phosphorous content of FM biochar makes it an effective amendment for acidic ferralsols. Greenwaste biochar did not have sufficient acid neutralising capacity or phosphorous content to reduce soil acidity constraints. Both biochars enhance soil carbon storage in pasture systems on ferralsol. 相似文献2.
High surface area biochar negatively impacts herbicide efficacy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Background and Aims
Amendment of soil by biochar may reduce efficacy of soil-applied herbicides due to sorption.Methods
Bioassays with Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) tested the influence of two biochars on phytoavailability of S-metolachlor and sulfentrazone under biochar amendment of 0, 13, 26 and 52?Mg?ha-1.Results
Adsorption of both herbicides was an order of magnitude greater on a high specific surface area (SSA) biochar (EUC-800; SSA 242?m2?g-1) than on a low SSA biochar (BC-1; SSA 3.6?m2?g-1). Herbicide doses near the lowest recommended label rates controlled the weed at 13 and 26?Mg?ha-1 of BC-1; sulfentrazone was also effective at 52?Mg BC-1?ha-1. These same herbicide doses controlled weed germination and development only at 13?Mg?ha-1 of EUC-800; at herbicide doses near the highest label rates, weed control was also achieved at 26?Mg EUC-800?ha-1, but not at 52?Mg EUC-800?ha-1.Conclusions
Increased doses of soil-applied herbicides cannot necessarily offset decreases in herbicide phytoavailability in biochar-amended soils, particularly if the biochar has a high SSA. Considering the long half-life of biochar in soil, pest control needs will be best served by low SSA biochars. 相似文献3.
Background and aims
Biochar is known to decrease soil bulk density, increase nutrient and water retention, and to suppress certain soil-borne pathogens. The aims of our glasshouse and field experiments were to; 1) determine whether biochar amendments impact the severity of soybean root rot caused by Fusarium virguliforme; 2) to determine if biochar reduces severity of root rot by changes in physicochemical properties of soil; 3) whether biochar induces systemic resistance to root rot in soybean plants.Results
Results of the first glasshouse pot study indicate that biochars differ significantly in their effect on root rot caused by F. virguliforme, as two of eight biochars significantly suppressed root rot severity. Results for the second glasshouse pot study indicate that disease suppression was not related to changes in soil physicochemical properties (bulk density, soil moisture, soil pH). A third split-root experiment provided no evidence that biochar amendments are capable of inducing systemic resistance in soybean plants. Results of the small plot experiment proved that biochar was effective at reducing visual above ground symptoms of SDS, but did not affect soybean grain yields.Conclusions
Both systemic and indirect effects of biochar on SDS root rot severity have been eliminated in the present study; further research is needed to determine whether suppression of root rot severity is related to changes in soil microbial communities induced by biochar.4.
Marcus Hardie Brent Clothier Sally Bound Garth Oliver Dugald Close 《Plant and Soil》2014,376(1-2):347-361
Aims
This study aims to (i) determine the effects of incorporating 47 Mg ha?1 acacia green waste biochar on soil physical properties and water relations, and (ii) to explore the different mechanisms by which biochar influences soil porosity.Methods
The pore size distribution of the biochar was determined by scanning electron microscope and mercury porosimetry. Soil physical properties and water relations were determined by in situ tension infiltrometers, desorption and evaporative flux on intact cores, pressure chamber analysis at ?1,500 kPa, and wet aggregate sieving.Results
Thirty months after incorporation, biochar application had no significant effect on soil moisture content, drainable porosity between –1.0 and ?10 kPa, field capacity, plant available water capacity, the van Genuchten soil water retention parameters, aggregate stability, nor the permanent wilting point. However, the biochar-amended soil had significantly higher near-saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content at ?0.1 kPa, and significantly lower bulk density than the unamended control. Differences were attributed to the formation of large macropores (>1,200 μm) resulting from greater earthworm burrowing in the biochar-amended soil.Conclusion
We found no evidence to suggest application of biochar influenced soil porosity by either direct pore contribution, creation of accommodation pores, or improved aggregate stability. 相似文献5.
