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1.
粗毛纤孔菌子实体化学成分 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
采用多种层析分离手段从粗毛纤孔菌子实体甲醇提取物中分离得到麦角甾醇、7(8),22(23)-二烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷、(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇、4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷、齿孔酸、Hispidin、Hispolon、次黄嘌呤核苷、InoscavinC和原儿茶酸10个单体化合物;通过气质联机分析,黄色油状物鉴定为12个脂肪酸衍生物、2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基菠菜烯和二十二烷。 相似文献
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Analysis of indole compounds from the fruiting bodies and the culture mycelia of Sarcodon imbricatus
《Mycoscience》2014,55(3):164-167
Amounts of non-hallucinogenic indole compounds were determined in methanolic extracts from the fruiting bodies and biomass of Sarcodon imbricatus cultured in vitro. In both extracts there were non-hallucinogenic indole compounds present, l-tryptophan, tryptamine and serotonin. Additionally, melatonin was found also in the fruiting bodies. The total amount of indole compounds was 89.38 mg/100 g d.w. in the fruiting bodies and 8.45 mg/100 g d.w. in the cultured mycelia. The leading compound in the fruiting bodies and the mycelium was serotonin (52.02 mg/100 g d.w. and 3.03 mg/100 g d.w., respectively). This main indole compound was isolated and identified using spectral methods. 相似文献
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《Mycoscience》2014,55(6):462-468
This study determined the vitamin B12 content in commercially available dried fruiting bodies of shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes. The vitamin B12 contents in dried donko-type fruiting bodies with closed caps (5.61 ± 3.90 μg/100 g dry weight), did not significantly differ from those of dried koushin-type fruiting bodies with open caps (4.23 ± 2.42 μg/100 g dry weight). The bed logs after fruiting of the mushroom also contained the vitamin B12 levels similar to that in the dried shiitake fruiting bodies. To determine whether the dried shiitake fruiting bodies and their bed logs contained vitamin B12 or other corrinoid compounds that are inactive in humans, we purified corrinoid compounds using an immunoaffinity column and identified vitamin B12 using vitamin B12-dependent Escherichia coli 215 bioautograms and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) chromatograms. Dried shiitake fruiting bodies rarely contained an unnatural corrinoid vitamin B12[c-lactone] that is inactive in humans. Given that shiitake mushroom lacks the ability to synthesize vitamin B12 de novo, the vitamin B12 found in dried shiitake fruiting bodies must have been derived from the bed logs. 相似文献
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Matheny PB Wang Z Binder M Curtis JM Lim YW Nilsson RH Hughes KW Hofstetter V Ammirati JF Schoch CL Langer E Langer G McLaughlin DJ Wilson AW Frøslev T Ge ZW Kerrigan RW Slot JC Yang ZL Baroni TJ Fischer M Hosaka K Matsuura K Seidl MT Vauras J Hibbett DS 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2007,43(2):430-451
A phylogeny of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota is presented based on a survey of 160 taxa and five nuclear genes. Two genes, rpb2, and tef1, are presented in detail. The rpb2 gene is more variable than tef1 and recovers well-supported clades at shallow and deep taxonomic levels. The tef1 gene recovers some deep and ordinal-level relationships but with greater branch support from nucleotides compared to amino acids. Intron placement is dynamic in tef1, often lineage-specific, and diagnostic for many clades. Introns are fewer in rpb2 and tend to be highly conserved by position. When both protein-coding loci are combined with sequences of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes, 18 inclusive clades of Basidiomycota are strongly supported by Bayesian posterior probabilities and 16 by parsimony bootstrapping. These numbers are greater than produced by single genes and combined ribosomal RNA gene regions. Combination of nrDNA with amino acid sequences, or exons with