急性心肌梗死患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys-C水平变化及临床意义

目的:评价心肌梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平变化及临床意义。方法:对急性心肌梗死(AMI)组66例患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys-C水平进行测定,并与正常对照组的40例健康受试者进行比较分析。结果:AMI组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys-C水平均显著高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且AMI组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys-C两两之间均呈正性显著相关。结论:检测AMI患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys-C水平对患者病情评估及治疗措施的选择具有重要的临床意义。     

冠心病患者血清尿酸、高敏C 反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原水平变化 的临床研究

目的:观察冠心病患者血清中尿酸、高敏C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原水平的变化.方法:选取2010年11月至2011年11月于我院就诊的68例冠心病患者(稳定型心绞痛21例,不稳定型心绞痛24例,急性心肌梗死13例)作为研究对象,并选取同期于我院体检中心体检的62例健康人为对照组,检测受试者血清中尿酸、高敏C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原的水平.结果:研究组患者血清中UA、CRP和FBG水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).与稳定型心绞痛组比,不稳定型心绞痛的CRP水平增高(5.34±1.98 mg/L vs.11.36±2.73 mg/L,P＜0.05),急性心肌梗死组的UA (345.63±86.4 μmol/L vs.493.76±101.2 μmol/L,P＜0.05)、CRP (5.34±1.98mg/L vs.21.3±2.24 mg/L,P＜0.05)和FBG(3.86±1.34 g/L vs.6.85±2.36 g/L,P＜0.05)水平显著增高,与不稳定型心绞痛组比,急性心肌梗死组的UA(378.91±89.7 μmol/L vs.493.76±101.2 μmol/L,P＜0.05)、CRP(11.36±2.73 mg/L vs.21.3±2.24 mg/L,P＜0.05)和FBG(4.27±2.08 g/L vs.6.85±2.36 g/L,P＜0.05)水平显著增高(P＜0.05).结论:冠心病患者血清中尿酸、高敏C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原的水平升高,3个指标可用于评估治疗效果和预后.     

血清IgE水平与冠心病的相关性分析

目的:探讨血清IgE水平与冠心病的相关性。方法:将我院收治的135例患者根据冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组(CHD)和非冠心病组(non-CHD),冠心病组根据临床症状分为稳定型心绞痛组(SAP)、不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP)和急性心肌梗死组(AMI),动脉堵塞程度用Gensini评分量化,采用SIMENS BNII全自动免疫散射比浊仪测定总IgE水平。比较CHD和non-CHD组患者及SAP、UAP和AMI组患者血清IgE水平的差异,并进一步分析血清IgE等级与冠心病Gensini积分的相关性。结果:non-CHD患者血清IgE水平(32.3(13.5,61)KU/L)明显低于CHD患者(69(26.4,169)KU/L)(P=0.001),UAP和AMI患者血清IgE水平(78.6(37.0,191.0)KU/L、118.5(75.3,148.1)KU/L)均显著高于SAP组(36.7(20.7,96.7)KU/L)(P=0.034和P=0.001),且多支血病变组患者血清IgE水平(67.2(30.9,249.0)KU/L)显著高于单支血管病变患者(34.6(18.1,59.0)KU/L)(P=0.039)。IgE水平根据四分位间距分为四个等级,随着IgE分级水平增加冠心病Gensini积分增加。结论:冠心病患者血清IgE水平升高,且与冠心病类型和血管堵塞程度都存在显著相关性,可能辅助冠心病的诊断及病情监测。     