Predicting phosphorus bioavailability from high-ash biochars 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Background and aims
Biochars are highly variable in nutrient composition and availability, which are determined by types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. The aim of this research was to (a) study the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in biochars using different feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions; (b) develop a robust chemical method for biochar P availability measurements.Methods
In the present study, (a) chemical analysis – including total P and extractable P (2% citric acid, 2% formic acid, and neutral ammonium citrate extraction), and (b) a bioassay test using rye-grass grown in a P deficient sandy soil were used to compare the P bioavailability of different biochars. Biochars were produced from two different feedstocks (dairy manure-wood mixture, MAe; biosolid-wood mixture, BSe) at four different pyrolysis temperatures (250, 350, 450, and 550°C).Results
Results showed that P in feedstock was fully recovered in the biochars. After 6 harvests, the biochars were as effective as the P fertilizers tested [Sechura phosphate rocks (SPR) and calcium dihydrogen phosphate (CaP)] in increasing the shoot yield. However, P uptake followed the order of CaP >MAe biochars >BSe biochars >SPR, on a same TP basis. Based on the Mitscherlich equation, 2% formic acid was the most sensitive indicator of P bioavailability in biochars.Conclusions
The results suggest that high-ash biochars with high P concentrations are potential P sources with high-agronomic efficiency. We propose the use of 2% formic acid extraction to predict the availability of P in ash-rich biochars. 相似文献6.
Neil A. Hipps Michael J. Davies Joel M. Dunn Howard Griffiths Christopher J. Atkinson 《Plant and Soil》2014,375(1-2):61-74
Aims
The objectives were to investigate (i) the forms and release pattern of P from an ash-rich biochar-amended sandy soil; (ii) the transformation of biochar P in a soil-plant system.Methods
Several methodologies (a bioassay test, soluble P extractions, a sequential P fractionation and successive P extractions via resin strips) were used to study the bioavailability and transformation of P in a sandy soil fertilised with either conventional P fertilisers [Ca(H2PO4)2 (CaP) and Sechura phosphate rock (SPR)] or biochars produced from cattle manure (MAe) and alum-treated biosolids (BSe) at four temperatures (250, 350, 450, and 550 °C).Results
Biochar P mainly contributed to increase soil resin-extractable P- and inorganic NaOH-extractable P-fractions, and thus to plant available P. The decrease in P concentrations of those fractions was caused by the uptake of P by plants rather than their transformations into more stable forms. P release rates diminished following the order: CaP > MAe > BSe > SPR, which indicates a decline in P availability from these P sources.Conclusions
Phosphorus-rich biochar can be used as a slow-release fertiliser. It is necessary to determine available P (either soil or fertiliser tests) in biochars prior to its application to soil, so that dose, frequency and timing of application are correctly established. 相似文献7.
Biochar from Miscanthus: a potential silicon fertilizer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background and aims
Silicon (Si) is largely recognized to improve plant growth subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses. As plants accumulate Si in the form of readily-soluble phytolith, we examine the possibility of using phytolith-rich biochar as a bio-available Si source for increasing the agronomical productivity of Si high-accumulator plants while augmenting soil fertility and C sequestration.Methods
By adding three different biochars (Miscanthus x giganteus straws, coffee husks and woody material) at two different concentrations (1 % and 3 %; w/w) to soil samples, we investigated the effects on the soil respiration, the chemical characteristics and the kinetic release of bio-available Si (CaCl2-extractable Si).Results
Here we show that the biochar from Miscanthus straws was the most attractive amendment. Its incorporation at a 3 % rate improved the soil fertility parameters (pH and available cations) and combined the highest mean residence time of carbon (C) in soil (MRT?=?50 years) with the highest rate of release of bio-available Si. We attribute this result to the presence of phytoliths in this biochar, as revealed by SEM-EDS analysis.Conclusions
Not only did the biochar from Miscanthus enhance both soil C sequestration and fertility, but the results of this study suggest that it can also be considered as a potential source of bio-available Si. Although our conclusions should be substantiated in the field, we suggest that Miscanthus biochar could be used as a potential source of bio-available silicon for the culture of such crop as Si-accumulator plants growing, for instance, in highly weathered tropical soils with low content in carbon, nutrients and bio-available Si. 相似文献8.
Hai-kun Ma Ana Pineda Andre W. G. van der Wurff T. Martijn Bezemer 《Plant and Soil》2018,431(1-2):257-272
Aim
To investigate the effects of biochar on biological and chemical phosphorus (P) processes and identify potential interactive effects between P fertilizer and biochar on P bioavailability in the rhizosphere of maize.Methods
We conducted a pot-experiment with maize in a sandy loam soil with two fertilizer levels (0 and 100 mg P kg ?1) and three biochars produced from soft wood (SW), rice husk (RH) and oil seed rape (OSR). Sequential P fractionation was performed on biochar, bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil samples. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and root exudates of citrate, glucose, fructose, and sucrose in the rhizosphere were determined.Results
RH and OSR increased readily available soil P, whereas SW had no effect. However, over time available P from the biochars moved to less available P pools (Al-P and Fe-P). There were no interactive effects between P fertilizer and biochar on P bioavailability. Exudates of glucose and fructose were strongly affected by especially RH, whereas sucrose was mostly affected by P fertilizer. Alkaline phosphatase activity was positively correlated with pH, and citrate was positively correlated with readily available P.Conclusion
Biochar effects on biological and chemical P processes in the rhizosphere are driven by biochar properties.9.