third codon positions removed, produces strong measures of support, particularly for deep internodes of Basidiomycota, which have been difficult to resolve with confidence using nrDNA data alone. This study produces strong boostrap support and significant posterior probabilities for the first time for the following monophyletic groups: (1) Ustilaginomycetes plus Hymenomycetes, (2) an inclusive cluster of hymenochaetoid, corticioid, polyporoid, Thelephorales, russuloid, athelioid, Boletales, and euagarics clades, (3) Thelephorales plus the polyporoid clade, (4) the polyporoid clade, and (5) the cantharelloid clade. Strong support is also recovered for the basal position of the Dacrymycetales in the Hymenomycetidae and paraphyly of the Exobasidiomycetidae. 相似文献
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Autofluorescence of fruiting bodies of the wood-rotting fungus Fomes fomentarius has been observed and is described among native macrofungi for the first time. The strongest yellow autofluorescence with blue excitation was displayed by pith sets, a weaker yellow, yellow-green to yellow-red fluorescence was due to generative thin-walled hyphae while the weakest yellow-reddish fluorescence was emitted by thick-walled skeletal hyphae (though their parts may emit a more intensive yellow fluorescence). This yellow, yellow-green to yellow-red autofluorescence was assessed to be more intensive than the emission described so far in bacteria and fungi (except for lysed hyphae of the fungus Trametes versicolor). With green excitation all F. fomentarius cells emitted strong red autofluorescence. 相似文献
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James D. Lawrey Robert Lücking José L. Chaves Frank Bungartz Patrick M. Gillevet 《Mycological Research》2009,113(10):1154-1171
The Agaricales is the largest and most diverse order of mushroom-forming Basidiomycota, with over 100 natural groups recognized in recent Fungal Tree of Life studies. Most agarics are either saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal fungi, but the family Hygrophoraceae is in part characterized by a unique and remarkable diversity of lichenized forms. The most familiar of these is the chlorolichen genus Lichenomphalia, whose phylogenetic position in the Agaricales has been established. Recent limited evidence suggested that Hygrophoraceae also contains cyanolichens in the genus Dictyonema, which indicates a remarkable concentration and diversity of lichen-formers in a single family of agarics. To demonstrate the relationships of lichen-formers to other fungi in the family, we assembled ribosomal sequences from 52 species representing recognized groups within the Hygrophoraceae, among them new sequences representing Acantholichen and most species and forms of Dictyonema. The molecular data were evaluated using parsimony, likelihood, Bayesian, and distance analyses, including coding of ambiguous regions by means of INAASE and ARC, all of which indicate that Dictyonema and Acantholichen form a monophyletic clade derived from the primarily bryophilous genus Arrhenia and sister to the enigmatic Athelia pyriformis, a species unrelated to the Atheliales for which we are proposing a new genus name Eonema. The chlorolichen genus Lichenomphalia may be polyphyletic. Fungi in the Dictyonema-Acantholichen clade are typically tropical, entirely lichenized, and associate with cyanobacterial photobionts. Our data indicate a transition from agaricoid-omphalinoid basidiomes observed in Arrhenia to stereoid-corticioid forms in Dictyonema, and also support a previous suggestion of a connection between loss of clamp connections and lichenization. The diverse basidiome and thallus morphologies and nutritional ecologies of these fungi indicate a remarkable evolutionary flexibility that appears to have developed in part as a consequence of symbiosis. 相似文献