急性心肌梗死患者冠脉介入治疗后血浆apelin的变化及作用

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者围手术期血浆apelin的表达变化,分析AMI合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆apelin的表达与预后的相关性,探讨apelin在冠脉介入治疗(PCI)中的心脏保护作用。方法:72例于2012年2月~8月在我院心内科接受冠状动脉造影确诊为AMI并成功完成PCI的冠心病患者,分别在术前、术后0小时、术后4小时、术后24小时收集血清,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆apelin-13水平;进一步对糖尿病及非糖尿病AMI患者(每组各20例)进行亚组分析,随访两组患者在术后6个月时主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)。结果:AMI患者术后0 h组apelin水平与术前基线水平明显降低(31.54±5.48 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05);术后4小时及24小时组apelin水平较术前明显升高(39.65±5.48 vs 35.15±6.48 ng/L,43.93±5.37 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05)。糖尿病与非糖尿病组apelin水平术前无明显差异;糖尿病组在术后各时间点的apelin水平均明显高于非糖尿病组(31.12±5.50 vs 29.21±6.53 ng/L,40.57±5.37 vs 33.49±3.89 ng/L,43.50±7.41 vs 34.54±3.52 ng/L,P0.05)。两组术后6个月随访T2DM组LVEF值改善明显高于NT2DM组,但MACCE事件无明显差异。结论:AMI患者PCI术后存在血浆apelin表达的升高,其中糖尿病患者在术后血浆apelin表达较非糖尿病患者明显增高,提示PCI冠脉血运重建可促进糖尿病患者apelin分泌,调节胰岛素抵抗改善预后。     

冠心病患者肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽变化的临床研究

目的:观察不同类型冠心病与肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽(Proadrenomedullin N Terminal 20 Peptide,PAMP)的关系。方法:选择稳定型心绞痛组(SA)14例,不稳定型心绞痛组(UA)22例,急性心肌梗死组(AMI)12例,正常对照组20例,用放免方法分别测定其外周血中PAMP含量。结果:稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死血浆PAMP含量分别为20．34±3．41ng/L、27．46±2．54ng/L、32．12±3．63 ng/L。不稳定型心绞痛及急性心肌梗死患者血浆中PAMP含量与正常对照组相比差别有明显统计学意义(P＜0．01);单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组血浆PAMP含量分别为30．54±1．98ng/L、30．54±1．98ng/L、21．80±3．54 ng/L,前两者PAMP水平较正常对照组差别有显著统计学意义(P＜0．01),PAMP水平与病变支数无明显相关性。结论:不稳定型心绞痛和急性心梗患者PAMP浓度明显升高,有助于冠心病的危险分层,对评估冠状动脉严重程度及预后可能有意义。     

血清同型半胱氨酸及尿酸水平检测对冠心病的临床价值研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和尿酸(UA)水平检测对冠心病的临床价值。方法:选择经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的182例患者,分为以下3组,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组78例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组56例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)组48例。另外,随机选择单纯性高血压患者60例作为对照组,比较各组血清Hcy和UA水平并分析二者与各临床类型冠心病之间的关系。结果:⑴冠心病组的血清Hcy和UA水平明显高于单纯性高血压组(P0.05);⑵AMI组的血清Hcy和UA水平均明显高于UAP组和SAP组(P0.05);⑶Spearman相关分析显示:在AMl组中血清Hcy和UA水平呈高度正相关(P0.01);⑷Logistic风险回归显示:血清Hcy和血清UA升高是冠心病的危险因素(P0.05),而血清Hcy升高是急性心肌梗死的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:高Hcy与高UA血症是冠心病发病的重要危险因素,联合监测二者对预防冠心病尤其是急性心肌梗死具有重要的临床意义。     

冠心病患者血清IL-37水平及其与血清IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平的关系

目的:探讨不同类型冠心病患者血清白介素-37(IL-37)的水平及其与血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系。方法:选取急性心肌梗死患者20例(AMI组)、不稳定性心绞痛患者26例(UAP组)、稳定性心绞痛患者20例(SAP组)及冠脉造影正常者26例(CON组)为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其血清IL-37、IL-6、IL-10和CRP的水平并分析其相关性。结果:1UAP组、AMI组血清IL-37水平均较对照组(CON组)显著增高(p0.05),而SAP组与CON组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。2冠心病患者的血清IL-37水平与其血清CRP(r=0.3,P0.05)、IL-6(r=0.4,P0.05)水平均存在显著正相关性,与IL-10水平无明显相关(P=0.16)。当排除SAP组患者后,冠心病患者的血清IL-37水平与CRP(r=0.3,P0.05)、IL-6(r=0.5,P0.05)、IL-10(r=0.2,P0.05)水平均显著相关。结论:急性冠脉综合症(ACS)患者的血清IL-37水平显著升高,并与IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平相关,可能参与了ACS发病过程中的炎症反应。     