Mechanical properties and soil stability affected by fertilizer treatments for an Ultisol in subtropical China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wei Yang Zhaoxia Li Chongfa Cai Zhonglu Guo Jiazhou Chen Junguang Wang 《Plant and Soil》2013,363(1-2):157-174
Background and aims
Soil mechanical properties are crucial for plant growth, soil erosion, tillage and traffic. The soil mechanical properties and stability of an Ultisol were determined in a 13-year fertilization experiment in subtropical China. The effect of organic matter on soil structure was also evaluated.Methods
The treatments include: unfertilized, mineral fertilized, mineral mixed with straw, and animal manure. Bulk soil strengths (shear strength and penetration resistance) were tested in field. Aggregate strengths (penetration resistance and tensile strength), water stability, organic carbon (OC), hot-water-extractable carbohydrate (HWEC) and some related factors were determined in laboratory.Results
Fertilizer increases aggregate penetration resistance, tensile strength, water stability and organic matter content in cultivated horizon (0–15 cm depth), especially at the 0–5 cm layer. OC and HWEC showed significantly regression relationships with aggregate water stability, porosity and water repellency for the whole soil profile (0–40 cm). Aggregate strengths also increased with OC and HWEC in cultivated horizon.Conclusions
Animal manure is most effective in improving soil structure while aggregate water stability is the most sensitive index of fertilizer management. Soil organic matter is a strong determinant of soil structure. Both OC and HWEC are good indicators of surface aggregate strengths and stability, and thus, soil quality in this region. 相似文献10.
11.
Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Afeng Zhang Yuming Liu Genxing Pan Qaiser Hussain Lianqing Li Jinwei Zheng Xuhui Zhang 《Plant and Soil》2012,351(1-2):263-275
Aims
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar on maize yield and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in a calcareous loamy soil poor in organic carbon from Henan, central great plain, China.Methods
Biochar was applied at rates of 0, 20 and 40?t?ha?1 with or without N fertilization. With N fertilization, urea was applied at 300?kg?N ha?1, of which 60% was applied as basal fertilizer and 40% as supplementary fertilizer during crop growth. Soil emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were monitored using closed chambers at 7?days intervals throughout the whole maize growing season (WMGS).Results
Biochar amendments significantly increased maize production but decreased GHGs. Maize yield was increased by 15.8% and 7.3% without N fertilization, and by 8.8% and 12.1% with N fertilization under biochar amendment at 20?t?ha?1 and 40?t?ha?1, respectively. Total N2O emission was decreased by 10.7% and by 41.8% under biochar amendment at 20?t?ha?1 and 40?t?ha?1 compared to no biochar amendment with N fertilization. The high rate of biochar (40?t?ha?1) increased the total CO2 emission by 12% without N fertilization. Overall, biochar amendments of 20?t?ha?1 and 40?t?ha?1 decreased the total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O by 9.8% and by 41.5% without N fertilization, and by 23.8% and 47.6% with N fertilization, respectively. Biochar amendments also decreased soil bulk density and increased soil total N contents but had no effect on soil mineral N.Conclusions
These results suggest that application of biochar to calcareous and infertile dry croplands poor in soil organic carbon will enhance crop productivity and reduce GHGs emissions. 相似文献12.
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi Tim J. Clough Robert R. Sherlock Leo M. Condron 《Plant and Soil》2012,353(1-2):73-84
Aims
Ammonia (NH3) can be volatilised from the soil surface following the surface application of nitrogenous fertilisers or ruminant urine deposition. The volatilisation of NH3 is of agronomic and environmental concern, since NH3-N is a form of reactive nitrogen. Ammonia adsorption onto biochar has the potential to mitigate NH3 losses, but to date no studies have examined the potential for reducing NH3 losses when biochar is present in the soil matrix.Methods
We used 15N-enriched urine to examine the effect of incorporating a wood based low-temperature biochar into soil on NH3 volatilisation. Then, we extracted the urine-treated biochar and compared its potential to act as a plant N source with fresh biochar, while growing ryegrass (Lolium perenne).Results
The NH3 volatilisation from 15N-labelled ruminant urine, applied to soil, was reduced by 45% after incorporating either 15 or 30?t ha?1 of biochar. When the urine-treated biochar particles were transferred into fresh soil, subsequent plant growth was not affected but the uptake of 15N in plant tissues increased, indicating that the adsorbed-N was plant available.Conclusions
Our results show that incorporating biochar into the soil can significantly decrease NH3 volatilisation from ruminant urine and that the NH3-N adsorbed onto the biochar is bioavailable. Further studies are now required to assess the temporal dynamics of the N pools involved. 相似文献13.