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As shown by morphological and molecular (ITS, nrLSU and tef1 sequences) evidence, the current concept of Myxarium nucleatum covers four species in the Nordic countries: M. cinnamomescens, M. hyalinum, M. nucleatum s.s. and M. populinum. These species are redescribed here, their nomenclature is discussed and all relevant names are typified. Exidia cartilaginea and E. villosa are typified and shown to be conspecific with the North American species E. candida. Based on morphological differences, E. cartilaginea is retained as a variety of E. candida. Exidia subrepanda is treated as a synomym of E. saccharina, and Heterochaete europaea as a synomym of E. thuretiana. 相似文献
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Lovkova MIa Buzuk GN Sokolova SM Buzuk LN 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2005,41(3):340-346
Effects of various elements (Co, Ni, Zn, W, Mn, Cr, B, Mo, Fe, and V), natural and synthetic auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellin on biosynthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids was studied at increasing concentrations in the model system of Madagascar periwinkle seedlings (Catharanthus roseus L.). The main types of concentration dependences for the effect of physiologically active compounds under study were evaluated. A possible mechanism of the influence of Zn and auxin on this process was partly clarified. The compounds were shown to modulate various stages in the biosynthesis of monomeric indole alkaloids (catharanthine and vindoline). 相似文献
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【目的】分析低温驯化后水椰八角铁甲Octodonta nipae体内各种生理活性物质含量的变化,为揭示水椰八角铁甲耐寒机制提供理论基础。【方法】以25℃处理为对照,将水椰八角铁甲各虫态于12.5, 15, 17.5和20℃驯化处理10 d后,比较其体内的游离水、蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、甘油和可溶性糖原等生理活性物质含量的变化。【结果】低温驯化显著影响铁甲体内上述物质的含量水平。低温驯化能提高该铁甲体内甘油和游离氨基酸的含量,降低游离水、蛋白质、粗脂肪、可溶性糖原的含量。与对照相比,12.5℃驯化对该铁甲各虫态体内游离水含量存在显著影响(P<0.01);经12.5, 15, 17.5和20.0℃驯化后,该铁甲各虫态体内蛋白质、粗脂肪含量与对照相比均存在显著差异(P<0.01);经125,150和175℃驯化后,该铁甲各虫态体内游离氨基酸含量与对照存在显著差异(P<0.01);经12.5,15.0,17.5和20℃驯化后,该铁甲各虫态(2龄幼虫除外)体内甘油含量与对照相比存在显著差异(P<0.01);12.5, 15.0, 17.5和20℃驯化对除2龄幼虫、蛹和成虫外的铁甲其他各虫态体内可溶性糖原含量存在显著影响。经15.0℃驯化处理后铁甲各虫态体内平均甘油含量最高,比对照25℃的平均甘油含量高出约9.4倍,而经12.5℃驯化处理的虫体内的平均甘油含量仅增加3.5倍。【结论】低温驯化对水椰八角铁甲体内相关生理活性物质含量的影响效能是有限的;水椰八角铁甲可以根据不良的环境条件调节最佳的生理状况,以适应未来的环境和达到最强的适应性。 相似文献
12.
The method described for the isolation of mitochondrial complex I (NADH-ubiquinone reductase) from bovine hearts could not be applied to donkey hearts as unacceptably large losses in enzyme activity occurred. This method was modified for the isolation of complex I using donkey hearts and two complexes were obtained: complex IA which was physiologically inactive and complex IB which was physiologically active as it catalyzed the reaction from NADH to ubiquinone. Both complexes had relatively low enzyme activity with artificial electron acceptors, except with potassium ferricyanide, and had more or less the same amount of acid-labile sulfur and nonheme iron although the polypeptide composition differed to a great extent. 相似文献
13.
A. G. Kozlovskii V. P. Zhelifonova T. V. Antipova 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2013,49(1):1-10
Fungi of the genus Penicillium isolated from little studied habitats are able to synthesize both previously known and new physiologically active compounds with diverse structures. They include secondary metabolites of alkaloid nature, i.e., ergot alkaloids, diketopiperazines, quinolines, quinazolines, benzodiazepines, and polyketides. We discuss the use of profiles of secondary metabolites for taxonomy purposes. Studying the physicochemical characteristics of producers of biologically active compounds showed that the biosynthesis of alkaloids is initiated on the first days of cultivation and proceeds simultaneously with growth. The cyclic character of alkaloid accumulation was recorded related to the processes of alkaloid biosynthesis, excretion from cells, degradation in culture fluid, and consumption by cells. Synchronic variations in the concentrations of intracellular tryptophan and alkaloids are necessary for the regulation of the optimal quantity of tryptophan necessary for the culture. 相似文献
14.