冠心病患者血清sCD40L水平及其与hs-CRP关系研究

目的:研究冠心病患者血清sCD40L和hs-CRP临床特点及其关系,探讨其在冠心病预测和治疗中的意义.方法:采用夹心法酶联免疫吸附测定分析法及微粒子增强透射免疫分析法分别对对照组15例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组27例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组35例及急性心肌梗死(AMI)组14例受试者血清sCD40L和hs-CRP水平进行检测,并观察其与冠脉狭窄程度的相关性.结果:1)、血清hs-CRP水平:SAP组、UAP组、AMI组呈依次递增(AMI组比UAP组、UAP组比SAP组P＜0.05,AMI组、UAP组比对照组(P＜0.01);SAP组与对照组血清hs-CRP水平相似;2)、血清sCIMOL水平:AMI组及UAP组血清sCD40L水平高于SAP组和对照组(P＜0.01),AMI组与UAP组之间、SAP与对照组间没有统计学差异;3)、相关分析显示血清sCD40L水平与hs-CRP水平显著相关(r=0.787,P＜0.0001),两者均与冠脉狭窄程度无相关性.结论:血清hs-CRP、sCD40L水平升高与冠心病临床表现类型和病情是否稳定有关,与冠状动脉狭窄程度无关,此两项指标能够用于冠心病病情不稳定性的判断和预测.     

急性冠状动脉综合症患者血浆溶血磷脂酸及基质金属蛋白酶-9 水平的检测及意义

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合症(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)患者血浆溶血磷脂酸(1ysophosphatidic acid,LPA)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)水平的变化,探讨其在ACS中可能的临床意义。方法:入选100例ACS患者,根据病情将其分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组50例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组50例,并入选40例健康者作为对照组,分别用无机磷定量法和酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血浆LPA、MMP-9水平。结果:AMI组血浆LPA、MMP-9水平显著高于UAP组(LPA:3.29±0.42vs2.67±0.37;MMP-9:481.7±86.5vs237.85±65.34,P<0.01)并且两组均显著高于对照组(LPA:1.82±0.31;MMP-9:87.42±23.85P<0.01);LPA与MMP-9水平呈正相关(r=0.224,P<0.05)。结论:LPA与MMP-9可能是提示不稳定斑块的形成、破裂,进而导致急性冠状动脉综合征的危险信号。     

急性心肌梗死患者肠道菌群多样性分析

目的初步探究急性心肌梗死患者肠道菌群的多样性。方法选择2015年6月至2016年3月于大连大学附属中山医院住院治疗的急性心肌梗死患者作为观察组,年龄51~70岁。选择同期经冠脉造影排除冠心病的住院患者为对照组,年龄51~70岁。排除近1个月内发生感染、炎性肠病及应用抗生素的患者。所有患者按性别与年龄分为A、B、C、D组。直接从患者粪便标本中提取细菌总DNA,PCR扩增后进行梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析。结果 DGGE分析显示急性心梗患者肠道菌群丰度均较对照组下降。A组中观察组与对照组患者电泳条带数为(33.71±4.39)vs(38.71±2.56),t=-2.058,P=0.040;C组患者为(31.14±2.67)vs(35.29±3.55),t=-2.005,P=0.045;差异均具有统计学意义。B与D组中心梗患者肠道菌群丰度亦有下降趋势,但与对照组比差异无统计学意义。UPGAM法聚类分析显示除D组外,各组中观察组与对照组患者肠道菌群呈现分离现象;急性心梗患者肠道菌群有较高相似性,与非冠心病患者肠道菌群差异明显。结论急性心梗与非冠心病患者肠道菌群存在差异,急性心梗患者肠道菌群多样性较低。肠道菌群改变可能与急性心肌梗死存在一定相关性。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.