Effects of biochar amendment on root traits and contaminant availability of maize plants in a copper and arsenic impacted soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aoife Brennan Eduardo Moreno Jiménez Markus Puschenreiter José Antonio Alburquerque Christine Switzer 《Plant and Soil》2014,379(1-2):351-360
Background and aims
Biochar has been proposed as a tool to enhance phytostabilisation of contaminated soils but little data are available to illustrate the direct effect on roots in contaminated soils. This work aimed to investigate specific root traits and to assess the effect of biochar amendment on contaminant availability.Methods
Amendment with two different types of biochar, pine woodchip and olive tree pruning, was assessed in a rhizobox experiment with maize planted in a soil contaminated with significant levels of copper and arsenic.Results
Amendment was found to significantly improve root traits compared to the control soil, particularly root mass density and root length density. Copper uptake to plants and ammonium sulphate extractable copper was significantly less in the biochar amended soils. Arsenic uptake and extractability varied with type of biochar used but was not considered to be the limiting factor affecting root and shoot development.Conclusions
Root establishment in contaminated soils can be enhanced by biochar amendment but choice of biochar is key to maximising soil improvement and controlling contaminant availability. 相似文献14.
Background and aims
Biochar is produced from the pyrolysis of organic materials, and when buried in soil can act as a long term soil carbon (C) store. Evidence suggests that biochar can also increase crop yields, reduce nutrient leaching and increase biological nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. However, the potential for increasing biological N2 fixation in agroecosystems is poorly understood, with inconsistent reports of root nodulation following biochar application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochar application rate and time since application on nodulation and nitrogenase activity in nodules of clover grown in a temperate agricultural soil.Methods
We used replicated field plots with three biochar application rates (0, 25 and 50 t ha?1). Three years after biochar amendment, the plots were further split and fresh biochar added at two different rates (25 and 50 t ha?1) resulting in double-loaded reapplications of 25?+?25 and 50?+?50 t ha?1.Results
Three years after biochar application, there was no significant difference in the total number of root nodules between biochar-amended and unamended soil, regardless of the application rate. However, despite clover root nodules being of a similar number and size the level of nitrogenase activity of individual nodules in biochar-amended soil was significantly higher than in unamended soil. Reapplication of biochar resulted in decreased nodulation, although the rate of nitrogenase activity per nodule remained unaffected.Conclusion
In the short term, biochar influences root nodule number and localised N2 fixation per nodule; however, total nitrogenase activity for the whole root system remained unaffected by the application rate of biochar or time since its application. These results emphasise the importance of long-term field studies, with a variety of applications rates for determining the influence of biochar applications on N2-fixing organisms and in providing data that can meaningfully inform agronomic management decisions and climate change mitigation strategies. 相似文献15.
Effectiveness of low-temperature biochar in controlling the release and leaching of herbicides in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aims
Biochars, being good sorbents of organic compounds, can reduce the mobility of pesticides in soil and subsequent pollution to groundwater, but may also impact on the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides. The aim of this study is to seek a potential solution to this problem.Methods
We prepared a wood biochar at a relatively low heat treatment temperature (350 °C), and used it as an adsorptive carrier for incorporating the herbicides 2,4-D and acetochlor, and also as a soil amendment. Release experiment through a thin soil layer and leaching experiment through a soil column were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the biochar for controlling the release and leaching of herbicides in soil.Results
The release experiments demonstrated that the low-temperature biochar could control the release of herbicides in soil, and the leaching experiments showed that this biochar significantly reduced the leached amount of herbicides by 1/2?~?3/4, depending on the depth (5?~?15 cm) of biochar-amended topsoil. High retention of herbicides in the biochar-amended topsoil was observed.Conclusions
The results suggest that the low temperature biochar, if applied properly in soil, may be useful for extending the efficacy of herbicides while controlling their potential pollution. 相似文献16.