Shuran Zheng Haiwei Huang Renduo Zhang Lixiang Cao 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(20):8729-8736
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential to remove chromium (Cr) from aqueous solutions using the fruiting body of Auricularia polytricha. Batch experiments were conducted under various conditions, and different models were used to characterize the biosorption process. Results showed that, for both fresh and dried fruiting bodies of A. polytricha, removal efficiencies of Cr(VI) and total Cr reached maximum values at pH values of 1 and 2, respectively. The process of Cr(VI) removal by A. polytricha included the sorption process as well as the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Spectra of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the biosorbent revealed that most of the Cr loaded on the biomass surface was in the trivalent form. The Freundlich model fitted the isotherm process better than the Langmuir model in the concentration range examined. The pseudo-second-order model well described the adsorption process of Cr onto the biomass. The biosorption capacity of Cr(VI) by fruiting bodies was much higher than that by most of other biosorbents reported. The results suggest that the fruiting bodies of A. polytricha should be a promising biomaterial for Cr removal from water contaminated by the heavy metal. 相似文献
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Along with β-glucans, chitin is the dominant component of the fungal cell wall. Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, has found quite a number of biomedical and biotechnological applications recently. Mushroom chitin could be an important source for chitosan production. A direct determination of chitin and chitosan in mushrooms is of expedient interest. In this paper, a new method for the quantification of chitin and chitosan is described. This method is based on the specific reaction between polyiodide anions and chitosan and on measuring the optical density of the insoluble polyiodide–chitosan complex. After deacetylation, chitin can also be quantified. The specificity of the reaction is used to quantify the polymers in the presence of complex matrices. With this new spot assay, the chitin content of mycelia and fruiting bodies from several basidiomycetes and an ascomycete were analysed. The presented method could also be used for the determination in other samples as well. The chitin content of the analysed species varies between 0.4 and 9.8 g chitin per 100 g of dry mass. Chitosan could not be detected in our mushroom samples, indicating that the glucosamine units are mostly acetylated. 相似文献
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A water-soluble glycopeptide (GLPCW-II) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum by DEAE-Sepharose Fast-Flow and Sephacryl S-300 High Resolution Chromatography. The glycopeptide had a molecular weight of 1.2x10(4)Da (determined by HPLC), and consisted of approximately 90% carbohydrate and approximately 8% protein as determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the BCA protein assay reagent kit, respectively. The polysaccharide moiety was composed mainly of D-Glc, L-Fuc, and D-Gal in the ratio of 1.00:1.09:4.09. To facilitate structure-activity studies, the structure of the GLPCW-II polysaccharide moiety was elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy including COSY, TOCSY, HMBC, HSQC, and ROESY, combined with GC-MS of methylated derivatives, and shown to consist of repeating units with the following structure: [Formula: see text]. 相似文献
19.
D. N. Olennikov S. V. Agafonova A. V. Rokhin T. A. Penzina G. B. Borovskii 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2012,48(1):65-70
A new glucan, namely, piptoporane I, with a molecular mass of 270 kDa was isolated from fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinis (Bull.:Fr.) Karst. (Fomitopsidacaeae). Using a combination of physicochemical methods, it was established that piptoporane
I was a branched glucan with a backbone consisting of α-(1 → 3)-glucopyranose residues substituted at the C-6 position by
single residues of β-D-glucopyranose by 17.3%. A polysaccharide with such a structure was isolated for the first time from
the fungus genus Piptoporus. 相似文献
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Reaction of 5-morphilinosulfonylisatin (1) with acetophenones (2a–e) afforded 3-hydroxy-3-substituted-2-oxoindoles 3a-e, when treated with acetic acid the expected 3-phenacylidene-2-oxoindoles 4a-d and 4-hydroxy-5′-(morpholinosulfonyl) spiro [chromene-2, 3′-indolin]-2′-one 6 were obtained. Isatin derivative (1) was stirred with cyano derivatives to produce the arylidines (7a-c), while under reflux condition, it gave pyrrolo[2,3–b]indoles (8, 9). Moreover, istain (1) reacted with pyrazolo-5-one or 3-substituted phenol in presence of malononitrile to afford spiroxindole derivatives (10a,b) and (11a,b). Also, compounds (10a,b) and (11a,b) were obtained through cyclization of (7a) with pyrazolo-5-one or 3-substituted phenol. The obtained compounds were identified by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines (HepG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7) were evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay method. Compounds 4b, 4c, 7a, 7c and 9 showed broad spectrum anticancer activity on the three tested cell lines with IC50 values less than 10 µM. Cell cycle analysis was performed for the most promising derivatives, compounds 4b and 7c arrested HepG-2 cells at G2-M phase, while compounds 7a and 9 accumulated cells at G0-G1 phase, all of them induced apoptosis at priG1 phase in the range of (11.32–19.17%). Additionally compounds 4b, 7a and 9 showed more potent activity against EGFR than Lapatinib, their IC50 values are from 0.019 to 0.026 µM while IC50 of Lapatinib is 0.028 µM. Molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding mode, amino acid interactions and free binding energy of these potent derivatives. 相似文献