Jinghua Fan Zhenli He Lena Q. Ma Yuangen Yang Peter J. Stoffella 《Plant and Soil》2014,374(1-2):993-1004
Background and aims
Long-term use of copper (Cu) based fungicides has accelerated Cu contamination in soils and subsequently its export to the environment. Field trials were conducted in representative commercial citrus groves in the Indian River area, South Florida to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium water treatment residue (Ca-WTR) for stabilizing Cu in soil and its subsequent influence on Cu loading in surface runoff and citrus growth.Methods
Soil and surface runoff samples were monitored over a 3-year period on two field sites under navel orange and Ruby Red grapefruit production.Results
Soil amendment with Ca-WTR generally raised soil pH and soil available Ca, but decreased available Cu. The mean concentrations of Cu in surface runoff water were reduced by 36 % and 28 % for the navel orange and grapefruit site, respectively. The results of species distribution of Cu in the runoff water using MINTEQ indicated that the application of Ca-WTR decreased the concentrations of free Cu2+ by 61 % and 39 % for the two sites. Fruit quality and yields were improved, because of the improved nutrient availability and other soil conditions.Conclusions
The results indicate that in situ application of Ca-WTR may provide a cost-effective remediation method for the Cu-contaminated soils without affecting citrus production. 相似文献17.
Yelin Zeng Wenhua Xiang Xiangwen Deng Xi Fang Cong Liu Changhui Peng 《Plant and Soil》2014,384(1-2):231-242
Background and aims
Knowledge related to extent of differing soil N forms and N transformation rates in subtropical southern China is severely limited. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate if and how tree species of different foliage types (coniferous, deciduous, and evergreen broadleaved) influence N forms and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content as well as gross N transformation rates in the organic and mineral soils of three distinct subtropical forests in China.Methods
Chloroform fumigation extraction was used to determine MBC and MBN content while 15N-isotope dilution techniques were used to measure gross N transformation rates. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to quantify relationships between soil chemical characteristics and changes in soil N transformation rates.Results
Soil N forms, MBC and MBN content, and N transformation rates were found to be significantly different between tree species. Deciduous forest soil exhibited the highest N transformation rates. Soil N transformation rates were closely associated with total soil C and N and MBC and MBN content.Conclusions
Soil substrate quantity and soil microbial activity play a more important role in soil N transformation processes than does soil quality in China’s subtropical forests. Tree species type should therefore be taken into account when trying to determine ecosystem N cycling. 相似文献18.
Degradation kinetics of biochar from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization in temperate soils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mo Bai Burkhard Wilske Franz Buegger Jürgen Esperschütz Claudia Irene Kammann Christian Eckhardt Martin Koestler Philipp Kraft Martin Bach Hans-Georg Frede Lutz Breuer 《Plant and Soil》2013,372(1-2):375-387
Background and Aims
Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution.Methods
Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the 13CO2 efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t1/2) was estimated with three empirical models.Results
(1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t1/2 ranging from 19.7–44.5, 0.7–2.1 and 0.8–1.3 years for pyrBC, htcBC and feedstock, respectively.Conclusion
The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AICC preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool. 相似文献19.
Effects of soil acidity and water stress on corn and soybean performance under a no-till system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Helio Antonio Wood Joris Eduardo Fávero Caires Angelo Rafael Bini Danilo Augusto Scharr Adriano Haliski 《Plant and Soil》2013,365(1-2):409-424
Background and Aims
Field studies have demonstrated that aluminum (Al) toxicity is low in no-till systems during cropping seasons that have adequate and well-distributed rainfall. This study evaluated the performance of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) on an acid loamy soil under a long-term no-till system, in response to surface liming and as affected by genotypic tolerance to Al and water stress.Methods
A field trial examined the effect of surface application of lime (0, 4, 8, and 12 Mg ha?1) on no-till corn and soybean nutrition and yield. Trials were also carried out in undisturbed soil columns taken from the unlimed and limed plots. Two hybrids/cultivars of corn and soybean, one sensitive and the other moderately sensitive to Al were grown at two soil moisture levels with and without water stress (50 % and 80 % water filled pore space).Results
Alleviating soil acidity by liming improved nutrition and increased grain yields of corn and soybean. The benefits of liming on root length density, nutrient uptake and shoot biomass production of corn and soybean were more pronounced in Al-sensitive genotypes under water stress.Conclusions
The results suggest that plants exposed to drought stress under no-till systems are more affected by Al toxicity. 相似文献20.